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PFD201 - Chapter 2

This document discusses different types of cameras and lenses. It begins by explaining the basic components of a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, including ISO, shutter speed, and aperture. It then describes various types of cameras such as film cameras, point-and-shoot cameras, and panoramic cameras. The document also covers the different types of lenses including kit lenses, prime lenses, wide angle lenses, macro lenses, and telephoto lenses. It provides examples of how shutter speed, aperture, and ISO work together to control the camera's exposure.

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92 views68 pages

PFD201 - Chapter 2

This document discusses different types of cameras and lenses. It begins by explaining the basic components of a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, including ISO, shutter speed, and aperture. It then describes various types of cameras such as film cameras, point-and-shoot cameras, and panoramic cameras. The document also covers the different types of lenses including kit lenses, prime lenses, wide angle lenses, macro lenses, and telephoto lenses. It provides examples of how shutter speed, aperture, and ISO work together to control the camera's exposure.

Uploaded by

Việt Anh Trần
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHOTOGRAPHY FOR

DESIGNER
PFD 201
Chapter 2
CAMERA & LENS
Content
• How a Camera works
• Type of Camera
• Photography Mode in DSLR
• ISO
• Shutter Speed
• Aperture
• Lens Basics
Type of CAMERA

• FILM CAMERAS
• DIGITAL CAMERAS
Type of FILM CAMERAS

Range-Finder Cameras

View Cameras
Digital CAMERAS
Panoramic Cameras
Point and Shoot Cameras

Instant Cameras

Type of FILM CAMERAS TLR Cameras – Twin Lens Reflex


MOUNT & UNMOUNT YOUR LENS
HOLD YOUR CAMERA
IMAGE QUALITY
Photography Modes in a DSLR
18
19
20
21
22
23
Shutter Aperture ISO

P Auto Auto Auto/Manual

Tv Manual Auto Auto/Manual

Av Auto Manual Auto/Manual

M Manual Manual Auto/Manual


Basic Camera Control
Exposure Volume

Shutter Speed

Aperture
ISO

-2EV . . -1EV . . 0 . . +1EV . . +2EV


ISO
ISO

ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400


What is noise?
Noise refers to the spots that appear on an image captured at a high ISO speed. There
is a need to amplify the electrical signals in order to raise the ISO speed, and noise
signals are generated during the process. Noise is an inherent characteristic of digital
cameras, and the acceptable degree varies across individuals.
SHUTTER SPEED
Fast Shutter Speed
Aperture-priority AE (f/5.6, 1/4000 sec.)
At the speed of 1/4000 second, both the
movement of the players as well as that
of the sand in the air appears frozen.

Slow Shutter Speed


Shutter-priority AE (f/8, 2 sec.)
In this example, the shutter is left
open for two seconds. Long trails
are created by the headlight and
taillight of the cars.
Changes in Photo Expression with Shutter Speed
From the examples below, we can tell that the length of the shutter speed greatly affects the impression of a
photo. The waterfall appears dynamic when it is captured at a fast shutter speed (sample photo below taken
at 1/400 sec.), while motion blur that occurs at a slow shutter speed creates a peaceful atmosphere (sample
photo below taken at 0.5 sec.).

You can control how you want


to express the motion of a
moving subject with shutter
speed. A fast shutter speed has
the effect of freezing motion,
while a slow shutter speed can
be made use of to express
movement by creating motion
blur in the subject.

At 1/400 sec. At 0.5 sec.


Combine a fast shutter speed with the continuous shooting mode

A fast shutter speed comes in handy when you are capturing an object with vigorous movements. In the
example here, I combined the use of the continuous shooting mode with a fast shutter speed to express the
dynamic movement in a series of continuous shots. The result is intriguing, with continuity seen not only in
the motion of the boat, but also in that of the splashing waves.
APERTURE
Relationship between Aperture Opening & Aperture Value

The f-number is a value that indicates the size of the opening formed by the aperture blades. The
narrower the opening, the larger the f-number. Adjusting this opening is referred to as “opening up the
aperture” or “stopping down the aperture.”
ISO – APERTURE – SHUTTER SPEED
Lens Basics
Understanding Camera Lenses
Lens Basics
Understanding Camera Lenses

A camera lens is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a


camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or
on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
THE FOCAL LENGTH

Focal length is the measurement of distance (in millimeters) between the point of
convergence of your lens and the sensor recording the image.
The focal length range of a lens is expressed by a number, and that number tells you how
much of the scene your camera will be able to capture.
Smaller numbers have a wider angle of view and show more of the scene;
larger numbers have a narrower angle of view and show less.
focal lengths
Lenses with smaller focal
lengths distort the face so it
looks thinner, while those
over 50mm make it more
realistic and wider.
Type of camera lenses

• KIT Lens
• Prime (Fixed) Lens
• Wide Angle Lens
• Fisheye Lens
• Tilt-Shift Lens
• Macro Lens
• Telephoto Lens
KIT - Normal Lens

18-55 IS 18-135 IS 18-200 IS

You may have heard the term “kit lens” before and wondered what, exactly, a kit lens is.
Technically, any lens that is bundled with a camera is called a kit lens.
Prime Lens – Fixed Lens

Prime lenses: Primes have a fixed lens focal length, making them faster and sharper.
Prime lenses are less flexible due to the fixed focal length (20mm, 24mm, 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, 85mm,…)
they are also fast and lightweight, making them easy to travel with
Portrait
Wide Angle Lens

Wide Angle Lenses


Wide angle lenses are ideal for fitting a large area into your frame. This is especially
useful for landscape photography or street photography. With wide angle lenses, almost
everything is in focus, unless your subject is very close to the lens.
Canon 7D-taken-10mm
Canon 5D full frame sensor with a 17mm
lens
• Fisheye lens. A fisheye lens is an ultra-wide-angle lens that can take in a full 180
degree radius around it. Fisheye lenses are so named because they distort an
image’s field of view, making even a room in a house look like a bubble.
Tilt-Shift Lens

Tilt shift lens.


A tilt shift lens distorts perspective...
Macro Lens

This type of camera lens is used to create very close-up, macro photographs. They have a
unique design that allows them to produce sharp images at extremely close range. These
lenses are great for nature photography, enabling you to capture an enormous amount of
detail in one image.
Zoom Lens

Telephoto Lenses - Zoom Lens


Telephoto lenses are a type of zoom lens with multiple focal points. These types of lenses
are great for isolating a subject that is far away.
Many sports photographers / Press Photographers use telephoto lenses to provide a sense of
intimacy with the subjects on the field (the players) while standing on the sidelines or in the
bleachers. There are many different types of telephoto lenses, and some can be quite large,
heavy, and expensive, so take some time in choosing the right telephoto lens.
SUMMARY
Summary

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