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Patricia Benner

Patricia Benner introduced the concept of novice to expert to describe the stages of clinical competence that nurses pass through as they gain experience in various areas of nursing. She proposed 5 stages: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. At each stage, the nurse's decision making, skills, and understanding of patient problems expands. Benner's work has significantly influenced nursing education and practice by providing a framework for skill acquisition and experience-based learning.

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45 views27 pages

Patricia Benner

Patricia Benner introduced the concept of novice to expert to describe the stages of clinical competence that nurses pass through as they gain experience in various areas of nursing. She proposed 5 stages: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. At each stage, the nurse's decision making, skills, and understanding of patient problems expands. Benner's work has significantly influenced nursing education and practice by providing a framework for skill acquisition and experience-based learning.

Uploaded by

Shin Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATRICIA BENNER

FROM NOVICE TO EXPERT


PATRICIA BENNER
 Benner was born in August 1942 at Hampton,
Virginia, and received her bachelor’s degree in
Nursing from Pasadena College in 1964, and later a
master’s degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing from
the University of California, Berkeley. After
completing her doctorate in 1982, she became an
Associate Professor in the Department of
Physiological Nursing at the University of
California, San Francisco. Dr. Benner is an
internationally known lecturer and researcher on
health, and her work has influenced areas of clinical
practice as well as clinical ethics.
 Inthe late 1960s, Benner worked in the nursing field.
This included working as a Head Nurse of the
Coronary Care Unit at the Kansas City General
Hospital and an Intensive Care Staff Nurse at the
Stanford University Hospital and Medical Center.
From 1970 until 1975, she was a Research Associate
at the University of California at San Francisco
School of Nursing.
Benner Theorist

 Dr. Benner is the Chief Faculty Development Officer for EducatingNurses.com. She
is a noted nursing educator and author of From Novice to Expert: Excellence and
Power in Nursing Practice.
 Dr. Benner was the Director of this Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of
Teaching National Nursing Education Study, which is the first such study in 40
years. She additionally collaborated with the Carnegie Preparation for the
Professions studies of Clergy, Engineering, Law and Medicine.
 Dr. Benner is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. She was elected an
honorary fellow of the Royal College of Nursing. Her work has influence beyond
nursing in the areas of clinical practice and clinical ethics. She is the first author of
Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Ethics and Clinical Judgment with Christine
Tanner and Catherine Chesla, and has co-authored 12 other notable books including
a March, 2011 Second Edition of Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Acute and
Critical Care: A Thinking-in-Action Approach with Pat Hooper Kyriakidis and
Daphne Stannard.
 Dr. Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses
develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through
a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences.
 Sheproposed that one could gain knowledge and skills (“knowing
how”) without ever learning the theory (“knowing that”).
AN INFLUENTIAL NURSE IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROFESSION OF
NURSING
 Patricia Benner’s research and
theory work provides the profession
of nursing with what we know as the
novice to expert model, also known
as Benner’s stages of clinical
competence. Benner’s work as
applied to the nursing profession is
adapted from the Dreyfus model of
skill acquisition.
SKILL ACQUISITION

“ The utility of the concept of skill acquisition lies in


helping the teacher understand how to assist the
learner in advancing to the next level”.(McClure, 2005)
BENNER’S STAGES OF CLINICAL
COMPETENCE
NOVICE
 Beginner with no experience
 Taught general rules to help perform tasks
 Rules are: context- free, independent of specific cases, and
universally
 Ex. “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do it”.
ADVANCED
BEGINNER
 Demonstrate acceptable performance
 Has gained prior experience in actual situation to recognize
recurring meaningful components
 Principles,based on experiences, begin to be formulated to
guide actions
COMPETENT
 Typically a nurse with 2-3 years experience on the job in the same
area or in similar day-to-day situations.
 More aware of long-term goals.
 Gains perspective from planning own actions based on conscious,
abstract, and analytical thinking and helps to achieve greater
efficiency and organization.
PROFICIENT
Perceives and understand situations as whole parts
More holistic understanding improves decision-
making
Learns from experiences what to expect in certain
situations and how to modify plans.
EXPERT
No longer relies on principles, rules, or guidelines
to connect situations and determine actions
Much more background of experience
Has intuitive grasp of clinical situation
THE 4 METAPARADIGM IN NURSING
AS DEFINED BY PATRICIA BENNER
NURSING

 Patricia Benner described nursing as an “enabling condition of


connection and concern” (Marriner-Tomey,1989,p192), which shows
a high level of emotional involvement in the nurse-client
relationship. She reviewed nursing practice as the care and study of
the lived experience of health, illness, and disease and the
relationships among these three elements.
PERSON

 Benner stated that a “self-interpreting being, that is the person


does not come into the world predefined but gets defined in the
course of living a life. A person also has an effortless and non-
reflective understanding of the self in the world. The person is
viewed as a participant in common meanings” (Tomey, 2002,
p173).
Benner believed that there are significant aspects that make up a person.
She had conceptualized the major aspects of understanding that the person
must deal as:

1. The role of the situation


2. The role of the body
3. The role of personal concerns
4. The role of temporarily
HEALTH

 Patricia Benner focused “on the lived experience of being healthy and
ill”. She defined health as what can be assessed, while well-being is the
human experience of health or wholeness. Well-being and being ill are
recognized as different ways of being in the world. Health is described
as not just the absence of disease and illness. Also, a person may have a
disease and not experience illness because illness is the human
experience of loss or dysfunction, whereas disease is what can be
assessed at the physical level.
ENVIRONMENT

 Instead of using the term “environment”, Benner used the term


“situation”, because it suggests a social environment with social
definition and meaning. She used the phenomenological terms of
being situated and situated meaning, which are defined by the
person’s engaged interaction, interpretation an understanding of the
situation.
“Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires
an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation as any
painter’s or sculptor’s work.”
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE -

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