U N I T 1 : E D U C AT I O N

High school
+ Do we have a special building
(i.e. institution or a center)?

+ Do we have a a programme?

Formal education
+ Do you take exams?

+ Do you get certifecates (diplomas)

 Literacy classes
+ Do we have a special building
(i.e. institution or a center)?

Non-formal
+ Do we have a a programme?

education
+ Do you take exams?

+ Do you get certificates or diplomas?

 TV
+ Do we have a special building
(i.e. institution or a center)?

Informal education
+ Do we have a a programme?

+ Do you take exams?

+ Do you get certifecates (diplomas)

High school

3. Formal
education
University

3. Formal
education
Primary school

3. Formal
education
Evening classes / Extra hours

3. non-formal
education
Literacy classes

3. Non-formal
education
Radio
3. informal
education
Vocational training
3. Formal
education
 jokes
3. Informal
education
Dictionary
3. informal
education
Library
3. Non-formal
education
 M’sid
3. Non-formal
education
Internet
3. Informal
education
Friend and Family
3. Informal
education
 TV
3. Informal
education
Theatre
3. Informal
education
Folk tales
3. Informal
education
newspapers
3. Informal
education
Domestic hours
3. non-formal
education
 1. Informal 2. Non-formal 3. Formal
education education education

a)Learning that includes a programme,

an exam, and a certification at the end.

c) Learning through a programme but

without exams or certifications
(diplomas)

b) Learning from life experiences

 Collocations
=
Accepted Combination
of two words to create
a new one
1. subject 2. Background 3. goals

4. uniform 5. year 6. system

a. educational

b. school
1. rights 2. institution 3. school

4. status 5. opportunity 6. lessons

c. private

d. equal
Column A Column B
a) Graduate
1. Higher
b) Classes
2. University
c) Degree
3. Free
d) Access
4. Learning
e) Background
5. Gender
f) Illiteracy
6. Mixed
g) Poverty
7. Cultural
h) Discrimination
8. Adult
i) Education
9. Rural
j) needs
10. Basic
Do exercise C page 12
 Thursday, September 27th , 2018
Vocabulary
Collocations

 Definition:
A collocation is an accepted combination of two words or more to create and mean one
meaning.
 Examples :
1) The Moroccan educational system needs a lot of improvement.
2) Most of students continue their higher education at the university when they get their
baccalaureates.
3) The problem of adult illiteracy can be solved through organizing non-formal evening
classes.
 Remark :
Notice that collocates must be in the same order.
Example : school subject not subject school.
 Aisha Larab will never forget the day she heard that a literacy class was to open in her village.
“Someone from the association came to the house asking for the names of the women who didn’t
attend school,’ she recalls. “My little boy gave them my name. I was so excited. “Like most 50 year-
olds in the village of Ait Baha, Aisha’s life until that important day was divided between work in the
nearby fields or at home. To women like her, the new experience was a dream comes true.
Not everyone in the village was so enthusiastic, at least in the beginning. Some men complained
that the classes would deprive them of housework. Even Aisha’s husband, Mohamed, was
unconvinced. “What does a need to study for? My women is too old for that “, He said. Happily, that
wasn’t the view of her little son, the youngest student who promised his mom to help her fight the
darkness of illiteracy. ‘I’ve come to believe that a woman’s education is more important even than a
man’s,’ Abdellah says. “A man can always make something out of his circumstances, but a woman
can’t. She needs to be educated in order to get on in life.”
Five years on, it’s hard to find anyone in the village who doesn’t share that opinion. Thanks to
the literacy classes, many old women are able today to read, write and use their smartphones. Take
the example of the shopkeeper Ahmed, who is illiterate. “Until Fatima went to school, my store
accounts were in a complete mess”, he recalls. “But after that, she was taking care of the store for me,
as well as helping her elder sister to read and writes.” Fatima is handicapped, but her father says
she’s the most capable of his four daughters.
 Aisha Larab will never forget the day she heard that a literacy class was to open in her village. “Someone from the
association came to the house asking for the names of the women who didn’t attend school,’ she recalls. “My little boy
gave them my name. I was so excited. “Like most 50 year-olds in the village of Ait Baha, Aisha’s life until that
important day was divided between work in the nearby fields or at home. To women like her, the new experience was a
dream comes true.
Not everyone in the village was so enthusiastic, at least in the beginning. Some men complained that the classes
would deprive them of housework. Even Aisha’s husband, Mohamed, was unconvinced. “What does a need to study for?
My women is too old for that “, He said. Happily, that wasn’t the view of her little son, the youngest student who
promised his mom to help her fight the darkness of illiteracy. ‘I’ve come to believe that a woman’s education is more
important even than a man’s,’ Abdellah says. “A man can always make something out of his circumstances, but a woman
can’t. She needs to be educated in order to get on in life.”
Five years on, it’s hard to find anyone in the village who doesn’t share that opinion. Thanks to the literacy classes,
many old women are able today to read, write and use their smartphones. Take the example of the shopkeeper Ahmed,
who is illiterate. “Until Fatima went to school, my store accounts were in a complete mess”, he recalls. “But after that,
she was taking care of the store for me, as well as helping her elder sister to read and writes.” Fatima is handicapped,
but her father says she’s the most capable of his four daughters.
1. The type of education in the text is:
a- formal Education
b- Non Formal Education
c- Informal Education
 Aisha Larab will never forget the day she heard that a literacy class was to open in her village.
“Someone from the association came to the house asking for the names of the women who didn’t attend
school,’ she recalls. “My little boy gave them my name. I was so excited. “Like most 50 year-olds in
the village of Ait Baha, Aisha’s life until that important day was divided between work in the nearby fields
or at home. To women like her, the new experience was a dream comes true.
Not everyone in the village was so enthusiastic, at least in the beginning. Some men complained that the
classes would deprive them of housework. Even Aisha’s husband, Mohamed, was unconvinced. “What does
a need to study for? My women is too old for that “, He said. Happily, that wasn’t the view of her little son,
the youngest student who promised his mom to help her fight the darkness of illiteracy. ‘I’ve come to
believe that a woman’s education is more important even than a man’s,’ Abdellah says. “A man can always
make something out of his circumstances, but a woman can’t. She needs to be educated in order to get on in
life.”
Five years on, it’s hard to find anyone in the village who doesn’t share that opinion. Thanks to the
literacy classes, many old women are able today to read, write and use their smartphones. Take the example
of the shopkeeper Ahmed, who is illiterate. “Until Fatima went to school, my store accounts were in a
complete mess”, he recalls. “But after that, she was taking care of the store for me, as well as helping her
elder sister to read and writes.” Fatima is handicapped, but her father says she’s the most capable
of his four daughters.
2. Are these statements TRUE or FALSE ? Justify.
a- Aisha was fifty years old when the new school opened.
b- All the people in the village were happy about the school at first.
 Aisha Larab will never forget the day she heard that a literacy class was to open in her village. “Someone from the
association came to the house asking for the names of the women who didn’t attend school,’ she recalls. “My little boy
gave them my name. I was so excited. “Like most 50 year-olds in the village of Ait Baha, Aisha’s life until that
important day was divided between work in the nearby fields or at home. To women like her, the new experience was a
dream comes true.
Not everyone in the village was so enthusiastic, at least in the beginning. Some men complained that the classes
would deprive them of housework. Even Aisha’s husband, Mohamed, was unconvinced. “What does a need to study for?
My women is too old for that “, He said. Happily, that wasn’t the view of her little son, the youngest student who
promised his mom to help her fight the darkness of illiteracy. ‘I’ve come to believe that a woman’s education is more
important even than a man’s,’ Abdellah says. “A man can always make something out of his circumstances, but a woman
can’t. She needs to be educated in order to get on in life.”
Five years on, it’s hard to find anyone in the village who doesn’t share that opinion. Thanks to the literacy classes,
many old women are able today to read, write and use their smartphones. Take the example of the shopkeeper Ahmed,
who is illiterate. “Until Fatima went to school, my store accounts were in a complete mess”, he recalls. “But after that,
she was taking care of the store for me, as well as helping her elder sister to read and writes.” Fatima is handicapped,
but her father says she’s the most capable of his four daughters.

