JDBC –

Java DataBase Connectivity

By
Hridya G
Asst.Professor
Dept.of Computer Science
RSM SNDP Yogam Arts & Science
College,Koyilandy
 What is JDBC?

• “An API that lets you access virtually any tabular data source from the
Java programming language”
• JDBC Data Access API – JDBC Technology Homepage
• What’s an API?
• See J2SE documentation

• What’s a tabular data source?

• “… access virtually any data source, from relational databases to
spreadsheets and flat files.”
• JDBC Documentation
• We’ll focus on accessing Oracle databases

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General Architecture

• What design pattern is

implied in this architecture?
• What does it buy for us?
• Why is this architecture also
multi-tiered?

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4
 Basic steps to use
a database in Java

• 1.Establish a connection
• 2.Create JDBC Statements
• 3.Execute SQL Statements
• 4.GET ResultSet
• 5.Close connections

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 1. Establish a connection
• import java.sql.*;
• Load the vendor specific driver
• Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
• What do you think this statement does, and how?
• Dynamically loads a driver class, for Oracle database
• Make the connection
• Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:oracle:thin:@oracle-
prod:1521:OPROD", username, passwd);
• What do you think this statement does?
• Establishes connection to database by obtaining
a Connection object 6
 2. Create JDBC statement(s)

• Statement stmt = con.createStatement() ;

• Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements
to the database

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 Executing SQL Statements

• String createLehigh = "Create table Lehigh " +

"(SSN Integer not null, Name VARCHAR(32), " + "Marks
Integer)";
stmt.executeUpdate(createLehigh);
//What does this statement do?

• String insertLehigh = "Insert into Lehigh values“ +

"(123456789,abc,100)";
stmt.executeUpdate(insertLehigh);

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 Get ResultSet
String queryLehigh = "select * from Lehigh";

ResultSet rs = Stmt.executeQuery(queryLehigh);
//What does this statement do?

while (rs.next()) {
int ssn = rs.getInt("SSN");
String name = rs.getString("NAME");
int marks = rs.getInt("MARKS");
}
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 Close connection

• stmt.close();
• con.close();

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 Transactions and JDBC

• JDBC allows SQL statements to be grouped together into a single

transaction
• Transaction control is performed by the Connection object, default mode
is auto-commit, I.e., each sql statement is treated as a transaction
• We can turn off the auto-commit mode with con.setAutoCommit(false);
• And turn it back on with con.setAutoCommit(true);
• Once auto-commit is off, no SQL statement will be committed until an
explicit is invoked con.commit();
• At this point all changes done by the SQL statements will be made
permanent in the database.

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 Handling Errors with Exceptions

• Programs should recover and leave the database in a

consistent state.
• If a statement in the try block throws an exception or
warning, it can be caught in one of the corresponding
catch statements
• How might a finally {…} block be helpful here?
• E.g., you could rollback your transaction in a
catch { …} block or close database connection and free
database related resources in finally {…} block
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Another way to access database
(JDBC-ODBC)

What’s a bit different

about this
architecture?

Why add yet

another layer?

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 Sample program
import java.sql.*;
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); //dynamic loading of driver
String filename = "c:/db1.mdb"; //Location of an Access database
String database = "jdbc:odbc:Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};DBQ=";
database+= filename.trim() + ";DriverID=22;READONLY=true}"; //add on to end
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection( database ,"","");
Statement s = con.createStatement();
s.execute("create table TEST12345 ( firstcolumn integer )");
s.execute("insert into TEST12345 values(1)");
s.execute("select firstcolumn from TEST12345");

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 Sample program(cont)

ResultSet rs = s.getResultSet();
if (rs != null) // if rs == null, then there is no ResultSet to view
while ( rs.next() ) // this will step through our data row-by-row
{ /* the next line will get the first column in our current row's ResultSet
as a String ( getString( columnNumber) ) and output it to the screen */
System.out.println("Data from column_name: " + rs.getString(1) );
}
s.close(); // close Statement to let the database know we're done with it
con.close(); //close connection
}
catch (Exception err) { System.out.println("ERROR: " + err); }
}
}

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Mapping types JDBC - Java

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 JDBC 2 – Scrollable Result Set

…
Statement stmt =
con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);

String query = “select students from class where type=‘not sleeping’ “;

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( query );

rs.previous(); / / go back in the RS (not possible in JDBC 1…)

rs.relative(-5); / / go 5 records back
rs.relative(7); / / go 7 records forward
rs.absolute(100); / / go to 100th record
…

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 JDBC 2 – Updateable ResultSet

…
Statement stmt =
con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
String query = " select students, grade from class
where type=‘really listening this presentation’ “;
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( query );
…
while ( rs.next() )
{
int grade = rs.getInt(“grade”);
rs.updateInt(“grade”, grade+10);
rs.updateRow();
}

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 Metadata from DB

• A Connection's database is able

to provide schema information
describing its tables,
its supported SQL grammar,
its stored procedures
the capabilities of this connection, and so on
• What is a stored procedure?
• Group of SQL statements that form a logical unit and perform a
particular task
This information is made available through
a DatabaseMetaData object.
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 Metadata from DB - example

…
Connection con = …. ;

DatabaseMetaData dbmd = con.getMetaData();

String catalog = null;

String schema = null;
String table = “sys%”;
String[ ] types = null;

ResultSet rs =
dbmd.getTables(catalog , schema , table , types );
…

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 JDBC – Metadata from RS
public static void printRS(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException
{
ResultSetMetaData md = rs.getMetaData();
// get number of columns
int nCols = md.getColumnCount();
// print column names
for(int i=1; i < nCols; ++i)
System.out.print( md.getColumnName( i)+",");
/ / output resultset
while ( rs.next() )
{ for(int i=1; i < nCols; ++i)
System.out.print( rs.getString( i)+",");
System.out.println( rs.getString(nCols) );
} 21

}
 JDBC and beyond

• (JNDI) Java Naming and Directory Interface

• API for network-wide sharing of information about users, machines, networks,
services, and applications
• Preserves Java’s object model
• (JDO) Java Data Object
• Models persistence of objects, using RDBMS as repository
• Save, load objects from RDBMS
• (SQLJ) Embedded SQL in Java
• Standardized and optimized by Sybase, Oracle and IBM
• Java extended with directives: # sql
• SQL routines can invoke Java methods
• Maps SQL types to Java classes

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 JDBC references

• JDBC Data Access API – JDBC Technology Homepage

• http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/index.html
• JDBC Database Access – The Java Tutorial
• http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/index.html
• JDBC Documentation
• http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jdbc/index.html
• java.sql package
• http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/java/sql/package-summary.html
• JDBC Technology Guide: Getting Started
• http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jdbc/getstart/GettingStartedTOC.fm.html

• JDBC API Tutorial and Reference (book)

• http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jdbc/

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 JDBC

• JDBC Data Access API – JDBC Technology Homepage

• http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/index.html
• JDBC Database Access – The Java Tutorial
• http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/index.html
• JDBC Documentation
• http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jdbc/index.html
• java.sql package
• http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/java/sql/package-summary.html
• JDBC Technology Guide: Getting Started
• http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jdbc/getstart/GettingStartedTOC.fm.html

• JDBC API Tutorial and Reference (book)

• http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jdbc/

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