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Arab Spring

The Arab Spring was a wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010-2011 that challenged authoritarian regimes. It began with the successful toppling of regimes in Tunisia and Egypt, inspiring similar protests elsewhere. While some countries saw leadership changes, others like Bahrain and Syria experienced violent crackdowns and long civil wars. The uprisings had lasting impacts but also divisions over foreign intervention.

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13 views10 pages

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring was a wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010-2011 that challenged authoritarian regimes. It began with the successful toppling of regimes in Tunisia and Egypt, inspiring similar protests elsewhere. While some countries saw leadership changes, others like Bahrain and Syria experienced violent crackdowns and long civil wars. The uprisings had lasting impacts but also divisions over foreign intervention.

Uploaded by

aliya fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arab Spring

What is the Arab Spring, and how did it


started?
• Arab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and
uprisings that took place in the Middle East
and North Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011,
challenging some of the region’s entrenched
authoritarian regimes. The wave began when
protests in Tunisia and Egypt toppled their regimes in
quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other
Arab countries.
Cont.…
• Not every country saw success in the protest
movement.
• Arab Spring in individual
countries, see Jasmine Revolution(Tunisia),
• Egypt Uprising of 2011, Yemen Uprising of
2011–12, Libya Revolt of 2011, and Syrian
Civil War.
The Tunisian (Jasmine Revolution )
• Ten years ago, revolts spread like wildfire across the Arab
world, spurring events that changed the region.
• On December 17, 2010, a young Tunisian who sold vegetables
from a barrow set himself afire to protest against police
harassment.
• Mohamed Bouazizi died on January 4, 2011, but not before
his gesture went viral, sparking protests against the cost of
living and the country’s authoritarian President Zine El
Abidine Ben Ali.
• Ben Ali’s 23-year-rule ended 10 days later when he fled to
Saudi Arabia, becoming the first leader of an Arab nation to
be pushed out by popular protests.
Egypt’s Uprising
• On January 25, 2011, thousands of Egyptians marched in
Cairo, Alexandria and other cities, demanding the departure of
President Hosni Mubarak, who had been in power for 30
years.
• Government failed to control protests by offering concessions
while cracking down violently against protesters.
• On February 11, as more than a million took to the streets,
Mubarak resigned and handed control to the military.
• The Muslim Brotherhood-linked government of Mohammed
Morsi was elected in 2012, but was overthrown the following
year by the military led by the general, now president, Abdel
Fattah el-Sisi.
Yemen Uprising of 2011
• In Yemen, where the first protests appeared in late January 2011,
Pres. Ali Abdullah Saleh’s base of support was damaged when a
number of the country’s most powerful tribal and military leaders
aligned themselves with the pro-democracy protesters calling for
him to step down.
• Saleh was injured in clash between loyalist’s & opposition in
Sanaa.
• He came 4 month later to Yemen but was unable to control the
situation.
• Transfer of power to the vice president, Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi.
• Hadi’s government faced armed confrontation and rebellion that
in 2014 devolved into a civil war
Bahrain
• Mass protests demanding political and economic reforms erupted in
Bahrain in mid-February 2011, led by Bahraini human rights activists and
members of Bahrain’s marginalized Shiʿi majority.
• Protests were violently suppressed by Bahraini security forces, aided by a
Gulf Cooperation Council security force that entered the country in March.
• Mass protest movement had been stifled. In the aftermath of the
protests, dozens of accused protest leaders were convicted of
antigovernment activity and imprisoned.
• Independent investigation into the uprising, commissioned by the
Bahraini government, concluded that the government had used excessive
force and torture against protesters.
LIBYA Revolt
• The same day the Bahrain protests started, the Libyan
police used force to break up a sit-in against the
government in the second city, Benghazi.
• The country’s leader Muammar Gaddafi pledged to
hunt down the “rats” opposing him.
• The uprising turned into a civil war with French, British
and American air forces intervening against Gaddafi.
• On October 20, 2011, Gaddafi was captured and killed
in his home region of Sirte by rebels who found him
hiding in a storm drain.
Syrian Civil War
• In Syria protests calling for the resignation of Pres. Bashar al-
Assad broke out in southern Syria in mid-March 2011 and
spread through the country. The Assad regime responded
with a brutal crackdown against protesters, drawing
condemnation from international leaders and human rights
groups
• Syria’s war also contributed to the rise of the (ISIS) group and
renewed conflict in neighboring Iraq, culminating in a
genocidal attack on minorities in the north of the country.
Cont.….
• Russia, who with Iran is al-Assad’s biggest ally, started air
attacks against Syrian rebels on September 30, 2015, changing
the course of the war.
• Divisions in the international community made it unlikely that
international military intervention, which had proved decisive
in Libya, would be possible in Syria.
• Russia and China vetoed UN Security Council resolutions meant
to pressure the Assad regime in October 2011 and February
2012 and vowed to oppose any measure that would lead to
foreign intervention in Syria or Assad’s removal from power.
• After 10 years of fighting, which left 380,000 dead, al-Assad
was able to claim significant victories.

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