3. Answer these questions:

1. How did Aisha spend her days before the school opened?
2. What was Abdellah’s reaction to sending his mother to literacy calss?
 Aisha Larab will never forget the day she heard that a literacy class was to open in her village. “Someone from the
association came to the house asking for the names of the women who didn’t attend school,’ she recalls. “My little boy
gave them my name. I was so excited. “Like most 50 year-olds in the village of Ait Baha, Aisha’s life until that
important day was divided between work in the nearby fields or at home. To women like her, the new experience was a
dream comes true.
Not everyone in the village was so enthusiastic, at least in the beginning. Some men complained that the classes
would deprive them of housework. Even Aisha’s husband, Mohamed, was unconvinced. “What does a need to study for?
My women is too old for that “, He said. Happily, that wasn’t the view of her little son, the youngest student who
promised his mom to help her fight the darkness of illiteracy. ‘I’ve come to believe that a woman’s education is more
important even than a man’s,’ Abdellah says. “A man can always make something out of his circumstances, but a woman
can’t. She needs to be educated in order to get on in life.”
Five years on, it’s hard to find anyone in the village who doesn’t share that opinion. Thanks to the literacy classes,
many old women are able today to read, write and use their smartphones. Take the example of the shopkeeper Ahmed,
who is illiterate. “Until Fatima went to school, my store accounts were in a complete mess”, he recalls. “But after that,
she was taking care of the store for me, as well as helping her elder sister to read and writes.” Fatima is handicapped,
but her father says she’s the most capable of his four daughters.

4. What do the following words refer to ?

Them : …….. His: …….
 Grammar Gerund and infinitive
Verbs before gerund (verb + ing) Verbs before infinitive ( to + verb ) Verbs before gerund and
infinitive
Imagine – stop – help - enjoy-spend – Decide – begin – want – afford – agree Hate – love - begin - stop
Dislike – avoid – finish –detest – miss – manage – promise- Ask-expect – Like – continue – try – start –
– suggest –Admit - consider – regret - attempt – need – neglect –learn – hope prefer -pretend
remember – intend - plan.

The uses of gerund and infinitive

1. The gerund (verb + ing )
 The gerund is used after some verbs ex( imagine, enjoy; dislike……….) see the table
above.
Ex: He enjoys watching movies.
 The gerund is used after prepositions ( on, about, in, for, at…..)
Ex: She is good at writing.
 The gerund is used as a noun.
Ex: * smoking is bad for your health.
* I like swimming.
2. The infinitive ( to verb )
 The infinitive is used after some verbs Ex( decide , agree, manage….) see table above.
Ex: they agreed to travel to Agadir.
 The infinitive is used to express purpose.
Ex: I study to learn.
 The infinitive is used after adjectives. Ex ( important, easy, difficult……)
Ex: * the text is easy to read.
* It is important to practice sport.
3. Infinitive without “to” (= bare infinitive)
 It is used after modals ( can, could, must, should….)
Ex: *I must go to school.
*They can do it.
 It is used after the verbs : make- help- let
Ex : *let him go.
*she makes me laugh.