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Z-Transform and Convolution

The document discusses Z-transforms and their properties. Z-transforms convert a discrete-time signal into a complex frequency domain (z-domain) representation. The region of convergence (ROC) is where the Z-transform converges, and it must be a connected region without poles. Properties of the ROC include that it is typically a ring shape centered at the origin, and contains the unit circle for stable linear time-invariant systems. Z-transforms simplify analysis of discrete-time systems by converting difference equations to algebraic equations in the z-domain.

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Michelle Machimbira
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40 views9 pages

Z-Transform and Convolution

The document discusses Z-transforms and their properties. Z-transforms convert a discrete-time signal into a complex frequency domain (z-domain) representation. The region of convergence (ROC) is where the Z-transform converges, and it must be a connected region without poles. Properties of the ROC include that it is typically a ring shape centered at the origin, and contains the unit circle for stable linear time-invariant systems. Z-transforms simplify analysis of discrete-time systems by converting difference equations to algebraic equations in the z-domain.

Uploaded by

Michelle Machimbira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Z-TRANSFORM AND CONVOLUTION

Contents
• Z-transform
• Region of Convergence (ROC)
• Properties of Z-transform
• Inverse Z-transform
• DE convolution
• Solution of DE using Z-transform
Definition
• In mathematics and signal processing , the Z-transform converts a
discrete-time signal, which is a sequence of real or complex numbers,
into complex frequency –domain (z-domain or z-domain)
representation
• Used to covert the difference equations in time domain into the
algebraic equations in z-domain
• The Z-transform may be of two types unilateral(one-sided) and
bilateral (two-sided)
• Useful tool in the analysis of a linear shift invariant (LSI) system
Region of Convergence (ROC) of Z-
transform
The set of points in the z-plane, for which the Z-transform of a
discrete-time sequence x(n), that is X(z) converges is called the
region of convergence (ROC) of the Z-transform X(z).

For any given discrete-time sequence, the Z-transform may or may


not converge. If there is no point in the z-plane for which the function
X(z) converges, then the sequence x(n) is said to be having no z-
transform
Properties of ROC
• The region of convergence (ROC) of Z-transform has the following properties −
• The ROC of the Z-transform is a ring or disc in the z-plane centred at the origin.
• The ROC of the Z-transform cannot contain any poles.
• The ROC of Z-transform of an LTI stable system contains the unit circle.
• The ROC of Z-transform must be connected region. When the Ztransform X(z) is a rational, then
its ROC is bounded by poles or extends up to infinity.
• For x(n)=δ(n), i.e., impulse sequence is the only sequence whose ROC of Z-transform is the
entire z-plane.
• If x(n) is an infinite duration causal sequence, then its ROC is |z|>a, i.e., it is the exterior of a
circle of the radius equal to a.
• If x(n) is an infinite duration anti-causal sequence, then its ROC is |z|<b, i.e., it is the interior of a
circle of the radius equal to b.
• If x(n) is an infinite duration two-sided sequence, then its ROC is a<|z|<b, i.e., it consists of a
ring in the z-plane, which is bounded on the interior and exterior by a pole and does not contain
any poles.
Properties of ROC
• If x(n) is a finite duration causal sequence (i.e., right-sided sequence), then its ROC is
the entire z-plane except at z = 0.
• If x(n) is a finite duration anti-causal sequence (i.e., left sided sequence), then its ROC
is the entire z-plane except at z=∞.
• If x(n) is a finite duration two-sided sequence, then its ROC is the entire z-plane except
at z = 0 and z=∞.
• The ROC of the sum of two or more sequences is equal to the intersection of the ROCs
of these sequences.
ADVATANGES AND DISADVATANGES
OF Z-TRANSFORMS
• The Z-transform makes the analysis of a discrete-time system easier
by converting the difference equations describing the system into
simple linear algebraic equations.
• The convolution operation in time domain is converted into
multiplication in z-domain.
• The Z-transform exists for the signals for which the discrete-time
Fourier transform (DTFT) does not exist.
Limitations – The primary limitation of the Z-transform is that using Z-
transform, the frequency domain response cannot be obtained and
cannot be plotted.

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