HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HANDBALL

 Meaning of handball
 Handball also known as team handball, European
handball or Olympic handball.
 It is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six
out court players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands
with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team.
 A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the
team that scores more goals wins.
 It is a popular sport enjoyed by millions of people
worldwide.
 The key aspects of the sport:- dynamic, fast-paced, and
quick changing game play, make for an exciting game to
play and an attractive sport to watch.
 Handball adapts well to different conditions and needs,
creating fun and engaging variations that can be played by
just about anyone anywhere at any time
 Handball originated in Germany at the end of the 19 century.

 It was introduced to the world by a gymnastics master, Kennard

Koch in 1898.

 The modern set of rules was published in 1917 in Germany

 Amateur sport and young sport developed in Europe in 1900-1920

 The 1st International game played after the revival of the game b/n

Germen and Belgium (1925)

 International Amateur handball federation (IAHF) founded in 1928

there was no organization until 1928

•
 In 1928 the international amateur handball federation was formed.
 In 1931 handball was included in the program of the games by the
international Olympic committee.
 This game was first included in the Olympics held in Berlin in
1936 in men and 1976 in women.
 In 1946 International handball federation (IHF) was founded
 Until 1952 outdoor handball played by team of 11 player due to
climate
 At 1973 African handball confederation (CAHB) founded by
Abidjan
 Nature and purpose of handball

 Handball is a game of position and the use of space. Space is

infinite in its possibilities, and so is Handball in its use of space.
 The opponent is secondary to our use of space.
 The map is not the territory and the dimensions of the court are the
map; the infinite space the court provides.
 It is a mosaic and hundreds of aspects complete the mosaic
 It is a chess match and a boxing match, combined, and should
always be approached in such a manner.
 It is a very difficult sport and there are grosser aspects to it
 Overview of different types of Handball
1. Handball :- is played on a rectangular court of 40 x 20 metres.
 The goals at each end are bounded by a goal-area line of 6 metres,
roughly curved, and in which only the team’s goalkeeper can act.
 A player is allowed to hold the ball for up to 3 seconds, to move
holding the ball for a maximum of 3 steps and to dribble until
being stopped.
 The defender may fight for possession of the ball and prevent the
opponent from shooting at the goal as long as the player does not
grab, push or otherwise endanger the opponent’s physical
integrity.
 2. MINI HANDBALL

 It is a tool to teach handball, with rules adapted to make the game

accessible, challenging and enjoyable for children.
 If a change of rule is useful to teach something (technically or
tactically), then, change the rule.
 Five against five on a smaller field is popular, but there are no
limitations to the adaptations that can be made.
 In mini handball, a team consists of four court players and a
goalkeeper (4+1), the game is played as a contact-avoiding
variation of handball, and a team can be made up of boys and girls
 3. BEACH HANDBALL

• Beach handball is played with two timed halves, and each half must
have a winner, similar to winning a set in tennis.
• If the game is tied at the end of regulation, a series of shoot-outs is
played until a winner is found.

4. WHEELCHAIR HANDBALL
 Wheelchair handball was developed to make handball accessible to
people with motor disabilities.
 The rules closely align with those of handball with several key changes,
including a reduced number of players, a smaller goal, rules focused on
pushing, dribbling and passing, safety measures for equipment to
ensure player safety, and the promotion of mixed gender teams.
 5. STREET HANDBALL

 Played with a soft, non-bouncing ball, street handball shares the

philosophy of mini handball: fluid rules, adaptable to include
everyone across gender and ages, and to accommodate on any
open-air field.
 It is usually a four-a-side game, and any player can be goalkeeper.
 All players can attack, playing with numerical advantage (4 vs. 3
plus goalkeeper).
 Teams are not allowed to attempt to score until all its players have
touched the ball, dribbling is not allowed, and physical contact is
strictly forbidden.
 6. SNOW HANDBALL

 The lead of street and beach versions of handball, snow handball

has found a foothold in wintery climes, and is currently the
youngest branch of this popular game.
 It includes many elements of beach handball, and could become
very popular in countries with a lot of snow.
 Terminology and Symbols

I. Terminology

 Attack: The team’s activity that begins with gaining possession of the ball and
ends with losing possession of the ball.
 Attacker: Member of attacking team.

 Break- through: When an attacker penetrates the defence and creates a close-
range shooting opportunity.
 Defence: The team’s activity that begins with losing possession of the ball and
ends with regaining possession of the ball.
 Defender: Member of defending team

 Dribbling/ Bouncing: In handball, attacking players are allowed to repeatedly

hit the top of the ball with their hand whether they are standing in the basic
position or moving up the court.
 Faking: An essential element to all attacking situations is the use of
faking, which includes pass faking, shot faking and body faking.
 Fast break: The fast break is the period immediately after the defence
regains possession of the ball, and includes three phases (waves):
simple fast break, extended fast break, and complete fast break.
 Marking: The most basic form of defence in handball, marking, is a
man-to-man defence that is introduced to small children during
Handball at School and mini handball.
 The use of marking is an important tactical element for children to
learn, as it creates a favourable environment for young players to learn
essential 1v1 playing skills
 Passing:- Throwing the ball to a teammate.

