NATIONAL HEALTH

POLICY,PROGRAMS
AND ITS COMPONENT
ABUBAKAR MUSA MUSA
MPH,NIU
MICRO-TEACHING

SUPERVISED BY
Dr.AZRA KHAN
content
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Types and component
a) DOT
b) National aid program
c) National cancer program
d) Universal immunization program
4. Nutrition and major problems(manifestation and prevention)
5. Component of RCH care
6. Examination of water, food adulteration, role of regular exercise and
yoga in prevention and management of various disease
 Introduction to National Health Policy

• National Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions
that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society. it
outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups.

• National Health policy often refers to the health-related content of a policy.

Understood in this sense, there are many categories of health policies,
including public health policy, mental health policy, health care services
policy etc
History of National health policy in India
• National Health Policy 1983
• The policy lays stress on preventive, promotive, public health and
rehabilitation aspects of healthcare.
• The policy stresses the need of establishing comprehensive primary
health care services to reach the population in the remote area of the
country.
• India had its first national health policy in 1983 i.e. 36 years after
independence
NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2002
• A revised health policy for achieving better health care and unmet
goals has been brought out by government of India- National Health
Policy 2002.
• According to this revised policy, government and health professionals
are obligated to render good health care to the society.
• Optimizing the use of health service to a large group rather than a
small group is a foreseen event by the NHP 2002.
NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2017
• NHP-2017 also identifies seven priority areas for improving the
environment for health.
These priority areas needing coordinated action include:
1.The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (clean india)
2.Balanced, healthy diets and regular exercises.
3.Addressing tobacco, alcohol and substance abuse
4.Yatri Suraksha - preventing deaths due to rail and road traffic accidents
5.Nirbhaya Nari -action against gender violence
6.Reduced stress and improved safety in the work place
7.Reducing indoor and outdoor air pollution
Types and component
DOTS
• Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course, as the name suggests this is
in-fact a directly observed treatment, short course of tuberculosis
treatment, DOTS, is a strategy used to guide the treatment of pulmonary
tuberculosis. It was first used in 1980.
• The DOTS strategy was developed by the World Health Organization as
a method of improving the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment
regimens. The strategy is based on the belief that tuberculosis treatment
is better administered by health care providers who can observe the
patient’s treatment adherence and who can offer follow-up and
education if the patient does not adhere to the treatment protocol.
National Aids control program
• The National AIDS Control Program (NACP), launched in 1992, is being implemented as a
comprehensive program for prevention and control of HIV/ AIDS in India. Over time, the
focus has shifted from raising awareness to behavior change, from a national response to a
more decentralized response and to increasing involvement of NGOs and networks of People
living with HIV (PLHIV) Preventing new infections.
• Prevention of Parent to Child transmission
• Providing comprehensive care, support and treatment to eligible PLHIV
• Reducing stigma and discrimination through Greater involvement of PLHA
• Building capacities of NGO and civil society partners especially in states with emerging
epidemics
• Mainstreaming of HIV/ AIDS activities with all key central/state level Ministries/ departments
will be given a high priority and resources of the respective departments will be leveraged.
Social protection and insurance mechanisms for PLHIV will be strengthened.
National cancer program
• India is experiencing a rapid health transition with a rising burden of Non-
Communicable Diseases (NCD) surpassing the burden of Communicable diseases.
The Non-Communicable Diseases is estimated to account for around 60% of all
deaths. Losses due to premature deaths related to heart diseases, stroke and
Diabetes are also projected to increase over the years.
• In order to prevent and control major NCDs, the National Program for Prevention
and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS)
was launched in 2010 with focus on strengthening infrastructure, human resource
development, health promotion, early diagnosis, management and referral.
• To provide services for early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for common
NCDs. Provision has been made under the program to provide free diagnostic
facilities and drugs for patients attending the NCD clinics.
• During the period 2010-2012, the program was implemented in 100 districts. The
program aims to cover the entire country by March 2017.
Universal immunization vaccine
Immunization: A process by which a person becomes protected against a
disease through vaccination.
Program on Immunization was launched in 1978. It was renamed as
Universal Immunization Programme in 1985 when its reach was expanded
beyond urban areas.
In 1992, it became part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program
in 1997 it was included in the ambit of National Reproductive and Child
Health
• Universal Immunization Program (UIP) is one of the largest public health
program targeting close of 2.67 crore newborns and 2.9 crore pregnant
women annually.
• It is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions and largely
responsible for reduction of vaccine preventable under-5 mortality rate.
Nutrition and problem(manifestation and prevention)

• Nutrition is a critical part of health and development. Better nutrition is related to

improved infant, child and maternal health, stronger immune systems, safer
pregnancy and childbirth, lower risk of non-communicable diseases and longevity.
• Healthy children learn better. People with adequate nutrition are more productive
and can create opportunities to gradually break the cycles of poverty and hunger.
•
Primary Nutritional Deficiency
This deficiency majorly occurs when an individual is facing a lack of some specific
essential nutrients. This condition can get resolved through the intake of proper foods
or supplements for providing the nutrients.
• Secondary Nutritional Deficiency
Secondary deficiencies take place because of limited nutrient absorption due to the
presence of a medical illness.
 Common Nutritional Problems in India

