Property/ Condition Method Comment

Primary Secondary
Compressive strength Cores for compression testing Penetration resistance (ASTM Strength of in-place concrete;
(ASTM C42 and C39) C803):Pullout testing (drilled-in) comparison of strength in different
locations. Drilled-in pullout test not
standardized by ASTM
Relative compressive Rebound number (ASTM C Rebound number influenced by near
strength 805); Ultrasonic pulse velocity surface properties; UPV gives
“average” result through the
(UPV) (ASTM C 597) thickness.
Tensile strength Splitting tensile strength of In-place pulloff test (ACI Assess tensile strength of concrete.
core(ASTM C 496) 503R; BS 1881: Part 207)
Dynamic modulus of Resonant frequency testing of Ultrasonic pulse velocity Requires knowledge of density and
elasticity sawed specimens (ASTM C (ASTM C 597); impact-echo; poisson’s ratio (except C215);
469) spectral analysis of surface dynamic elastic modulus is typically
waves (SASW) grater than the static elastic modulus
Shrinkage/expansion Length change of drilled or Measure of incremental potential
sawed specimens (ASTM C 341) length change.

Resistance to chloride 90-day ponding test (AASHTO Electrical indication of Establish relative susceptibility of
penetration T 259) concrete’s ability to resist concrete to chloride ion intrusion;
chloride ion penetration assess effectiveness of chemical
(ASTM C 1201) sealers, membranes, and overlays
 Property/ Condition Method Comment
Primary Secondary
Air content; cement Assist in determination of cause(s)
content: Petrographic examination of Petrographic examination of of
distress; degree of damage;
and aggregate properties concrete samples removed aggregates (ASTM C 294, C quality of
(scaling; alkali silica
reactivity; from structure (ASTM C 856 295) concrete when originally cast and
freeze/thaw susceptibility) and ASTM C 457); cement current.
content (ASTM C 1084)
Alkali-silica reactivity
(ASR) Cornell/SHRP rapid teat Establish in field if observed
(SHRP-C-315) deterioration is due to ASR
Assess corrosion protection value
Carbonation, pH Phenolphthalein (qualitative Other pH indicators of
concrete with depth and
indication); pH meter (e.g.,litmus paper) susceptibility
of steel reinforcement to
corrosion;
depth of carbonation
Rebound number permits
Fire damage Petrography; rebound number SASW;UPV; Impact-echo; demarcation
(ASTM C 805) Impulse-response of damaged surface
Freezing and thawing
damage Petrography SASW; Impulse-response
Chloride ion content Acid-soluble (ASTM C 1152) Specific ion probe(SHRP-S- Chloride ingress increases
susceptibility of steel
and water-soluble (ASTM C 328) reinforcement to
1218) corrosion
Chloride ion content Acid-soluble (ASTM C 1152) Specific ion probe(SHRP-S- Chloride ingress increases
susceptibility of steel
and water-soluble (ASTM C 328) reinforcement to

1218) corrosion
SHRP surface airflow Measures in-place permeability
Air permeability method index
of the near-surface
(SHRP-S-329) concrete(15mm)
AC resistance useful for
Electrical resistance of AC resistance using 4-probe SHRP surface resistance evaluating

concrete resistance meter test(SHRP-S-327) effectiveness of admixtures and

sealers.
Air content; cement Assist in determination of
content: Petrographic examination of Petrographic examination of cause(s) of
distress; degree of damage;
and aggregate properties concrete samples removed aggregates (ASTM C 294, C quality of
(scaling; alkali silica
reactivity; from structure (ASTM C 856 295) concrete when originally cast and

freeze/thaw susceptibility) and ASTM C 457); cement current.

content (ASTM C 1084)