 When the offence gains a high percentage shot by moving through two
defenders.
 Penetration: A technical-tactical element executed in attack by continually moving
forwards and backwards.
 Piston movement: A tactical element where a small group of attacking players
work together using an array of technical-tactical elements to create a high
percentage scoring opportunity by attacking multiple gaps at the same time.
 Pressure play: The basic movement for attacking players, side-stepping, is a lateral
technical footwork movement used to evade defenders.
 Shooting: It has a range of movements and arm positions that vary from situation
to situation, and whether the attacker is attempting a lower percentage through-shot
(past a defender) or a higher percentage break-through (alone against a goalkeeper).
 Stepping out: The basic movement of the defender when
applying pressure to the attacker with or without the ball in
order to prevent goal shooting, to disrupt continuity of the attack
and to intercept passes.
 Strategy: The overall plan to achieve a goal.
 An action a player, group or team takes using a series of
technical elements to achieve desired goals.
 Tactic: A movement created within the limitations of the rules.
 Technique: A scoring attempt from long range that attempts to
go through or over the defensive line.
 Rule of the game
1. Playing Court
 The playing court is a 40 meter long and 20 meter wide
rectangle, consisting of two goal areas and aplaying area.
 The longer boundary lines are called side lines, and the shorter
ones are called goal lines (between the goalposts) or outer goal
lines (on either side of the goal).
 There should be a safety zone surrounding the playing court, with
a width of at least 1 meter along the side lines and 2 meters behind
the goal lines.hb playing court 2.jpg
 A goal is placed in the center of each outer goal line.

 The goals must be firmly attached to the floor or to the walls behind them.

 They have an interior height of 2 meters and a width of 3 meters.

 The goalposts are joined by a horizontal crossbar. The rear side of the
goalposts shall be in line with the rear edge of the goal line.
 The goalposts and the crossbar must have an 8cm square cross section.

 On the three sides which are visible from the court they must be painted in
bands of two contrasting colors, which also contrast clearly with the
background.
 The goals must have a net, that should be attached in such a way that a ball
thrown into the goal normally remains in the goal.hb playing court 2.jpg
 All lines on the court are fully part of the area that they enclose.
 The goal lines shall be 8cm wide between the goalposts whereas all other lines shall be

5cm wide.hb playing court 2.jpg

 Lines between two adjacent areas may be replaced with a difference in colors between

the adjacent areas of the floor.

 The goal area is defined by the goal-area line (6-meter line), which is drawn as follows :

 3 meter long line directly in front of the goal ; this line is parallel to the goal line

and 6 meters away from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front

edge of the goal-area line)

 two quarter circles, each with a radius of 6 meters (measured from the rear inner

corner of the goalposts), connecting the 3 meter long line with the outer goal linehb

playing court 2.jpg

 The free throw line (9-meter line) is a broken line, drawn 3 meters outside the goal-
area line. Both the segments of the line and the spaces between them measure 15cm
 The 7-meter line is a 1 meter long line, directly in front of the goal.

 It is parallel to the goal line and 7 meters away from it (measured from the rear edge of
the goal line to the front edge of the 7-meter line)
 The goalkeeper’s restraining line (the 4-meter line) is a 15cm long line, directly in
front of the goal. It is parallel to the goal line and 4 meters away from it (measured from
the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of the 4-meter line)
 The center line connects the midpoints of the two side lines

 The substitution line (a segment of the side line) for each team extends from the center
line to a point at a distance of 4.5 meters from the center line.
 This end point of the substitution line is enhanced by a line which is parallel to the
center line, extending 15cm inside the sideline and 15cm outside the sidelinehb
playing court 2.jpg
 Playing Time
 Final Signal and Time-Out
Playing Time
 The normal playing time for all teams with players of age 16 and above is 2
halves of 30 minutes. The half-time break is normally 10 minutes.
 The normal playing time for youth teams is 2 x 25 minutes in age group 12-16
and 2 x 20 minutes in age group 8-12. In both cases the half-time break is
normally 10 minutes.
 Overtime is played, following a 5-minute break, if a game is tied at the end of
the regular playing time and a winner has to be determined.
 The overtime period consists of 2 halves of 5 minutes, with a 1-minute half-
time break.
 If the game is again tied after a first overtime period, a second period is played
after a 5-minute break.
 This overtime period also has 2 halves of 5 minutes, with a 1-minute half-time
break. If the game is still tied, the winner will be determined in accordance with
the rules for the particular competition. In the case that the decision is to use 7-
meter-throwing as tie-breaker
 Final Signal

 The playing time begins with the referee’s whistle for the initial throw-
off.
 It ends with the automatic final signal from the public clock or from
the timekeeper.
 If no such signal comes, the referee whistles to indicate that the
playing time is over
 Infractions and unsportsmanlike conduct that take place before or
simultaneous with the final signal(for half time or end of game and
also for the end of the halves in overtime) are to be punished, also if
the resulting free-throw or 7-meter-throw cannot be taken until after
the signal.
 Rule 2:- Time out

 A time-out is obligatory when:

 a 2-minute suspension, disqualification, or exclusion is given ;

 a team time-out is granted;

 there is a whistle signal from the timekeeper or the technical delegate;

 consultations between the referees are necessary

 A time-out is normally also given in certain other situations, depending on the

circumstances
 Infractions during a time-out have the same consequences as infractions
during the playing time
 Each team has the right to receive one 1-minute team timeout in each half of
the regular playing time, but not in overtime.
 Rule 3:-The Ball

 The ball is made of leather or a synthetic material. It must be spherical.

 The surface must not be shiny or slippery (17:3).
 The ball sizes, i.e. the circumference and weight, to be used by different
categories of teams are as follows :
 58-60cm and 425-475g (IHF Size 3) for Men and for Male Youth
(over age 16) ;
 54-56cm and 325-375g (IHF Size 2) for Women, Female Youth
 (over age 14), and Male Youth (age 12 to 16) ;
 50-52cm and 290-330g (IHF Size 1) for Female Youth (age 8 to14)
and Male Youth (age 8 to 12).
 For every game there must be at least two balls available.
 The reserve balls must be immediately available at the
timekeeper’s table during the game.
 The referees decide when to use a reserve ball.
 In such cases, the referees should get the reserve ball into play
quickly in order to minimize interruptions and avoid time-outs.
 Rule 4:-The Team, Substitutions, Equipment, play injury

 A team consists of up to 14 players.

