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3 - Mesopotamian Architecture

This document provides an overview of Mesopotamian architecture from ancient civilizations like Babylon, Assyria, and Persia. It describes key architectural features of each region that were influenced by geographical, climatic, religious, and social factors. These include ziggurats, palaces, and temples constructed from mudbricks and featuring massive scale, monumentality, and ornate decorations. The document compares architectural elements between the civilizations like walls, columns, doors, and ornamentation.

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142 views25 pages

3 - Mesopotamian Architecture

This document provides an overview of Mesopotamian architecture from ancient civilizations like Babylon, Assyria, and Persia. It describes key architectural features of each region that were influenced by geographical, climatic, religious, and social factors. These include ziggurats, palaces, and temples constructed from mudbricks and featuring massive scale, monumentality, and ornate decorations. The document compares architectural elements between the civilizations like walls, columns, doors, and ornamentation.

Uploaded by

razelrufino8
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MESOPOTAMIAN

ARCHITECTURE

TOWER OF BABEL ISHTAR GATE HANGING GARDEN


A. GEOGRAPHICAL

West Asiatic
Architecture flourished
& developed in the Twin
Rivers
“Tigris & Euphrates”
Also know as
“Mesopotamian” it
refers to
Persia, Assyria &
Babylon
A. GEOGRAPHICAL
West Asiatic
Architecture
flourished &
developed in the
Twin Rivers
“Tigris &
Euphrates”
Also know as
“Mesopotamian” it
refers to
Persia, Assyria &
Babylon
B. GEOLOGICAL

Due to floods & heavy


rains, it resulted in the
conversion of its earthen
into clay to produce
“bricks” in Assyria and
Babylon, due to rare
experience of rain in
Persia, they use timber
and coloured limestone.
C. CLIMATIC INFLUENCE
Mesopotamia experience floods
and heavy rains which have
resulted in the building of
“ Ziggurats ” in Persia, they have
dry & hot climate which resulted
in building open type temples.
D. RELIGIOUS E. SOCIAL & POLITICAL
Mesopotamians were Babylonians among the three
superstitious, believers of were considered extraordinary
symbolism and also because they achieved highest
believers of genies and degree of civilization.
demons. Assyrian and Persian believe
Persian were believers in military superiority thus
of good and evil. They manifested in their bldgs.
believe that good usually
triumphs in the end.
F. HISTORICAL G. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

1. Babylonian Pd. 1. MASSIVENESS


2. Assyrian Pd. 2. MONUMENTALIT
3. Neo -Babylonian Pd. 3. GRANDEUR
4. Persian Pd.

GING GARDEN
ULL HAN
WINGED B
ZIGGURAT
EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURES

HALL OF HUNDRED COLUMNS


EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES
a) BABYLON

1.0 ZIGGURATS or
“Holy Mountains”– chief
bldg. structure , square
or rectangle in plan w/
steeply battered sides
& an open flatform on
top containing the “Fire
Altar “.
THREE TYPES OF ZIGGURATS
a.) Archaic ziggurat – usually
have one flat top
rectangular mound carrying
the upper temple.

Example:
White Temple at Warka
THREE TYPES OF ZIGGURATS

b.) Two or more stages


Ziggurat –rectangular in
plan, design w/ several
tiers or stages.

Examples:
The ziggurat, Nimrod,
Tower of Babel Ziggurat
at Borsippa, seven stage
pyramid dedicated to
seven heavenly planets.
Examples:

Ziggurat at Borsippa (Iraq),

seven stage pyramid dedicated to


seven heavenly planets.

Tower of Babel, Babylon


THREE TYPES OF ZIGGURATS

c.) Seven stages square base


ziggurat

Example:
Palace of Nebuchadnezzar, it has
the “ Hanging Garden of
Babylon”.
THREE TYPES OF ZIGGURATS
c.) Seven stages square
base ziggurat

Example:
Palace of
Nebuchadnezzar, it has
the “ Hanging Garden
of Babylon”.
EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES
a) BABYLON

2.0 CITY OF BABYLON –


with towers & 100 Bronze
Gates.

General view of the 'Hall of a Hundred Columns'

ISHTAR GATE 575 B.C.


EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES
b) ASSYRIA

PALACE OF SARGON,
KHORBAD – entrance portals
flanked with status of headed
winged bulls & lions. It contains
700 rooms.
PALACE OF SARGON, KHORBAD
PALACE OF SARGON,
KHORBAD – entrance
portals flanked with status
of headed winged bulls &
lions. It contains 700
rooms.
EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES
b) ASSYRIA

IMPORTANT PARTS OF
PALACE

1. SERAGLIO – palace proper w/c


includes the kings residence , men’s
apartment & reception courts.

2. HAREM - usually designed w/ a


private family apartments or
women’s quarter.

3. KHAN - or service chambers ,


Khan is a Moslem “ inn”, for
travelers prototype
EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES
c) PERSIA

PALACE FLATFORM PERSEPOLIS-


occupies 1500 and 1000 ft. & is
elevated 40 ft.

It contains the following:


a) Palace of Darius
b) Palace of Xerxes
c) Hypostyle Hall of Xerxes
d) Halls of Hundreds columns
e) Propylaea – entrance to hall design
by Xerxes
PALACE FLATFORM PERSEPOLIS
PALACE FLATFORM
PERSOPOLIS
EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES
c) PERSIA

Steps leading to the eastern portico of


the Apadana of Persepolis Winged bulls with human faces
WINDOWS:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS • Babylonian and Assyrian windows are not in use.
Persian windows are also spanned by lintels.
PLAN:
• Babylonian palaces and temples were built on ROOFS :
artificial flatforms 30’ above the plain. Ziggurat • Generally , roofs are flat externally & also in some
which grows in several tiers had their angles to cases, tunnel vaults and domes are used .
the cardinal points, same with the Assyrians & COLUMNS :
Persians.
• Babylonians & Assyrians have no columns . Persian
WALLS: column features, high moulded base , fluted shafts ,
• Babylonian walls are normally made-up of sun- bracket form of topmost capitals were of “ twin
dried bricks faced w/kiln-burnt bulls “ , “ dragons “ , or sometimes “ human heads “
• Assyrian walls are also made-up of sun-dried
bricks finished w/ polychrome. MOULDINGS:
• Persian walls are also made of bricks & • Babylonian & Assyrian mouldings were of little use.
followed the Assyrian style. Persian adopted mouldngs from the Egyptians.
OPENINGS: ORNAMENTS:
• Babylonian and Assyrian doors are usually • In Assyrian & Persian ornaments they have the
spanned by semi-circular while. Persian doors are monster planking entrance portals mural decoration
spanned by lintels, and used of monster prior to by polychrome bricks of blue , yellow & green with
doorways. low relief stabs.
END.
“For I know the plans I have for you, declares
the Lord, plans for welfare and not for evil, to
give you a future and a hope. “
~ Jeremiah 29:11

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