WELCOME

ELECTRIC VEHICLE
AND SMART CAR
Presented By:-
Ashwini Kachare
Rahul kumar
Department of Electrical Engineering
Navsahyadri Group of Institution
Polytechnic, Pune

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 OVERVIEW:-
 Introduction
 Why Electric Vehicle
 Introduction of Smart car
 Smart car and smart infrastructure
 Smart car and smart roads
 History of EV
 Working
 Parts used in EV
 Types of Electric Vehicle
 Why India should go for EV
 Current status of EV in India
 Future of EV in India.
 Difference between Conventional and Electric vehicles.
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 conclusion
 References 4
 INTRODUCTION:-
 An electric vehicle is one that operates on an
electric motor, instead of an internal-
combustion engine that generates power by
burning a mix of fuel and gases.
 Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a
possible replacement for current-generation
automobile, in order to address the issue of
rising pollution, global warming, depleting
natural resources, etc.
 Unlike all other vehicles electrical vehicles
are eco-friendly except Hybrid electric
vehicle.

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 WHY ELECTRIC VEHICLES EV:-
 Pollution:-
 Transportation accounts for one third of all energy usage.
 Use of 10% Of ZEV cuts 1 million years of air pollutants.
 With 100% EV – CO2 emission would be cut by half.

 Availability of Fuel:-
 Fast depletion of fossil fuel and dependence on middle
east countries for fuel.

 Capital cost and maintenance Cost:-

 Well to wheel Efficiency:-

1837
Electric car begin their long history in Aberdeen, Scotland
through inventor Robert Davidson. Later in 1841, he built a
bigger electric train car.
1884
After more than 40 years, inventor
Thomas Parker creates the first
manufacturing electric automobile in
London.
1890
The first electric car was produced in Lowa,
U.S.A by William Morrison. The car is little
more than an electrified wagon. This six-seater
has a top speed of 14 mph.
 WORKING:-
 Electric cars function by plugging into a charge
point and taking electricity from the grid.
 The store the electricity in rechargeable batteries that
power an electric motor, which turns the wheels.
 When the accelerator pedal is pressed it sends a
signal to the controller which is like the brain of a
vehicle, managing all of its parameters.
 Power is converted from the DC battery to AC for
the electric motor using an inverter.
 The electric motor draws power from the battery to
drive the car’s wheels and enable propulsion.
 Most electric cars will use lithium-ion batteries as
they can store a lot more energy.
 Electric motor converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
 Rotation of the motor rotor rotates the transmission
so the wheels turn and then the car moves.
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 PARTS USED IN EV:-
 Battery:
The high-capacity rechargeable battery is the primary energy
storage unit in an EV. It stores electrical energy in the form of
chemical energy.
 Power electronics:
The power electronics, including the inverter, convert the dc power
stored in the battery into ac power needed by the electric motor.
 Electric motor:
The electric motor receives the ac power and converts it into
mechanical energy, driving the vehicle's wheels.
 Charging:
When the EV is plugged into an external power source, the onboard
charger converts ac power from the grid to dc power for charging
the battery
 Energy management:
Sophisticated algorithms and systems manage energy distribution,
ensuring efficient use of the battery's capacity and optimizing
overall performance.
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 TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE:-
 Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV):-Electric Cars which use batteries to generate power to run the motor are known as
BEVs. They rely solely on the energy stored battery packs; hence the distance span of these vehicles depends on the
capacity of its battery.
 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV):- This type of car employs both an electrical power and ICE to power the vehicle. When
the power requirement is low, the car uses the electric propulsion system, hence reducing the fuel requirement, GHG
emissions. When higher speed is required, the car switched to ICE. Both work together and improves the car
performance.
 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV):- The PHEV concept came to light to provide a power range in the HEVs. As
the name suggests, its similar to the HEVs as it uses both, an ICE and an electrical power, but the main feature different
is that these cars use electric propulsion as the main driving force, hence requiring a bigger battery capacity than HEVs.
 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV):- These vehicles use fuel cells that produce chemical reactions to generate electricity.
The preferred choice of fuel is Hydrogen, also calling these vehicles hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen is stored in
pressurized tanks and Oxygen from the atmosphere is used to combine and generate power to run the motors. In case,
extra power is produced, it can be stored in batteries and used later.