 No more than 7 players may be present on the court at the same time.

 The remaining players are substitutes.

 At all times during the game, the team must have one of the players on the
court designated as a goalkeeper.
 A player who is recognized as a goalkeeper may become a court player at
any time. Similarly, a court player may become a goalkeeper at any time
 A team must have at least 5 players on the court at the start of the game.

 A team is allowed to use a maximum of 4 team officials during the game.

These team officials may not be replaced during the course of the game.
 The game may continue even if a team is reduced to less than 5
players on the court.
 It is for the referees to judge whether and when the game should
be permanently suspended.
 A team official is generally not allowed to enter the court during
the game
 A violation of this rule is to be penalized as unsportsmanlike
conduct and the game is restarted with a free-throw for the
opponents.
 Player Substitutions

 Substitutes:- may enter the court, at any time and repeatedly,

without notifying the timekeeper/scorekeeper, as long as the
players they are replacing have already left the court
 The players involved in the substitution shall always leave and
enter the court over their own team’s substitution line
 These requirements also apply to the substitution of goalkeepers

 Faulty substitution shall be penalized with a 2-minute suspension

for the guilty player. If more than one player from the same team is
guilty of faulty substitution in the same situation, only the first
player committing an infraction is to be penalized.
 The game is restarted with a free- throw for the opponents
• If an additional player enters the court without a substitution, or
if a player illegally interferes with the game from the substitution
area, there shall be a 2-minute suspension for the player.
• If a player enters the court while serving a 2-minute suspension,
he shall be given an additional 2-minute suspension
• The game is in both cases restarted with a free-throw for the
opponents
 Equipment

 All the court players :-on a team must wear identical uniforms.

 The combinations of colors and design for the two teams must be clearly

distinguishable from each other.

 All players used in the goalkeeper position on a team must wear the same color, a

color that distinguishes them from the court players of both teams and the

goalkeeper(s) of the opposing team

 The players must wear numbers that are at least 20 cm high in the back of the shirt

and at least 10cm in the front.

 The numbers used should be from 1 to 20. A player who is switching between the

court player and goalkeeper positions must wear the same number in both positions.

 The color of the numbers must contrast clearly with the colors and design of the shirt.

 The players must wear sports shoes.

 A player who is bleeding or has blood on the body or uniform
must leave the court immediately and voluntarily (through a
normal substitution), in order to have the bleeding stopped, the
wound covered, and the body and uniform cleaned off.
 The player must not return to the court until this has been done.
Rule 5:-The Goalkeeper

 The goalkeeper is allowed to :

 Touch the ball with any part of his body while in the act of
defense inside the goal area
 Move with the ball inside the goal area
 Leave the goal area without the ball and participate in the
game in the playing area;
 To leave the goal area with the ball and play it again in the
playing area if he has not managed to control it.
 The goalkeeper is not allowed to :

 Endanger the opponent while in the act of defense

 Leave the goal area with the ball under control;

 Touch the ball when it is stationary or rolling on the

floor outside the goal area, while he is inside the goal
area
 take the ball into the goal area when it is stationary or
rolling on the floor outside the goal area
 Re-enter the goal area from the playing area with the
ball
 Touch the ball with the foot or the leg below the knee, when it
is stationary on the floor in the goal area or moving out
towards the playing area
 Cross the goalkeeper’s restraining line (4-meter line) or its
projection on either side, before the ball has left the hand of the
opponent who is executing a 7-meter throw
 Touch the ball with the foot or the leg below the knee, when it
is moving out towards the playing.
 cross the goalkeeper’s restraining line (4-meter line) or its
projection on either side, before the ball has left the hand of the
opponent who is executing a 7-meter throw.
 Rule 6:-The Goal Area

 Only the goalkeeper is allowed to enter the goal area

 The goal area, which includes the goal-area line, is considered entered when a
court player touches it with any part of the body.

 When a court player enters the goal area, the decisions shall be as follows :

i. goalkeeper-throw when a player of the team in possession enters the

goal area in possession of the ball or enters without the ball but gains
an advantage by doing so

ii. free-throw when a court player of the defending team enters the goal
area and gains an advantage, but without destroying a chance of
scoring

iii. 7-meter throw when a court player of the defending team enters the
goal area and because of this destroys a clear chance of scoring
 Entering the goal area is not penalized when:
 a player enters the goal area after playing the ball, as long
as this does not create a disadvantage for the opponents;
a player from one of the teams enters the goal area without
the ball and does not gain an advantage by doing so;
 The ball is considered to be ‘out of play’ when the goalkeeper
controls the ball with his hands in the goal area
 The ball must be put back into play through a goalkeeper-throw
 The ball remains in play, while it is rolling on the floor inside the
goal area.
 Play shall continue through a goalkeeper-throw if a player of the
defending team touches the ball when in the act of defense, and the
ball is caught by the goalkeeper or comes to rest in the goal area.
 If a player plays the ball into his own goal area, the decisions shall
be as follows:
 Goal if the ball enters the goal;

 Free-throw if the ball comes to a rest in the goal area, or if the

goalkeeper touches the ball and it does not enter the goal
 Throw-in if the ball goes out over the outer goal line

 Play continues if the ball passes through the goal area back
into the playing area, without being touched by the
goalkeeper.
 Rule 7:Playing the Ball, Passive Play

