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Combustion Lec 1

The document discusses various types of energy sources including fossil fuels like petroleum, coal, and natural gas which currently make up 80% of the world's energy supply. It also discusses renewable energy sources like biomass, hydro, wind, and solar. Combustion plays a vital role in energy production and accounts for more than 85% of the energy produced on Earth. However, fossil fuels are finite and combustion produces pollution and greenhouse gases.

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ahmed dawood
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25 views36 pages

Combustion Lec 1

The document discusses various types of energy sources including fossil fuels like petroleum, coal, and natural gas which currently make up 80% of the world's energy supply. It also discusses renewable energy sources like biomass, hydro, wind, and solar. Combustion plays a vital role in energy production and accounts for more than 85% of the energy produced on Earth. However, fossil fuels are finite and combustion produces pollution and greenhouse gases.

Uploaded by

ahmed dawood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Energy

• Energy plays a vital role in our everyday lives


Petroleum

coal
Fossil fuel
natural gas

others

biomass

Energy hydro
Renewable
sources wind

solar

marine
energy
sources.

Nuclear uranium
 Increase in world wide energy consumption from 2008 until 2035: 53%

• Fossil fuels: great share (80%) of the world wide used energy

• Mineral oil remains dominating source of energy


80 per cent of the worlds energy supply’s come from fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are convenient and relatively cheap
Combustion Technology WHY?
Combustion is one of the oldest technology of
Mankind
 Clearing of forest
 Fire for cooking, to heat, to protect from Animals
 Food preparation
 Metal processing
 Weapon technology "Fire weapon„
 Rocket engines
Combustion Technology WHY?
Development of Industry:
 Steam engine
 Power plant
 Process engineering
 Internal engines
 Gas turbines
 Jet propulsion
 Transporting systems (Steam engine, Railway,
Road traffic, Aviation)
• Globally, transportation accounts for 25% of energy
demand and nearly 62% of oil consumed.
• The generation of electricity is the single largest use of
fuel in the world.
• More than 60 % of power generated comes from fossil
fuels.
Combustion Technology WHY?
Modern Combustion Technology for:
 Increase of Efficiency
 Reduction of pollutants
 Noise abatement
 Reduction of size of burning chamber
(important for airplane engines)
Combustion: more than 85 percent of
the energy produced on earth
ENERGY ON EARTH TODAY =COMBUSTION
ENERGY ON EARTH TOMORROW =COMBUSTION

BUT
Fossil Fuels will soon be Exhausted
The source of pollution
The source of pollution

The Green House Effect


Risks of combustion
Army applications
What is Combustion?
"Transformation of chemical bound energy into heat“

”Rapid oxidation generating heat, or both light and heat; also slow
oxidation accompanied by relatively little heat and no light”
Fuel and oxidizer react together
• Oxidizer O2 (Air).
• Explosives and solid rocket propellant contains O2 in
chemical bound
Energy release (exothermic reaction)
Reaction often is very "fast“
Many reaction steps.
Heat and mass transport is significantly involved.
Fuels
• Fuels are those substances which, when heated,
undergo chemical reaction with an oxidizer to
liberate heat.

• Important fuels component are carbon, hydrogen


and their compounds.
• gaseous fuels are natural gas and liquid petroleum
gas.

• Liquid fuels are derived primarily from crude oil.


including gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuels, and fuel
oils.

• solid fuels include wood and other forms of


biomass, peat, lignite, and coal.
Gaseous fuels
Gaseous fuels with the lowest C/H ratio, thus
producing the least green house gas (CO2) per unit
energy output.
Gaseous Fuel
Types of gaseous fuel:
• Fuels naturally found in nature:
- Natural gas
- Methane from coal mines
• Fuel gases made from solid fuel
- Gases derived from coal
- Gases derived from waste and biomass
• Gases made from petroleum
- Liquefied Petroleum gas (LPG)
Gases made from petroleum
Fuel gases made from solid fuel
Biogas
• Biogas is Obtained from animal waste, fruit and
vegetable waste

• Anaerobic digestion in landfills occurs in a series of


stages by bacteria to produce Biogas
Biogas

1: Compost storage, 2: pump, 3: internal heater, 4: digester, 5: combustor, 6–8: power


generators
syngas

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