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Creative Writing Second Quarter

This document discusses the key elements and literary devices of drama. It identifies characters, setting, plot, dialogue, theme, music/rhythm, and spectacle as Aristotle's six essential elements of drama. It also discusses conventions, genre, and audience as modern additional elements. The plot element is broken down into the five stages of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Examples are provided for each element from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

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15 views15 pages

Creative Writing Second Quarter

This document discusses the key elements and literary devices of drama. It identifies characters, setting, plot, dialogue, theme, music/rhythm, and spectacle as Aristotle's six essential elements of drama. It also discusses conventions, genre, and audience as modern additional elements. The plot element is broken down into the five stages of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Examples are provided for each element from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

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jalecojosephinemoleno
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SECOND QUARTER

 Lesson 1: Elements,
Techniques and Literary
Devices in Drama
 Lesson 2: Intertextuality: A
Technique of Drama
 Lesson 3: Character, Setting
and Plot for a One-Act Play
 Lesson 4: Staging Modalities and
Envisioning the Script
 Lesson 5: Exercises on the
Elements of Drama
 Lesson 6: Scene for One-Act Play
What I Need to Know At the end of this
lesson, you are expected to identify
the various elements, techniques, and
literary devices in drama
(HUMSS_CW/MPIj-IIc-15)
• “Drama” comes from a Greek word which means action. It is a
story told in dialogue by performers in front of an audience. It
is another word for a play.
• A person who writes or creates plays is known as a
“playwright” or “dramatist”. Shakespeare, who wrote the
famous play “Romeo and Juliet”, is one of the most famous
and successful playwrights of all time.

• “Romeo and Juliet” is a sad or tragic love story which ended


in the death of the lovers who are the main characters in the
play. It is not just a love story, it also presents important
lessons about life and society’s battle with equality.
Literary Elements of Drama
Drama has various literary elements which are
important during a drama’s formation stage.

1. Characters
These are the people, animals or even ideas who are
given life in the play. In other words, they are who make
the story happen in drama. Characters are different
from actors. Actors are the ones who are doing the
‘acting’ or the people who are portraying different
characters.
2. Setting
This is where and when the story in the play happened or the
time and place where the events in the play took place. The
play Romeo and Juliet has been set in the era between 1300
and 1600 in Verona, Italy. The mention of places like the
Capulet estate, the Friar Laurence’s church, Verona and
Mantua (a city in Italy) shows that the story was indeed set in
Italy.
3. Plot This element answers how the story
happened in the play. This describes the events,
which relate to each other in a pattern or sequence
that makes up a story. The plot helps playwrights
organize the information in the play in an
understandable manner. Like a short story, there are
five stages in a plot structure.
a. Exposition: This is the beginning of the story where characters
and setting are made known. This is the stage when the
conflict or the main problem in the play is introduced or
presented.

b. Rising action: This occurs when a series of events following


the initial incident lead up to the dramatic climax. This is when
the events begin to get complicated or when excitement, tension
or crisis is encountered.

c. Climax: This is the turning point or highest point of a story.


This is meant to be the moment of highest interest and emotion
to make the audience or reader want so eagerly to find out what
will happen next.
d. Falling action: The series of events following
the climax when events and complications
begin to resolve.

e. Denouement or Resolution: This is the end or


the conclusion of a story’s plot. It allows a story
to end without trailing off or leaving the reader
confused or unsatisfied.
4. Dialogue This refers to the words written by
the playwright and spoken by the characters in
the play which can be found in a script. The
dialogue helps move the action of the play along.
They always come after the name of a character
to guide the actors as they memorize or
familiarize their lines. Below is an example of a
dialogue:
GLORIA: Today is payday, Mario.
MARIO: Yes … but… GLORIA: But what? Where’s
There are many other elements of drama and it is
important that you learn and familiarize them as well.
Montenegro-Gasulas, Mantaring, Lusica, Cidro, Miranda,
Mendoza and Nacino (2017) in the book Integrated
English for English Communication: Creative Writing, the
elements of drama are classified into the following: A.
Aristotle’s Six Essential Elements of Drama
Three of these elements specifically plot, characters and dialogue were already
discussed under the four major elements of drama.

The other three are as follows:


 Theme: While plot refers to the action of the play, theme refers to the meaning
of the play. Theme is the main idea or lesson to be learned from the play. In some
cases, the theme of a play is obvious; other times it is quite subtle.
 Music/Rhythm: While music is often featured in drama, in this case Aristotle
was referring to the rhythm of the actors' voices as they speak.

 Spectacle: This refers to the visual elements of a play: sets, costumes, special
effects, etc. Spectacle is everything that the audience sees as they watch the play
B. The Modern Theater These are the additions to the
previously known literary elements which result from the
changes and transitions related to theater play after a
certain period of time.
 Conventions: These are the techniques and methods used
by the playwright and director to create the desired stylistic
effect.
 Genre: Genre refers to the type of play. Some examples of
different genres include comedy, tragedy, mystery and
historical play.  Audience: This is the group of people who
watch the play. Many playwrights and actors consider the
audience to be the most important element of drama, as all
of the effort put in to writing and producing a play is for the
enjoyment of the audience.

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