I. Playing the Ball

 It is permitted to :
 Throw, catch, stop, push or hit the ball, by using hands (open or closed),
arms, head, torso, thighs, and knees;
 Hold the ball for a maximum of 3 seconds, also when it is Iying on the floor
 Take a maximum of 3 steps with the ball one step is considered taken when:
a) a player who is standing with both feet on the floor lifts one foot and
puts it down again, or moves one foot from one place to another;
b) a player is touching the floor with one foot only, catches the ball and
then touches the floor with the other foot;
c) a player after a jump touches the floor with one foot only, and then
hops on the same foot or touches the floor with the other foot;
d) a player after a jump touches the floor with both feet simultaneously,
and then lifts one foot and puts it down again, or moves one foot
from one place to another.
 while standing or running:

a) bounce the ball once and catch it again with one or both
hands
b) bounce the ball repeatedly with one hand (dribble), and
then catch it or pick it up again with one or both hands;
c) roll the ball on the floor repeatedly with one hand, and
then catch it or pick it up again with one or both hands.
 Move the ball from one hand into the other one;
 Play the ball while kneeling, sitting or lying on the floor;
 Passive Play

 It is not permitted to keep the ball in the team’s possession without

making any recognizable attempt to attack or to shoot on goal.
 Similarly, it is not allowed to delay repeatedly the execution of a throw-
off, free-throw, throw-in, or goalkeeper-throw for one’s own team
 When a tendency to passive play is recognized, the forewarning signal

 This gives the team in possession of the ball the opportunity to change its
way of attacking in order to avoid losing possession.
 If the way of attacking does not change after the forewarning signal has
been shown, or no shot on goal is taken, then a free-throw is called
against the team in possession .
 It is not permitted to :
a) pull or hit the ball out of the hands of an opponent;
b) block or force away an opponent with arms, hands or legs;
c) restrain or hold (body or uniform), push, run or jump into
an opponent;
d) endanger an opponent (with or without the ball).
 Rule 8: Fouls and Unsportsmanlike Conduct

 It is permitted to :

a) use arms and hands to block or gain possession of the ball;

b) use an open hand to play the ball away from the opponent
from any direction;
c) use the body to obstruct an opponent, even when the opponent
is not in possession of the ball;
d) make body contact with an opponent, when facing him and
with bent arms, and maintain this contact in order to monitor
and follow the opponent.
 It is not permitted:
 To pull or hit the ball out of the hands of the opponent;
 To block the opponent with arms, hand, legs, or to use any part
of the body to displace him or push him away; this includes a
dangerous use of the elbow, both as a starting position and in
motion;
 To hold an opponent (body or uniform), even if he remains free
to continue the play;
 Run into or jump into an opponent;
 Fouls that warrant a personal punishment

 Fouls, where the action is mainly or exclusively aimed at the bod of the

opponent, must lead to a personal punishment.

 This mean that, in addition to a free-throw or 7-meter-throw, at least the

foul is to be punished progressively, beginning with a warning then with 2-

minute suspension

 For more severe fouls, there are 3 further levels of punishment on the basis

of the following decision-making criteria:

o Fouls that are to be punished with an immediate 2-minut suspension

o Fouls that are to be punished with disqualification

o Fouls that are to be punished with disqualification and a written report

is required .
 Decision-making criteria
 For the judgment as to which personal punishments are
appropriate For specific fouls, the following decision making
criteria apply
a. the position of the player who commits the foul (frontal
position, from the side, or from behind);
b. the part of the body against which the illegal action is aimed
(torso, shooting arm, legs, head/throat/neck);
c. the dynamics of the illegal action (the intensity of the illegal
body contact, and/or a foul where the opponent is in full
motion);
d. the effect of the illegal action:
 The impact on the body and ball control
 The reduction or prevention of the ability to move
 The prevention of the continuation of the game
 Fouls that warrant an immediate 2-minute suspension

a. fouls that are committed with high intensity or against an

opponent who is running fast;
b. holding on to the opponent for a long time, or pulling him
down;
c. fouls against the head, throat or neck;
d. hard hitting against the torso or throwing arm;
e. attempting to make the opponent lose body control
grabbing the leg/foot of an opponent who is jumping
f. running or jumping with great speed into an opponent.
 Fouls that warrant a disqualification
 The following decision making criteria also apply:

a. The actual loss of body control while running or jumping,

or during a throwing action;
b. a particularly aggressive action against a part of the body
of the opponent, especially face, throat or neck; (the
intensity of the body contact);
c. The reckless attitude demonstrated by the guilty player
when committing the foul.
d. gains possession of the ball, but in his movement causes a
collision with the opponent;
e. cannot reach or control the ball, but causes a collision with
the opponent;
 Unsportsmanlike conduct that warrants a personal punishment
 For the punishment of unsportsmanlike, seriously
unsportsmanlike, and extremely unsportsmanlike conduct, a
difference is made between 4 levels of actions:
 Actions that are to punished progressively
 Actions that are to be punished with a direct 2-minute
suspension
 Actions that are to be punished with disqualification
 Actions that are to be punished with a disqualification and a
written report
 Unsportsmanlike conduct that warrants progressive punishment
a. protests against referee decisions, or verbal and non-verbal
actions intended to cause a specific referee decision
b. harassing an opponent or teammate through words or
gestures, or shouting at an opponent in order to cause
distraction;
c. delaying the execution of a formal throw for the
opponents, by not respecting the 3-meter distance or in
some other way;
d. through ‘theater’, trying to mislead the referees regarding
the actions of an opponent or exaggerating the impact of an
action, in order to provoke a time-out or an undeserved
punishment for an opponent;
e. actively blocking a shot or pass by using a foot or lower
leg; Pure reflex motions e.g moving the les together are not
be punished.
f. repeated entering of the goal area for tactical reasons;
 Unsportsmanlike conduct warranting an immediate 2-minute
suspension
a. protests involving loudness with forceful gestures, or
provocative
behavior;
b. when there is a decision against a team in possession, and the
player with the ball does not immediately make it available to
the
opponents by dropping it or putting it down on the floor
c. blocking the access to a ball that went into the substitution area
 . Serious unsportsmanlike conduct warranting a disqualification
 The following are examples of such conduct:
a. throwing or hitting the ball away in a demonstrative manner, after
a decision by the referees;
b. if a goalkeeper demonstratively refrains from trying to stop a 7-
meterthrow;
c. deliberately throwing the ball at an opponent during a stoppage in
the game; if it is done with a lot of force and from very short
distance, it is more appropriately regarded as a ‘particularly
reckless action’
d. when a 7-m shooter hits the goalkeeper’s head, if the goalkeeper
is not moving his head in the direction of the ball;
e. when a free-throw shooter hits a defender’s head, if the defender
is not moving his head in the direction of the ball;
f. an act of revenge after having been fouled
• Disqualification due to extremely unsportsmanlike conduct also to be
reported in writing

