Levels of Organization

Read through the PowerPoint and answer the questions at the

end.
 Levels of Organization

• All matter is made of atoms.

• Atoms combine and form molecules.
• Molecules make up cells.
Human cells
What’s the “Matter with Cell and Atoms?
 Unicellular Organisms

Remember that…..
• Unicellular organisms have only one cell.
• All the things needed for their survival takes place
within that one cell.
• Unicellular organisms include both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
 Prokaryotes
Remember ……
• A unicellular organism made
of one prokaryotic cell is
called a prokaryote.
• Prokaryotes are cells without
a membrane bound nucleus.
• Prokaryotes are smaller than
eukaryotic cells.
 Eukaryotes
Remember….
• A unicellular organism that
is made of one eukaryotic
cell is called a eukaryote.
• A eukaryotic cell has a
nucleus surrounded by a
membrane.
• A eukaryotic cell has may
specialized organelles.
 Multicellular Organisms

Cell differentiation-is the process by which cells become

different types of cells.
• All cells in a multicellular organism come from one
cell, a fertilized egg.
• Cell division stars quickly after fertilization.
• The first cells made can become any type of cell.
 Cells

• A cell’s instructions are contained in its chromosomes.

• Chromosomes-are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located
within the nucleus of almost every cell in your body.
• DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)-is an essential molecule for life
that acts like a recipe holding the instructions that tell our
bodies how to develop and function.
• Different cell types use different parts of the instructions on
the chromosomes.
• Biology for Kids: DNA and Genes
 Stem Cells

• Not all cells in a developing animal differentiate or become a

specialized cell.
• Stem cells-are unspecified cells that are able to develop into
many different cell types and are found in both plants and
animals.
• Large numbers of stem cells can be found in embryos, while
adults have fewer stem cells.
• Adult stem cells are important for cell repair and replacement.
Types of Differentiate
Cells

Red Blood Cells

Nerve Cell
 Tissues

• Tissues-are groups of similar types of cells that work

together to carry our specific tasks.
• Most animals, including humans, have four main types of
tissues.
• Plants have three main types of tissues.
Four Main Types of Human Tissue

Nervous Tissue-carries
Connective Tissue-provides
messages to and from the
structure and support
brain

Epithelial Tissue-forms the

Muscle Tissue-makes protective outer layer of skin
movement possible and the lining of major organs
and internal body cavities
Three Dermal tissue-provides protection and
Main helps reduce water.
Types
of Vascular tissue-transports water and
nutrients from one part of a plant to
Plant another.
Tissue
Ground tissue-provides storage and
support.
 Organs

• Complex jobs in organisms require more than one type of

tissue.
• Organs-are the groups of different tissues working together to
perform a particular job and are found in both plant and
animals.
• Example: The stomach is an organ that breaks down food and
is made of all 4 types of tissue performing a specific function
necessary for the stomach to work properly.
• Example: A leaf is and an example of an organ that is
specialized for photosynthesis.
 Organ System

• Organ systems-are groups of organs that work

together to complete a series of tasks.
• Example: The digestive system is made up of the
stomach, the small intestines, the liver, and the
large intestine. These organs all work together to
break down food.
 Organisms
• Multicellular organisms usually have many organ
systems
• The human body has many organ systems.
• Each organ system depends on the others and
cannot work alone.
• Example: The respiratory system and the
circulatory system carry oxygen to the cells of the
muscle tissue in the stomach which aids in the
survival of muscle tissue cells.
Directions: Answer the following questions on a piece of notebook paper and keep in a notebook or folder
until we return to school. Answers will be posted on your teacher’s website.

1. How do unicellular and multicellular organism differ?

2. What is the process by which cells become different types of cells?
3. Where are the instructions for a cell found?
4. What is DNA?
4. Name two types of cells that can result from cell differentiation.
5. What are tissues?
6. What are the four main types of human tissue?
7. What is an organ?
8. Name three organs NOT mentioned in the PowerPoint?
9. What is an organ system?
10. Can organ systems work independently?
11. How does the respiratory system and the circulatory system work together?
12. Complete the chart.

________ tissue ________ ________ organism