GROUP 1

“CHAPTER 1&2”

JOMEL CAMAR
[LEADER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

RAINE RYZEN MILLETE

[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

SHELBY VALENZUELA
[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

KEITH RODRIGUEZ
[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

SED DAMASIN
[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

ZHYRILVE ARGUILLES
[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

ANTHONY DUCOT
[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

ALYZZA CABANAS
[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

LAWRENCE LLAMAZARES
[MEMBER]
 GROUP 1
“CHAPTER 1&2”

RODEL BULALACAO
[MEMBER]
CHAPTER 1

DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK
 DEFINITION OF DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK

DISASTER IS DEFINED AS “A SUDDEN,

CALAMITOUS EVENT, BRINGING GREAT
DAMAGE, LOSS, DESTRUCTION AND
DEVASTATION TO LIFE AND PROPERTY”.
ITS ORIGIN CAN BE NATURAL, SUCH AS
EARTHQUAKES, FLOODS, AND HURRICANES,
OR OF HUMAN ORIGIN, SUCH AS EXPLOSIONS,
NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS AND TERRORIST ACTS.
 DEFINITION OF DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK

FROM A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE,

DISASTER IS DEFINED AS “SERIOUS DISRUPTION
OF THE FUNCTIONING OF SOCIETY, CAUSING
WIDESPREAD HUMAN, MATERIAL OR
ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES, WHICH EXCEED THE
ABILITY OF THE AFFECTED PEOPLE TO COPE,
USING THEIR HUMAN RESOURCES”.
 DEFINITION OF DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK

DISASTER RISK IS DEFINED AS “THE PROBABILITY

THAT A COMMUNITY’S STRUCTURE OR GEOGRAPHIC
AREA IS TO BE DAMAGED OR DISRUPTED BY THE
IMPACT OF A PARTICULAR HAZARD, ON ACCOUNT
OF ITS NATURE, CONSTRUCTION AND PROXIMITY TO
A HAZARDOUS AREA”.
 NATURE OF DISASTERS

DISASTERS ARE OF TWO TYPES

– ‘NATURAL’ AND ‘HUMAN-MADE’.
BASED ON THE DEVASTATION, THESE ARE FURTHER
CLASSIFIED INTO MAJOR OR MINOR NATURAL DISASTERS
AND MAJOR OR MINOR MAN-MADE DISASTERS
THESE ORIGINATE FROM
THE DIFFERENT “FORCES”
OF NATURE (GEOLOGICAL, NATURAL DISASTERS
METEOROLOGICAL,
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
AND BIOLOGICAL).
NATURAL DISASTERS
VOLCANOES
EARTHQUAKES
TORNADOES
CYCLONES
NATURAL DISASTERS
THESE DISASTERS OCCUR
DUE TO PEOPLE’S ACTIONS
AGAINST HUMAN, MATERIAL
AND ENVIRONMENT.
HUMAN-MADE
THESE INCLUDE TRANSPORT
DISASTERS
AND INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS, SUCH AS, AIR
AND TRAIN CRASHES,
CHEMICAL SPILLS, AND
BUILDING COLLAPSES.
HUMAN-MADE
DISASTERS
TERRORISM
CIVIL DISORDER
ARSON
WAR
HUMAN-MADE
DISASTERS
SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE

RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING
GENDER AND FAMILY
DISASTERS

AGE
 SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE

RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING
AMILY
DISASTERS
 SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE

RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING
DISASTERS GENDER AND FAMILY
 SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE

RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING
DISASTERS GENDER AND FAMILY

AGE
XPOSURE

RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING
O
AMILY
DISASTERS
VOR
 nt of exposure to the disaster
elated to risk of future mental

OTHER
RISK FACTORS
FACTORS
ays, UNDERLYING
women or girls suffer more
SPECIFIC TO
DISASTERS
ects than do men or boys.
THE SURVIVOR

in the age range of 40-60 are

e distressed after disasters.
 nt of exposure to the disaster
elated to risk of future mental

CTORS
O RISK FACTORS
ays, UNDERLYING
ND TO
women or girls suffer more
O
DISASTERS
ects than do men or boys.
ORSE
VOR
S
in the age range of 40-60 are
e distressed after disasters.
 nt of exposure to the disaster
elated to risk of future mental
IFIC TO
OTHER FACTORS
RISK
disaster
FACTORS HAVE ALSO
hays, UNDERLYING
disasters
women or girls suffer more BEEN FOUND TO
the
ects disaster
DISASTERS
than do men or boys.
PREDICT WORSE
s OUTCOMES
hat happens to them

in the age range of 40-60 are

e distressed after disasters.
 nt of exposure to the disaster
elated to risk of future mental
GIFIC TO
CTORS
RISK FACTORS
Odisaster
NDhays, UNDERLYING
disasters
TO
women or girls suffer more
the
ects disaster
ORSE DISASTERS
than do men or boys.