a. Insulting or threatening behavior directed at another person, e.g.,

Referee, timekeeper/scorekeeper, delegate, team official, payer,
spectator, the behavior may be in verbal or non verbal form (e.g., facial
expression, gestures, body language or body contact)

b. The interference by team official in the game, on the playing court or

from the substitution area, or (II) a player destroying a clear chance of
scoring, either through an illegal entry on the court

c. if during the last minute of a game the ball is out of play, and
a player or team official prevents or delay the execution throw
for the opponents
 Rule 9:- Scoring

 A goal is scored when the entire ball has completely crossed the
goal line provided that no violation of the rules has been
committed by the thrower, a teammate or a team official before
or during the throw.
 The goal line referee confirms with two short whistle signals
and hand signal that a goal has been scored.
 A goal shall be awarded if there is a violation of the rules by a
defender but the ball still goes into the goal.
 A goal cannot be awarded if a referee or the timekeeper has
interrupted the game before the ball has completely crossed the
goal line.
 A goal shall be awarded to the opponents if a player plays the
ball into his own goal, except in the situation where a
goalkeeper is executing a goalkeeper-throw
 Rule 10:- The Throw-Off
 At the start of the game, the throw-off is taken by the team that wins the coin toss
and elects to start with the ball in its possession.

 The opponents then have the right to choose ends. Alternatively, if the team
that wins the coin toss prefers to choose ends, then the opponents take the
throw-off.

 After a goal has been scored play is resumed with a throw-off taken by the team
that conceded the goal

 The throw-off is taken in any direction from the center of the court (with a
tolerance sideways of about 1.5 meters). It is preceded by a whistle signal,
following which it must be taken within 3 seconds

 For the throw-off at the start of each half (incl. any period of overtime), all
players must be in their own half of the court.
Rule 11:-The Throw-In
 A throw-in is awarded when the ball has completely crossed the
side line, or when a court player on the defending team was the last
one to touch the ball before it crossed his team’s outer goal line.
 It is also awarded when the ball has touched the ceiling or a fixture
above the court.
 The throw-in is taken without whistle signal from the referees by
the opponents of the team whose player last touched the ball before
it crossed the line or touched the ceiling of fixture.
 The throw-in is taken without whistle signal from the referees by
the opponents of the team whose player last touched the ball before
it crossed the line or touched the ceiling or fixture.
 The thrower must stand with a foot on the side line and remain in a
correct position until the ball has left his hand
 While the throw-in is being taken, the opponents may not be closer
than 3 meters to the thrower
 Rule 12:- The Goalkeeper-Throw
 A goalkeeper-throw is awarded when:

i. a player of the opposing team has entered the goal area in

violation of

ii. The goalkeeper has controlled the ball in the goal area or the ball is
stationary on the floor in the goal area

iii. a player of the opposing team has touched the ball when it is
rolling or stationary on the floor in the goal area or

iv. when the ball has crossed the outer goal line, after having been
touched last by the goalkeeper or a player of the opposing team.
 The goalkeeper-throw is taken by the goalkeeper without whistle
signal from the referee from the goal area out over the goal area line.
 Rule 13:- Free-Throw
 Free-Throw Decision
 In principle, the referees interrupt the game and have it
restarted with a free-throw for the opponents when:
a) the team in possession of the ball commits a violation of rules
that must lead to a loss of possession
b) the opponents commit a violation of rules that causes the team
in possession of the ball to lose it
 The referees should allow continuity in the game by refraining
from interrupting the game prematurely with a free-throw
decision.
 Free-Throw Execution
 The free-throw is normally taken without any whistle signal from
the referee
 Players of the throwing team must not touch or cross the free-
throw line of the opponents before the free-throw has been taken
 When a free throw is being taken, the opponents must remain at
a distance of at least 3 meters from the thrower
 Rule 14:- The 7-Meter Throw