• Vitamin D-related Nutritional Problems

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for maintaining bone health. It is also
known to be responsible for the prevention of certain types of cancers.
• Protein-related Nutritional Problems
Proteins are considered the body’s building blocks. These nutrients are
essential when it comes to maintaining muscle mass. Protein-energy
under nutrition, kwashiorkor.
• Iron-related Nutritional Problems
Iron is a vital micronutrient essential for several body functions like
cognitive function, oxygen transport, immune function, differentiation
and growth of cells, physical and mental growth
 Policies on nutrition
• National Vitamin A Prophylaxis Program, 1970: In 1970, the National
Prophylaxis Program against Nutritional Blindness was launched. It is a
Centre sponsored plan under which covered all children between the ages of
one and three years. This plan sought to administer vitamin A to such children
every six months.
• Special Nutrition Program, 1970: Launched in 1970, this program provides a
gives supplementary feeding of around 300 calories and 10 grams of protein to
preschool children. It also covers nursing mothers and feeds them with 500
calories and 25 grams of protein. It takes place for six days in a week.
• Balwadi Nutrition Program, 1970: The Balwadi Nutrition Program was also
launched in 1970. It is a program that focuses both on healthcare as well as
education. Under this program, the Government of India seeks to supply food
supplements to the Balwadis. It is meant for children who belong to the age
group 3–6 years. It focuses on children of the rural areas and was launched
under the aegis of the Department of Social Welfare.
Cont.
• Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), 1975: It is a program initiated by
the Central Government in India. It is more of a package of integrated services. It
provides food, preschool education, primary healthcare, immunization, health check-
up, and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers. This
program sees implementation at the grass-root levels through Anganwadi workers.
• National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme, 1992: This program
started as the National Goiter Control Programme (NGCP). It was later renamed to
National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) in August
1992. This was to broaden the spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders like mental
and physical retardation, deaf-mutism, cretinism, stillbirths, etc.
• Mid-Day Meal Scheme, 1995: It is a school meal program launched by the
Government of India. It was formulated to ensure better nutrition amongst the
school-going children. It covered all the children of primary schools run by the
government or aided by the government. It allowed such children to receive a fully
prepared mid-day meal.
REPRODUCTIVE CHILD
PROGRAM(RCH)
• To reduce infant mortality rates, maternal mortality rates and provide
quality services to pregnant women and children across India is one of
the primary missions of the National Health Mission.
• The Reproductive and Child Health Program (RCH) was launched in
the country in the year 1997 to enable women to regulate fertility and
to ensure safe pregnancy and childbirth.
• The program was started as per recommendation of the International
Conference on Population and Development held in the year 1994.
 CONT
• Below are objectives of the Reproductive Child Health Programme
• Improve efficiency, quality and coverage of the family wellness services
• Reduction of infant morbidity and mortality
• Promotion of adolescent health
• Reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity
• Control of reproductive tract infection and sexually transmitted infection
• Population stabilization through responsible reproductive behavior
• Ensure safe motherhood and child survival
Reproductive Child Health Components
• Child survival and safe motherhood program
• Management and prevention of STD and AIDS
• Family planning
• Providing information, counseling services on gender difference, sexuality and health
Water examination and act
• The examination of water is also known as water analysis which is
done in a systematic manner to identify the water quality or the
presence of impurities in water. The water analysis or examination is
conducted for various purposes as listed below.
a. To ascertain the quality of water and quantity of various impurities.
b. To verify the treated water quality is as per standard or not.
c. To identify the dose of chlorine, coagulant, etc in treatment plants
d. To prescribe the degree of treatment for the required water quality
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Food Adulteration and act
• Adulteration of food is the process of adding unwanted substances to
the food, with similar appearance for making profits which makes that
food product fails to meet the legal standards. Adulterants are poor
quality products added to food items for economic and technical
benefits, which reduce the value of nutrients
• Food adulteration in India
• Food adulteration is one of the serious challenges in the Indian society.
Despite various measures and penalties, the problem continues to
remain a big challenge for the country.
Types of Adulteration in food
• Intentional Adulteration: Adding adulterants intentionally to increase the
food’s weight and gain more profit. E.g., mixing of stones, sand, chalk
powder, etc.
• Incidental Adulteration: Occurs due to laxity while handling food.E.g.,
residues of pesticides in grains.
• Metallic Adulteration: Accidentally or intentionally adding metallic
materials like lead from water and mercury from effluents.
• Packaging Hazard: Packing materials can also interfere and mix with food
ingredients.
29th September, 1954 An Act to make provision for the prevention of
adulteration of food.This Act may be called the Prevention of Food
Adulteration Act, 1954, It extends to the whole of India .
Yoga practice in prevention and management
of disease
• Yoga is an ancient form of exercise that entails physical postures,
meditation, and deep breathing techniques. It is a spiritual discipline
based on subtle science that focuses on bringing physical and mental
strength into coordination.
• The regular practice of yoga can help prevent non-communicable
diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes and cardiovascular illness,
thereby reducing the need for curative medicine. Yoga also serves as a
stalwart solution to keep chronic back pain, arthritis and other lifestyle
diseases at bay
Exercise in management and prevention of
disease
• Regular physical activity helps improve your overall health, fitness,
and quality of life. It also helps reduce your risk of chronic conditions
like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, many types of cancer, depression
and anxiety, and dementia
• Regular exercise can help you manage symptoms and improve your
health.
• Aerobic exercise can help improve your heart health and endurance
and aid in weight loss. High-intensity interval training is generally
safe and effective for most people and can take less time.
Cont.
• Strength training can improve muscle strength and endurance, make it
easier to do daily activities, slow disease-related declines in muscle
strength, and provide stability to joints.
• Flexibility exercises may help you to have optimal range of motion
about your joints, so they can function best, and stability exercises
may help reduce the risk of falls