II EP (First Semester)

Technological University (Sagaing)

Department of Electrical Power Engineering
Principles of Electrical Engineering
(EP-21011)

Group-1

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Group Members
1. Thondra Shwe Zin (II-EP 1)
2. Htet Wai Yan Oo (II-EP 2)
3. Thin Thin Yu Hlaing (II-EP 3)
4. May Yamin Htet (II-EP 4)
5. Tin Zar Zar Lin (II-EP 5)
6. Thu Zar Win (II-Ep 6)
7. Aye Yu Wati Soe (II-EP 7)
8. Shoon Lae Phyo (II-EP 8)

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Table Of Contents
1. Introduction to Electricity
2. Important of Electricity
3. Ohm's Law
4. Positive and Negative Charges
5. Types of Current Electricity and Basic Electric Circuits
6. Sources of Electricity
7. Generation, Transmission and Distribution
8. Electrical Hazard and Electrical Safety
9. Advantages and Disadvantages of Electricity

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 Introduction To Electricity
Electricity is the flows of free electrons in a
conductor from one atom to next atom in the segment
direction.
It is a form of charges that can produced light, heat or
motion.
There are two types of electricity:
1.Static electricity –Electric charge at rest
2.Dynamic electricity or current electricity-Electric charges
motion 4
Most famous people of electricity

1. Thomas Edison (electric light bulb)

2. Andre Ampere (the astatic needle)
3. Micheal Faraday (electric motor)
4. James Watt (steam engine)

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figure ; (electric light bulb)

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figure ; the astatic needle

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figure ; electric motor

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figure ; steam engine

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Importance of electricity in modern life
• Electricity is an essential part of modern life and important to the U.S.
economy. People use electricity for lighting, heating, cooling, and
refrigeration, as well as power appliances, computers, electronics,
industrial systems and public transportation systems.
• Basic concepts of Electricity
1. Voltage
2. Current
3. Resistor
4. Power
5. Conductors and Insulators
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Ohm's Law
 The voltage across a conductor is directly proportional
to the current flowing through it.

V= IR Where,
I=V/R V=Voltage (V)

R=V/I I=Current (A)

R=Resistance

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Positive and Negative Charges

• All matter is made of atoms which contain positive

particles called protons and negative particles called
electrons.
• An atom with an equal number of electrons and
proton is said to be electrically neutral.
• A positive or negative charges is caused by an absence
or excess of electrons.
• The number of protons remains constant.
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 The most electricity rule of electricity is that
like charges repel and opposite charges attract.

+ + + + + + + + +
- -
- - - - - - -
Neutral Charge Negative Charge Positive Charge

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 Two main types of Current Electricity
1.Direct current (DC)
2.Alternating current (AC)
• Direct Current (DC) direct current
 Electrons flow continuously in one direction from the source
of power through a conductor to and back to the source of
power.
 DC power source- batteries and DC generator.
direct current
+V
time
direct current 15
-V
 Alternating Current (AC)
Electron flow through a conductor from the negative
terminal to positive terminal, first in one direction then
another.
AC power source- AC generator/Alternator

+Magnitude +Direction

0
Time

-Magnitude
-Direction 16
Basic Electrical Circuit
 There are four types of basic electrical circuits

1.Close circuit
2.Open circuit
3.Series circuit
4.Parallel circuit
 The components of electrical circuits are resistors,
capacitors, inductors, diodes, light bulbs, switches
and transformers. 17
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Sources of Electricity
 The major source where we getting electricity is from fossil
fuels mainly coal.
 Natural gas
 Hydropower
 Wind (renewable sources)
 Nuclear Energy
 Solar Energy
 Oil
 Biomass
 Non-hydro Power 20
Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

 Generation
• Generation means the conversion of a form of energy into
electrical energy. Especially generators convert mechanical
energy to electrical energy.
• A generator consists of copper coils surrounded by magnet.
Copper is the best of a good conductor.
• Turbines are usually connected to the copper coil of the generator
by a shaft.
• When the turbine are turned, it causes the wire loop in the
generator to turn and electrical energy is produced.
• All power plants produce electricity with a generator. 21
Transmission
• Transmission implies the transport of this energy to very long
distance with very high amount of voltage magnitude.
• Transmit electricity materials – copper, iron, steel, gold,
aluminum, and silver.
Distribution
• Distribution lines carry electricity from substations to
houses, business, and schools.
• That is fulfilling the demand of the consumers at
certified voltage level and it is done in terms of feeder.
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Common Electrical hazards in the workplaces
• electric shock and burns from contact with live parts.
• injury from exposure to arcing (when electricity jumps from
one circuit to another)
• faulty wiring
• fire from faulty electrical equipment or installations.
• explosion caused by unsuitable electrical apparatus.
• overhead power lines.
• damaged tools and equipment.
• wet conditions. 24
 Electrical Safety
That is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous
effects on workers from electric current, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.

5 tips of electrical safety

1. Avoid contact with power lines
2. Ground electrical equipment
3. Take care with power tools
4. Wear protective clothing
5. Always turns off the power

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Advantages of Electricity
1. Can be converted easily in other form
2. Easily controllable
3. Pollution free
4. Noise less
5. High efficiency
6. Cheaper than other form of energy
7. Portable, easily transmitted
8. Clean, cheap, safe and a convenient source of energy
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Disadvantages of Electricity

1. More expensive than gasoline

2. Electric power plant creates pollution
3. Cost of construction
4. Careless in electricity can be dangerous for everyone
5. Loss of fish species
6. Change in river of stream quality
7. Dependent on precipitation

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Thank you for your attention!

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