• 7-Meter Decision
 A 7-meter throw is awarded when:

a. a clear chance of scoring is illegally destroyed anywhere on the

court by a player or a team official of the opposing team;
b. there is an unwarranted whistle signal at the time of a clear
chance of scoring;
c. a clear chance of scoring is destroyed through the interference
of someone not participating in the game, for instance a
spectator entering the court or stopping the players through a
whistle signal
  7-Meter Execution
• The 7-meter throw is to be taken as a shot on goal, within 3
seconds after a whistle signal from the referee
• The player who is taking the 7-meter throw must take up a position
behind the 7-meter line, not further away than 1 meter behind the
line
• The ball must not be played again by the thrower or a teammate
following the execution of a 7-meter throw, until it has touched an
opponent or the goal
• When a 7-meter throw is being executed, the teammates of the
thrower must position themselves outside the free-throw line, and
remain there until the ball has left the thrower’s hand
• When a 7-meter throw is being executed, the players of the
opposing team must remain outside the free-throw line and at least
3 meters away from the 7-meter line,
• The 7-meter throw is to be retaken, unless a goal is scored, if the
goalkeeper crosses his restraining line,
• It is not permitted to change goalkeepers once the thrower is ready
to take the 7-meter throw, standing in the correct position with the
ball in hand
• Any attempt to make a substitution in this situation is to be
penalized as unsportsmanlike conduct
 Rule 15:- General ,instructions for execution of the
Throws (Throw-Off, Throw-In, Goalkeeper Throw, Free-Throw and7-MeterThrow

 The thrower
 Prior to the execution, the thrower must be in the correct position
prescribed for the throw. The ball must be in the hand of the
thrower
 During the execution, except in the case of the goalkeeper-throw,
the thrower must have one part of a foot in constant contact with
the floor until the ball is released
 A throw is considered taken when the ball has left the hand of the
thrower. The thrower must not touch the ball again until it has
touched another player or the goal
 A goal may be scored directly from any throw, except that a direct
‘own goal’ cannot be scored through a goalkeeper-throw (i.e., by
dropping the ball into one’s own goal).
 The Teammates of the Thrower
 The teammates must take up the positions prescribed for the throw in question
 The players must remain in correct positions until the ball has left the hand of the
thrower,
 The ball must not be touched by, or handed over to, a teammate during the
execution
 The Defending Players
 The defending players must take up the positions prescribed for the throw and
remain in correct position until the ball has left the hand of the thrower
 Incorrect positions on the part of the defending players in connection with the
execution of a throw-off, throw-in, or free-throw must not be corrected by the
referees if the attacking players are not at a disadvantage by taking the throw
immediately. If there is a disadvantage, then the positions are to be corrected.
Whistle Signal for the Restart

 The referee must blow the whistle for the restart:

a. always in the case of a throw-off (10:3) or 7-meter

throw (14:4);
b. in the case of a throw-in, goalkeeper-throw or free-
throw :
 for a restart after a time-out;
 for a restart with a free-throw under Rule 13:4;
 when there has been a delay in the execution;
 after a correction of the player positions;
 after a verbal caution or a warning.
Rule 16:- The Punishments

 Warning

 A warning can be given for :

a. fouls and similar infractions against an opponent (5:5 and 8:2), which
do not fall under the category of punished progressively

b. such fouls which are to be punished progressively

c. unsportsmanlike conduct by a player or team official Clarification

 Comment :
• An individual player should not be given more than one warning, and a team
should not be given more than 3 warnings; thereafter, the punishment should be
at least a 2-minute suspension;
• A player who has already had a 2-minute suspension should not subsequently
be given a warning.
• No more than one warning in total should be given to the officials of a team.
 Suspension
 A suspension (2 minutes) shall be given :
a. for a faulty substitution, if an additional player enters the court, or
if a player illegally interferes with the game from the substitution
area
b. for repeated fouls of the type that they are to be punished
progressively
c. for repeated unsportsmanlike conduct by a player, on the court or
outside the court
d. for unsportsmanlike conduct by any one of the officials of a team,
after one of them has previously received a warning
e. for unsportsmanlike conduct of a type that is judged to warrant a
2-minute suspension on each occasion
f. as a consequence of a disqualification of a player or team official
g. for unsportsmanlike conduct by a player before the game has been
restarted, after he has just been given a 2-minute suspension
 Exclusion

 An exclusion shall be given :

• when a player is guilty of an assault (as defined under 8:7)

during the playing time or outside the playing court.
• After calling a time-out, the referees shall clearly indicate the exclusion
to the guilty player and to the timekeeper/scorekeeper, through the
prescribed hand signal, i.e. the referee crosses his arms above his head
• Exclusion is always for the entire remainder of the playing time, and
the team must continue with one player less on the court.
• If a player who receives an exclusion was already serving (or had just
received) a 2-minute suspension, or had caused a 2-minute reduction in
team strength
 Disqualification

 A disqualification shall be given :

a. for unsportsmanlike conduct by any one of the officials of
a team, after they have previously received both a warning
and a 2-minute suspension two times per playing time
b.for fouls which endanger the opponent’s health
c.for seriously unsportsmanlike conduct by a player or a
team official, on or outside the court and for the special
case of significant or repeated unsportsmanlike conduct
during a tie-breaker such as 7-meter throwing
d.for an assault by a player before the game or during a tie-
breaking procedure
e. for an assault by a team official
f. because of a third suspension to the same player
 The Referees

 Two referees with equal authority shall be in charge of each game.

They are assisted by a timekeeper and a scorekeeper.
 The referees monitor the conduct of the players and team officials
from the moment they enter the premises until they leave.
 The referees are responsible for inspecting the playing court, the
goals, and the balls before the game starts; they decide which balls
will be used
 The coin toss is undertaken by one of the referees in the presence of
the other referee and the ‘responsible team official’ for each team, or
a team official or player on behalf of the ‘responsible team official’.
 In principle, the entire game shall be conducted by the same
referees.
 If both referees whistle for an infraction and agree about which
team should be penalized but have different opinions as to the
severity of the punishment, then the most severe of the two
punishments shall be given.
 Both referees are responsible for keeping the score.
 The referees are responsible for ensuring after the game that the
score sheet is completed correctly.
 The referees have the right to suspend a game temporarily or
permanently.
 The Timekeeper and the Scorekeeper

