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Chapter One: Introduction To System Analysis

This document provides an introduction to system analysis and information technology. It discusses why companies use information and defines key terms like information technology, information systems, and system analysts. It describes the components of an information system including hardware, software, data, processes, people, and how businesses use different types of information systems. It also summarizes system development methods, tools, the role of the IT department and systems analysts.

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36 views34 pages

Chapter One: Introduction To System Analysis

This document provides an introduction to system analysis and information technology. It discusses why companies use information and defines key terms like information technology, information systems, and system analysts. It describes the components of an information system including hardware, software, data, processes, people, and how businesses use different types of information systems. It also summarizes system development methods, tools, the role of the IT department and systems analysts.

Uploaded by

jurihu143
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter One

Introduction to System
Analysis
Introduction
• Why do companies use
information?
• Companies use information to
– increase productivity
– deliver quality products and
services,
–
• Information Technology can
mean the difference between
success and failure.
Definition of Information
• What is IT?
Technology
• Information Technology
– Combination of hardware and software products and
services that companies use.
• What do companies do with the information?
– manage,
– access,
– communicate
– share information.
System Analysis and Design:
is step by step process for developing high-quality information
system

Information System:
Combines information technology, people, and data to support
business requirements

System analysts is a person who plan, develop, and maintain


information systems.
Introduction to
Information System Components
• A system:
a set of related components that
produces specific results

• Data:
consists of basic facts that are the
system’s raw material
• Information:
Data that has been transformed into
output that is valuable to users.
Information System Components
• Hardware
– Consists of everything in the physical layer of IS
• E.g., servers, workstations, networks, telecomm. equipment,
scanners.
• Software
– Refers to the programs that control the hardware and
produce the desired information or results.
Types of Software:
– System software:- manages hardware components
Operating system, security software, device drivers, etc.
– Application software:- supports day to day business
functions
Types of Application software
– Enterprise applications
• (company wide applications such as order processing systems,
payroll systems, company communications networks)
• (on a smaller scale, spreadsheets, word processors, database
systems)
– Horizontal systems
• can be adapted for use in many different types of companies
– Vertical systems
• designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business
Information System Components
• Data
– Tables
– Linking
Information System Components
• Processes
– Define the tasks and business functions that users,
managers, and IT staff members perform to
achieve specific results
• People
– Users, or end users, are the people who interact
with an information system, both inside and
outside the company
Understanding The Business
• Business Process Modeling
– represents a company’s operations and
information needs and requires
– Business Profile
• Desribes a company’s overall functions, processes,
products, services, etc.
– Business Models
• Graphical representation of business processes
– Airline reservation, selling a ticket
• To simplify operations we use
• Business process reengineering
(BPR)
Understanding The Business

• Kinds of Companies
– Product-oriented
– Service-oriented
– Internet-dependent
• Dot-com (.com) companies such as Google, Yahoo,
Impact of the Internet
E-Commerce or I-Commerce
– Internet based commerce
– Includes two main sectors:
• B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
– Consumers go online and purchase products and
services
• B2B (Business-to-Business)
– Important to reduce costs
– Allows smaller suppliers to contact large customers
How Business Uses Information
Systems
• In past, IT managers divided systems into
categories based on the user group the
system served
– Office systems
• (for admin staff)
– Operational systems
• (for operational personnel)
– Decision support systems
• (for middle managers)
– Executive information systems
• (for top managers)
• Today, it makes more sense to identify a
system by its functions, rather than by
users
– Enterprise computing systems
– Transaction processing systems
– Business support systems
– Knowledge management systems
– User productivity systems
• Enterprise computing systems
– Support company-wide operations
and data management requirements

• Transaction processing
systems
– Efficient because they process a set
of transaction-related commands as a
group rather than individually
• Customer order processing
• Warranty claim processing
• Business support systems
– Provide job-related information to
users at all levels of a company
• Knowledge management systems
– Called Expert Systems
– Simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge
base and inference rules

• User productivity systems


– Technology that improves productivity
• Email, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, internet.
• Groupware enables users to share data, collaborate, and work
in teams.
IS Users and Their Needs
• Top managers
– Strategic plans
• Middle Managers and
Knowledge Workers
– Direction, resources,
performance feedback
• Supervisors and Team
Leaders
– Operational and day-to
day functions
• Operational
Employees
– Use TP systems and
perform jobs
Systems Development Tools and
• Modeling Techniques
– Produces a graphical representation of a concept or
process that system developers can analyze, test, and
modify.
– Business model / Requirements model
• Describes the information that a system must provide
– Data model
• Describes data structures and design
– Object model
• Describes objects, which combine data and processes
– Network model
• Describes the design and protocols of telecommunication links
– Process model
• Describes the logic that programmers use to write code modules
• Prototyping tests system concepts
– Prototype:
• Early working version of an IS.
– Advantage: Speeds up the development process
significantly
– Disadvantage: Important decisions might be made too
early, before business or IT issues are thoroughly
understood
– Can be an extremely valuable tool.
• Computer-Aided Systems Engineering
(CASE) Tools
– Also called computer-aided software engineering
– A technique that uses powerful software called CASE
tools to help system analysts develop and maintain ISs.
– Microsoft Project
– Microsoft Visio
Systems Development Methods
• Structured Analysis
– Uses a series of phases called Systems development life
cycle (SDLC)
– To plan, analyze, design, implement and support an IS.
– Predictive approach
– Uses a set of process models to describe a system
graphically
– Process-centered technique
• Object-oriented Analysis
– O-O analysis combines data & processes into objects
– Object (E.g, student/instructor/customer/order) is a
member of a class (E.g., person)
– Objects possess properties (E.g., address/status)
– Methods change an object’s properties
– A message requests specific behavior or information
from another object
– Visual Basic, Java, C++
Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
• The SDLC Waterfall Model
– Usually includes five steps
• Systems planning
• Systems analysis
• Systems design
• Systems implementation
• Systems operation,
support, and security
Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
• Systems planning
– Systems request
– Purpose of this phase is to perform a preliminary
investigation whose key part is a feasibility study
• Systems Analysis
– First step is requirements modeling
– End product is the System requirements document
Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
• Systems Design
– Identify all outputs, inputs, and processes
– End product is system design specification
• Systems Implementation
– New system is constructed
– Users, managers, IT staff trained to operate
and support the system
– System evaluation performed
Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
• Systems Operation, Support, and Security
– A well-designed system must be secure, reliable,
maintainable, and scalable
– After several years of operation, systems need
extensive changes
– SDLC ends with system replacement
Information Technology
Department
• The information technology (IT)
department develops and maintains a
company’s information systems
• The IT group provides technical support
Information Technology
Department
• Application Development
– Team may include users, managers and IT Staff
members
• Systems Support and Security
• User Support
– Help desk or information center (IC)
Information Technology
Department
• Database Administration
– Database design, management, security, backup, and
user access
• Network Administration
– Includes hardware and software maintenance, support,
and security
• Web Support
– Webmasters
Information Technology
Department
• Quality Assurance (QA)
– Reviews and tests all applications and systems
changes to verify specifications and software quality
standards
– Is a separate unit that reports directly to IT
management
The Systems Analyst
• investigates, analyzes, designs, develops,
installs, evaluates, and maintains a
company’s information systems
• On large projects, the analyst works as a
member of an IT department team
• Smaller companies often use consultants to
perform the work
The Systems Analyst Position
• Responsibilities

• Required Skills and Background

• Certification

• Career Opportunities

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