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Document Type Definition

A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the structure and elements of an XML document. A DTD specifies elements, attributes, entities and element content that can be used in an XML document. An XML document that adheres to the rules specified in a DTD is considered "valid". DTDs allow different groups to agree on a standard structure for exchanging XML data.

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36 views10 pages

Document Type Definition

A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the structure and elements of an XML document. A DTD specifies elements, attributes, entities and element content that can be used in an XML document. An XML document that adheres to the rules specified in a DTD is considered "valid". DTDs allow different groups to agree on a standard structure for exchanging XML data.

Uploaded by

Jeaneffil Vimalraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DTD

Document Type Definition


XML DTD
• An XML document with correct syntax is called
"Well Formed".
• An XML document validated against a DTD is
both "Well Formed" and "Valid".
• The purpose of a DTD is to define the
structure of an XML document.
The Building Blocks of XML Documents
Seen from a DTD point of view, all XML documents are made up by the following
building blocks:

•Elements
•Attributes
•Entities
•PCDATA
•CDATA
Note.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this
weekend!</body>
</note>
Note.dtd

<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>


<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
The DTD above is interpreted like this:

!DOCTYPE note defines that the root element of the document is note
!ELEMENT note defines that the note element must contain the elements:
"to, from, heading, body"
!ELEMENT to defines the to element to be of type "#PCDATA"
!ELEMENT from defines the from element to be of type "#PCDATA"
!ELEMENT heading defines the heading element to be of type "#PCDATA"
!ELEMENT body defines the body element to be of type "#PCDATA"
#PCDATA means parse-able text data.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE note [
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>

<!ENTITY nbsp "&#xA0;">


<!ENTITY writer "Writer: Donald Duck.">
<!ENTITY copyright "Copyright: W3Schools.">
]>

<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this
weekend!</body>
<footer>&writer;&nbsp;&copyright;</footer>
When to Use a DTD/Schema?

With a DTD, independent groups of people can agree to use a standard DTD for
interchanging data.
With a DTD, you can verify that the data you receive from the outside world is
valid.
You can also use a DTD to verify your own data.
INTERNAL DTD DECLARATION

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE note [
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
]>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend</body>
</note>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this
weekend!</body>
</note>

And here is the file "note.dtd", which contains


the DTD:
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
Declaring Attributes
An attribute declaration has the following syntax:

<!ATTLIST element-name attribute-name attribute-type attribute-value>

DTD example:

<!ATTLIST payment type CDATA "check">

XML example:

<payment type="check" />

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