 In principle, the timekeeper has the main responsibility for the

playing time, the time-outs, and the suspension time of suspended
players.
 The scorekeeper has the main responsibility for the team rosters,
the score sheet, the entering of players who arrive after the game
has started, and the entering of players who are not entitled to
participate.
 If there is no public scoreboard clock available, then the
timekeeper must keep the «responsible team official» for each
team informed about how much time has been played or how
much time is left, especially following time-outs.
 If there is no scoreboard clock with automatic signal available, the
timekeeper assumes the responsibility for giving the final signal at
half-time and at the end of the game
 Chapter Two
Basic Techniques of Handball
 Without the ball
 Basic stance/footwork
 Techniques with the ball
 Ball handling
 With one and two hand
 Catching the ball
 In basic position
 2. Various Catching Methods
• In handball there are the following methods of catching the
ball:
– upper

– half-upper

– lower

– in midair

– after bounce

– from the ground

– with the help of the other hand

– ”putting down” a ball

 Fundamental Techniques of handball
• Generally, fundamental skills are basic skills which are
classified in to two groups: movement with the ball and
movement without the ball.
 movement without the ball, the techniques such as basic
stance (crouch position), sliding , running, jumping, and
stopping, pivoting, feinting (fake), and
screening(guarding).
 movement with the ball, skills such as ball handling,
passing, receiving dribbling and shooting.
A. Passing

• A pass is a method of moving the ball between players. Most

passes are accompanied by a step forward to increase power
and are followed through with the hands to ensure accuracy.
• Types of Passes

 There are two types of passes:

• Air Pass - The pass travels between players without hitting
the floor.
• Bounce Pass - The pass is thrown to the floor so that it
bounces to the intended receiver
• -Each type of pass comes with its own variations.
 A. Air Pass
 Types of air passes
• 1. Chest Pass/push pass

 The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to the

receiver's chest. A proper chest pass involves an outward
snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the defense
little time to react.
 The chest pass is used only when you have a clear path to
the receiver.
 The ball is held close to the chest; keep your elbows close
to your body - no "chicken wings".
 Overhead Pass
• The overhead pass is used to pass the ball over a defender.
• The ball is released while over the passer's head.
• The over head pass is useful when closely guarded, especially if
you are taller than your opponent.
• Hold the ball with both hands or one hands.
 3. Baseball Pass
 A baseball pass is a one-handed pass that uses the same
motion as a baseball throw.
 This is often used to make long passes/fast brakes.

 It occurs after a team gets fastbreak

 The crucial aspect of any good pass is it being difficult to

intercept.
 Good passers can pass the ball with great accuracy and
they know exactly where each of their other teammates
prefers to receive the ball.
 The baseball pass is used when you want to pass longer
distances.
• 1. Ball is up behind the ear with the passing hand behind the ball
and the other hand on the front or side of the ball.
• 2. Step forward with the opposite foot whilst snapping the wrist
and fully extending the arm.
• 3. Follow through with the wrist.
 Bounce Passes
 The bounce pass is thrown with the same motion however it
is aimed at the floor.
 It should be thrown far enough out that the ball bounces
waist high to the receiver.
 Some say try to throw it 3/4 of the way to the receiver, and
that may be a good reference point to start, but each player
has to experiment how far to throw it so it bounces to the
receiver properly.
 The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the receiver.

 The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the chest pass, but
it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept (kicking the ball
deliberately is a violation).

 Thus, players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments, or to

pass around a defender.
 2. Dribbling

• Basic stance

 Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one

hand, and is a requirement for a player to take steps with the ball.

 To dribble, a player pushes the ball down towards the ground with

the fingertips rather than patting it; this ensures greater control.

 Good dribblers (or "ball handlers") tend to bounce the ball low to

the ground, reducing the distance of travel of the ball from the

floor to the hand, making it more difficult for the defender to

"steal" the ball.

 Good ball handlers frequently dribble behind their backs,
between their legs.
 A skilled player can dribble without watching the ball, using
the dribbling motion or peripheral vision to keep track of the
ball's location.
 By not having to focus on the ball, a player can look for
teammates or scoring opportunities, as well as avoid the
danger of having someone steal the ball away from him/her.
 Types of Dribble
1. Speed dribble (high dribble) 2. Medium dribble 3.
Protection dribble (low dribble)
Speed dribble
• The speed dribble is used when you are running at full speed
down the court with no defender close to you.
• Key points
• Push the ball out in front of you.
Protection dribble
• The protection dribble is used when a defender is close to
you.
shooting
 Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the
ball towards the goal, methods varying with players and
situations.
 Shots are one of the most important elements of handball. They
are vital elements that decide the scores
 Shot in Place
 Leaning Back
 Vertical Jump Shot
 Stride /Jump Shot
 Shot While Falling
 Basic Techniques of Handball

 While moving
 With one hand
 Passing
 Under arm pass
 Wrist pass
 Back hand pass
 Jump pass
 Chest pass
 Chapter Three
Practical Program: Conditioning Methods
1. Endurance and speed
2. Pressure Training
3. Strength and power
4. Circuit training program
5. Mobility/agility
 SKILL RELATED
• Agility refers to the ability to change your entire body position in
space rapidly with accuracy and speed.
• Balance is your ability to maintain equilibrium, or control your body's
position in space.
• Speed is the ability to move your body or parts of your body swiftly.
• Speed is the ability to perform a movement in a short period of time.
• coordination is the ability to use the senses together with body parts
during movement? Using hands and eyes together is called hand-eye
coordination.
• Power is the ability to move the body parts swiftly while applying the
maximum force of the muscles. both speed and muscular strength
• Reaction Time is the ability to reach or respond quickly to what you
hear, see, or feel.
 Health –related
– Muscular endurance: is the ability of muscles to perform or sustain

muscle contraction repeatedly over a period of time.