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Electric Vehicle Market
In India
 WHY INDIA SHOULD GO FOR EV :-
 India need to reduce dependency on a fossil-fuel based economy.
 India’s crude oil imports for 2014-15 was 112 billion dollars (approximately
7,00,000 crore rupees)
 Aspects related to global warming needs a shift to automobile solutions that
reduces do not produce greenhouse gas emissions.
 Air Quality Indicates related to India indicate that the air in many cities of
India is no longer healthy.
 Automobile related pollution has been one of the causes for this.
 India can become a global provider for clean mobility solutions and processes
that are affordable and scalable.
 Energy efficiency and emission reduction has improved in automobiles but
energy efficiency measures and pollution control measures did not keep pace
with the sales growth in vehicles.
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 CURRENT STATUS OF EV IN INDIA:-
 The Indian electric vehicles (EV) market is at a very nascent stage comprising of
only 1% of the total automobile sales.
 95% of the Indian EV market is dominated by 2 and 3-wheelers.
 The EV market in India was about 25.000 units at the end of 2016-17 and 56.000
units at the end of 2017-2018.
 4,330 EVs were sold in Gujarat, 2,846 in West Bengal, 2.467 in Uttar Pradesh and
2,388 in Rajasthan during the fiscal year 2016-17.
 The EV market in India is set to see the entry of a flurry of new players of foreign
and domestic origin in the 2 and 3-wheeler segments.
 Electric vehicle (EV) adoption in India has been on the rise, with sales growing by
82% in march 2023 compared to the previous year. Overall sales increased by
157% from FY2022 to FY2023.

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EV Market Key Players in India:-
 FUTURE OF EV IN INDIA:-
 The future electric vehicles will most likely carry lithium-ion phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries. The
LiFePO4 batteries are rechargeable and powerful which is why they are used in electric bikes and
scooters.
 Other technique that may be used in the future electric cars will be increased use of super capacitors
and ultra capacitors which is useful for storing and delivering electrical charge.
 Markets for electric vehicles will be wide open if the manufactures of electric vehicles provide the
vehicles with the range of about 300miles and the charging time around 5-10 minutes.
 There are many researchers already working on improving the battery technology by increasing the
driving range and decreasing the charging time. All these factors will ultimately determine the future
of electric vehicles.
 Also. By 2040, about 13% of the passenger vehicles plying on Indian roads will be electric by 2040..

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 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND ELECTRIC
VEHICLES:-
Conventional Vehicles Electric Vehicles
 Conventional vehicles runs on  Electric vehicles runs on renewable
nonrenewable sources. sources.
 Its require more maintenance.  Requires less maintenance.
 Produce noise  Does not produce noise
 High specific energy of fuel  Low specific energy of battery
 Engine Efficiency:- 30%  Motor efficiency:-80%
 Running cost; Low
 Running Cost:- high
 Needs only one gear
 Needs complex gear system
 Produce maximum torque instantly after
 Need to pick up some speed to deliver
maximum torque. starting of motor.
 ADVANTAGES:-
 Reduced noise
 Less maintenance required due to fewer
moving parts
 Environment friendly and reduced emissions
 Instant power delivery
 An electric car can be a great way for you, as
a consumer, to save a lot of money on gas.
 Lower running costs.
 Tax and financial benefits.
 Better performance.
 Easy to drive and quiet.
 Convenience of charging at home.
 No fuel, no emissions
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 DISADVANTAGES:-
 Vehicles are priced higher
 Not enough charging stations
available
 Recharging takes longer time
 Limited amount of range
 Some of the purpose technologies is
not realistic.
 Frequency changing of battery is
required.
 Often they are more expensive than
normal cars.

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 CONCLUSION:-
 Driving range charging time and
performance are significant drivers of EV
choice.
 Green life style, Hybrid buyer, outlet
access, Expected gas price and age are
significant predictors of EV choice.
 Multicar household, college education and
regions are not significant predictors of
EV choice.
 People will Pay premium for some EV
designs.
 Foe EVs to complete on the market,
battery cost has to decline substantially.

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 REFERENCES:-
 [1] epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
 [2] Yong, J.Y.; Rama chandaramurthy, V.K.; Tan, K.M.; Mithulananthan, N. A review on the state-
of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
2015, 49, 365–385.
 [3] U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, All-electric cars.
Available: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/evtech.shtml
 [4] Autos Cheat Sheet, 10 Electric Vehicles with the Best Range in 2015. Available:
http://www.cheatsheet.com/automobiles/top-10-electric-vehicles-with-the-
longestdrivingrange.html/?a=viewall.
 [5] bhaye, b. A., chandorkar, k. M., doiphode, p. B., koli, s. S., & ramteke, r. G. (2018). Design
and implementation of electric vehicle.
 [6] chan, c. C., k. T. Chau, and k. T. Chau. Modern electric vehicle technology. Vol. 47. Oxford
university press on demand, 2001.

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THANK YOU