– Muscular strength: is the ability or capacity of a muscle or muscle

groups to exert force against resistance. It also refers to a muscles ability

to exert maximal force in a single effort

– Flexibility: it is the range of motion at a joint or a serious of joints.

– Body composition: is the percentage of fat in the body relative to the percentage

of all other tissue including bones, muscle, tendon, ligaments, skin and etc…

– Cardiovascular endurance: the ability of the heart, blood vessels, and

respiratory system to supply fuel and oxygen to the muscle and the muscle

utilizes fuel to allow sustained exercise.

 Circuit training program

• highly crucial for the development of strength

endurance with 25-50 repetition.
• If the application is faster it is also good for simply
mobility.
• The duration is 30-50min. If the training program
is intensive 10-15 min interval may applied.
• The effective training is equivalent to training
time minus intervals.
 Brain storming questions
• Run through tires (hoops or ladder). For 30 seconds Agility
• Run as fast as you can weave through cones for 30 seconds Agility
• Use balance board or block. Move to a low level and balance (10 seconds). Move to a medium level
and balance (10 seconds). Move to a high level and balance (10 seconds). 30 second Static (Still)
Balance
• Perform the motion of a baseball pitcher. Go from a balanced knee-up position to a dynamic
motion of the pitch, to a balanced position at the end of the follow-through. Repeat. 30 seconds
(Dynamic)(Moving Balance
• Throw ball against wall and move to try and catch the ball. If possible, use specially made ball that
causes irregular bounce. 30 second Eye-Hand Coordination
• Place soccer ball on ground in front of you. Tap right toe then left toe on top of the ball. Alternate
taps and go as fast as you can. 30 second Eye-Foot Coordination
• Perform short sprints (about 8 yards). As soon as you finish one sprint, sprint back to the starting
line. Repeat for time period. 30 second Speed
• Perform shuttle run between two lines. 30 second Speed
• Perform skipping motion with high knee lifts. 30 second Power
• Perform jumps to an elevated surface (approximately 1–2 feet). Step down and jump again. Repeat
for time period. 30 second Power
• Hold a ball in one hand and drop. Attempt to catch the ball with the same hand just before it hits
the ground. 30 second Reaction Time
• Work with a partner. Both in push-up position facing each other with a bean bag placed between
the two of you. See who can grab the bean bag the fastest. 30 second Reaction Time
 Chapter Four
Basic Techniques of Handball Games

• Small games and tactical games are ideal approaches

for the development of the best possible playing skills
 Skills for handball
– Running
– Passing
– Throwing
– Dribbling
– Jumping
 Defending and attacking
 Receiving/catching
 knowledge of the 6 phases of the game

1. Changing to attack: interception and

break out
2. Organized defense
3. Getting within shooting range
4. Team attack: against organized
defense (including shooting)
5. Movement up the court : (including
passing ball) and
6. Return phase: defense starts
 Goal keeping –basic stance
,
– Diagonal movement
– low saves
– high save
– Starting a fast –break
– Commanding
 The functions of attackers

– Corridor of angle player : they have to do fast break and

counter attack in the first wave. They have an opportunity
to take out or discomfort the corridor defense and create a
suitable position for attacker to shoot at angle.
• Pivot or line player: moving between the connector,
semi central and central defense around 6 meters line
that to make screen or guard system for his friends. He
is the best disturbance for defense, so he must have
good strength and flexibility. He must have a good and
accurate provider, receiver and shooter.
– Connectors they create a better organization and
quick connection with pivot and angle players and
do enter changing between them for better
results. They must master high jump shoot from 9
meter line.
– Play maker or divider: he is the head or the motor
of the team, without him the game will be value
less so he is the best of all coordinator, active
player, master of faint pass, shooter, etc.
 the function of defense

• A. End of corridor defense – they protect the

right and left angle attackers, they are the fast –
break makers.
• B. Semi defense – they protect the right and left
pole attacker. The are long and help for blocking,
they must train fast step taking movements.
• C. Central defense: they are keeping the pivot or
line player and those who are throwing at 9m
 cntd
– d. Frontal defense: protect or keep the one who
create combination or play maker and shoot
directly without jumping around and between
hands, hips and legs in 7,8,9 meters distance
– the above defense function, when it changes to
the attacking function will be
• End defense turns to angle attacker
• Frontal defense turns to pivot or divides or play maker
• Semi and central defense will be to combination maker
or pole left and right distance (out of 9m) shooters.
• Game analysis
• Attacking
A. Pivot
B. Play maker-waving cutting, breaking through
C. 6,9m throw
D. 7m throw
E. Fast break
• Defensive movement
a) Man to man
b) Zone defense
• Goal keeper saving
• 9m air and bounce
• 6m air and bounce
• 7m air and bounce
• Pivot air and bounce
 Cont.…
The phases of attacking against defenses are
A. fast Break
i. Direct (angle)
ii. Indirect()
B. Expansion /enlargement of counter attack
i. Direct 1st 2nd 3rd wave
ii. Combination shot from piv, pm, conn, angle
iii. Creative /constructive high level of tactical and
technical
 cntd
• C. Position –quick return to position
• D. Organization-back and frontal line b/n 6 ,9m’
• 2. Direct fast break is accomplish by one person.
• Indirect fast break is accomplish by two field
attackers.
• First wave is the first direct variant which is
formed by two angle and pivot players around 9
and 6 meter zones.
• What is the difference between fast
break and counter attack?
• An offensive strategy to move the
ball as quickly as possible (fb)
• A tactic employed in response to an
attack (counter attack)