Sshat happens to them

ATIVE
ORT
in the age range of 40-60 are
e distressed after disasters.
 nt of exposure to the disaster
ALSO
elated
IFIC TO to risk of future mental
DEVELOPING
ICT
COUNTRIES
RISK
disaster
FACTORS
ose)
hays, UNDERLYING
disasters
women or girls suffer more
ber
the
ects disaster
DISASTERS
than do men or boys.

suring the disaster

ATIVE
ially
hat among youth)
happens to them

PORT
einhome)
the age range of 40-60 are
e distressed after disasters.
 nt of exposure to the disaster
ALSO
elated
IFIC TO to risk of future mental
DEVELOPING
ICT
COUNTRIES
RISK
disaster
FACTORS
ose)
hays, UNDERLYING
disasters
women or girls suffer more
ber
the
ects disaster
DISASTERS
than do men or boys.

suring the disaster

iallyhappens
hat among youth)
to them LOW OR NEGATIVE
einhome)
the age range of 40-60 are SOCIAL SUPPORT
e distressed after disasters.
EFFECTS OF NATURAL
DISASTERS ON HUMAN LIFE

 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE

COMMON EFFECTS OF
DISASTER IDENTIFIED BY
SOME STUDIES ON
DISASTER RISK AND
MANAGEMENT:
 DISPLACED POPULATIONS

ONE OF THE MOST IMMEDIATE

EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
IS POPULATION DISPLACEMENT.
 HEALTH RISKS

ASIDE FROM THE OBVIOUS

IMMEDIATE DANGER THAT
NATURAL DISASTERS PRESENT,
THE SECONDARY EFFECTS CAN
BE JUST US DAMAGING.
 FOOD SCARCITY

AFTER NATURAL DISASTERS, FOOD

OFTEN BECOMES SCARCE.
 EMOTIONAL AFTERSHOCKS

NATURAL DISASTERS CAN BE PARTICULARLY

TRAUMATIC FOR YOUNG CHILDREN.
 HOW AND WHEN AN EVENT
BECOMES A DISASTER

AN EVENT, EITHER HUMAN-MADE OR NATURAL,

BECOMES A DISASTER WHEN IT IS SUDDEN OR
PROGRESSIVE, CAUSING WIDESPREAD HUMAN,
MATERIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES.
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• EXPOSED TO NATURAL HAZARDS
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO:

EXPOSED TO:
AREAS: STORM SURGE, TSUNAMI
COASTAL AREAS OR TIDAL WAVES

AREAS: EXPOSED TO:

RECLAIMED AREAS FLOODING, SINKHOLE
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• EXPOSED TO NATURAL HAZARDS
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO:

AREAS: EXPOSED TO:

NEAR FAULT LINES EARTHQUAKE

AREAS: EXPOSED TO:

ON FOOT OF DENUDED MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE
MOUNTAINS
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• EXPOSED TO NATURAL HAZARDS
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO:

EXPOSED TO:
AREAS: VOLCANIC ERUPTION-
NEAR VOLCANOES PYROCLASTIC MATERIALS,
(DANGER ZONES) LAHAR FLOW,
LAVA FLOW AND ASH FALL

AREAS: EXPOSED TO:

RIVER BANKS AND FLOODING, FLASH FLOODS
ESTEROS
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• EXPOSED TO NATURAL HAZARDS
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO:

AREAS: EXPOSED TO:

OPEN FIELDS THUNDERSTORM,
HAILSTORM, BLIZZARD
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• EXPOSED TO MAN-MADE HAZARD
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO:

AREAS: EXPOSED TO:

NEAR OIL DEPOTS OIL SPILL, POLLUTION

EXPOSED TO:
AREAS: TOXIC WASTE-HEAVY
NEAR MINING PROJECTS METAL, LEAD, MERCURY,
NITRIC ACID, ETC.
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• EXPOSED TO MAN-MADE HAZARD
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO:

EXPOSED TO:
AREAS:
CHEMICAL FUMES,
NEAR CHEMICAL PLANTS
CHEMICAL WASTE

EXPOSED TO:
NUCLEAR WASTE, POSSIBLE
AREAS:
TECHNICAL FAILURE, LEAKS
NEAR NUCLEAR PLANTS
OR WORSE ACCIDENTAL
EXPLOSION
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
• EXPOSED TO MAN-MADE HAZARD
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO:

AREAS: EXPOSED TO:

NEAR FACTORIES FACTORY WASTE, POLLUTION

AREAS:
EXPOSED TO:
UNSAFE BUILDING
FIRE
STRUCTURES
AREAS:
EXPOSED TO:
PUBLIC PLACES IN MEGA
TERRORISM
CITIES
DISASTER A DISASTER IS A RESULT OF A VAST
ECOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN IN THE
FROM RELATION BETWEEN HUMANS AND
THEIR ENVIRONMENT, A SERIOUS
DIFFERENT OR SUDDEN EVENT ON SUCH A
SCALE THAT THE STRICKEN
PERSPECTIVES COMMUNITY NEEDS
EXTRAORDINARY EFFORTS TO COPE
WITH IT. OFTEN WITH OUTSIDE
HELP OR INTERNATIONAL AID.
PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE

FROM THIS VIEW DISASTER IS DEFINED AS A

PHENOMENON THAT CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO
PHYSICAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS BUILDINGS,
INFRASTRUCTURES, INCLUDING PEOPLE AND
THEIR PROPERTIES, E.G. HOUSES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF LIVING.
PHYSICAL EFFECTS ARE THE MOST VISIBLE AND
QUANTIFIABLE EFFECTS OF A DISASTER.
PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE

IN ASSESSING THE AFTERMATH OF A DISASTER,

PHYSICAL DAMAGES ARE ESSENTIALLY
CONSIDERED IN DATA RECORDING.
ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER IS FOCUSED ON THE
FOLLOWING COMMON QUESTIONS:
HOW MANY FAMILIES ARE AFFECTED?
(DISPLACEMENT, INJURY, DEATH)

How many houses are damaged or washed out? (in case

of super typhoons)

How many buildings collapsed or are damaged? (in

case of an earthquake)

How many roads bridges, dams and other infrastructures are damaged?
(in case of floods, lahar flows and earthquakes)

What is the extent of damage in agricultural industry?

(crop losses, damaged fish cages, washed out rice fields, etc.)
How many families are affected?
(displacement, injury, death)

HOW MANY HOUSES ARE DAMAGED OR WASHED OUT?

(IN CASE OF SUPER TYPHOONS)

How many buildings collapsed or are damaged? (in

case of an earthquake)

How many roads bridges, dams and other infrastructures are damaged?
(in case of floods, lahar flows and earthquakes)

What is the extent of damage in agricultural industry?

(crop losses, damaged fish cages, washed out rice fields, etc.)
How many families are affected?
(displacement, injury, death)

How many houses are damaged or washed out? (in case

of super typhoons)

HOW MANY BUILDINGS COLLAPSED OR ARE DAMAGED?

(IN CASE OF AN EARTHQUAKE)

How many roads bridges, dams and other infrastructures are damaged?
(in case of floods, lahar flows and earthquakes)

What is the extent of damage in agricultural industry?

(crop losses, damaged fish cages, washed out rice fields, etc.)
 How many families are affected?
(displacement, injury, death)

How many houses are damaged or washed out? (in case

of super typhoons)

How many buildings collapsed or are damaged? (in

case of an earthquake)
HOW MANY ROADS BRIDGES, DAMS AND OTHER
INFRASTRUCTURES ARE DAMAGED?
(IN CASE OF FLOODS, LAHAR FLOWS AND EARTHQUAKES)
What is the extent of damage in agricultural industry?
(crop losses, damaged fish cages, washed out rice fields, etc.)
 How many families are affected?
(displacement, injury, death)

How many houses are damaged or washed out? (in case

of super typhoons)

How many buildings collapsed or are damaged? (in

case of an earthquake)

How many roads bridges, dams and other infrastructures are damaged?
(in case of floods, lahar flows and earthquakes)

WHAT IS THE EXTENT OF DAMAGE IN AGRICULTURAL

INDUSTRY? (CROP LOSSES, DAMAGED FISH CAGES, WASHED
OUT RICE FIELDS, ETC.)
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A DISASTER ARE
THE FOLLOWING:

01
EMOTIONAL EFFECTS:

SHOCK, TERROR,
IRRITABILITY, BLAME, ANGER,
GUILT, GRIEF OR SADNESS
OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A DISASTER ARE
THE FOLLOWING:

02
COGNITIVE EFFECTS:

IMPAIRED CONCENTRATION,
IMPAIRED DECISION-MAKING
ABILITY, MEMORY IMPAIRMENT,
DISBELIEF, CONFUSION, NIGHTMARES
OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A DISASTER ARE
THE FOLLOWING:

03
PHYSICAL EFFECTS:

FATIGUE, EXHAUSTION, INSOMNIA,

CARDIOVASCULAR STRAIN STARTLE
RESPONSE, HYPER AROUSAL,
INCREASED PHYSICAL PAIN
OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A DISASTER ARE
THE FOLLOWING:

04
INTERPERSONAL EFFECTS:

INCREASED RELATIONAL CONFLICT,

SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL REDUCED
RELATIONAL INTIMACY, ALIENATION,
IMPAIRED WORK PERFORMANCE
 SOCIO-CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE

 IS AN APPROACH
THAT ANALYZES
HOW SOCIAL AND
CULTURAL FACTORS
INFLUENCE THE
SEVERITY AND
CONSEQUENCES OF
DISASTERS.
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

 IS AN APPROACH THAT
ANALYZES HOW
ECONOMIC FACTORS
INFLUENCE THE
RESPONSE AND
RECOVERY EFFORTS IN
THE AFTERMATH OF A
DISASTER.
POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE

 IS AN APPROACH
THAT ANALYZES
HOW POLITICAL
FACTORS INFLUENCE
THE RESPONSE AND
RECOVERY EFFORTS
IN THE AFTERMATH
OF A DISASTER.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
PERSPECTIVE

 IS AN APPROACH
THAT ANALYZES
HOW NATURAL
FACTORS INFLUENCE
THE SEVERITY AND
CONSEQUENCES OF
DISASTERS.
 CHAPTER 2
EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY

SED ANTHONY KEITH LAWRENCE

DAMASIN DUCOT RODRIGUEZ LLAMAZARES
ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARD

EXPOSURE REFERS TO THE 'ELEMENTS AT RISK’

FROM A NATURAL OR MAN-MADE HAZARD EVENT.
ELEMENTS AT RISK INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

1) HUMAN BEINGS;
2) DWELLINGS OR HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES;
3) BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES;
4) PUBLIC FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS;
5) PUBLIC AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM;
6) AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES; AND
7) ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS.
WHAT IS VULNERABILITY?

VULNERABILITY IS DEFINED AS "THE

CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
OF A COMMUNITY, SYSTEM OR ASSET THAT
MAKE IT SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE DAMAGING
EFFECTS OF A HAZARD".
What Is Vulnerability?

Vulnerability is defined as "the characteristics and

circumstances of a community, system or asset that
make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard".
REASONS WHY CERTAIN SECTORS OF SOCIETY ARE
MORE VULNERABLE TO DISASTER THAN OTHERS

VULNERABILITY CAN BE SEEN AS THE RESULT OF A

PROCESS IN WHICH VARIOUS DIFFERENT THINGS
CAUSE A POPULATION TO BE MORE VULNERABLE.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

> POPULATION DENSITY

AGE OF POPULATION

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

POPULATION DENSITY

> AGE OF POPULATION

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

POPULATION DENSITY

AGE OF POPULATION

> DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS

> WEALTH

EDUCATION

NATURE OF SOCIETY

UNDERSTANDING OF THE AREA

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS

WEALTH

> EDUCATION

NATURE OF SOCIETY

UNDERSTANDING OF THE AREA

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS

WEALTH

EDUCATION

> NATURE OF SOCIETY

UNDERSTANDING OF THE AREA

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS

WEALTH

EDUCATION

NATURE OF SOCIETY

> UNDERSTANDING OF THE AREA

COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS

> BUILDING CODES

SCIENTIFIC MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING

SYSTEMS

COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

EMERGENCY PLANNING
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS

BUILDING CODES

SCIENTIFIC MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING

>
SYSTEMS

COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

EMERGENCY PLANNING
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS

BUILDING CODES

SCIENTIFIC MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING

SYSTEMS

> COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

EMERGENCY PLANNING
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS

BUILDING CODES

SCIENTIFIC MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING

SYSTEMS

COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

> EMERGENCY PLANNING

DEALING WITH THE AFTER-EFFECTS

> INSURANCE COVER

EMERGENCY PERSONNEL

AID REQUEST
DEALING WITH THE AFTER-EFFECTS

INSURANCE COVER

> EMERGENCY PERSONNEL

AID REQUEST
DEALING WITH THE AFTER-EFFECTS

INSURANCE COVER

EMERGENCY PERSONNEL

> AID REQUEST

VULNERABILITY TO SPECIFIC HAZARDS

• THERE ARE MANY ASPECTS OF

VULNERABILITY, ARISING FROM VARIOUS
PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.
VULNERABILITY TO SPECIFIC HAZARDS

EXAMPLES MAY INCLUDE:

• POOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURES
• INADEQUATE PROTECTION MEASURES OF ASSETS
• LACK OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND AWARENESS
• LIMITED OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF RISKS AND
PREPAREDNESS MEASURES, AND
• DISREGARD FOR WISE ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT.
 1. PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY DESCRIBES THE ABILITY OF

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING HOMES,
ROADS, BRIDGES, HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, AND
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, TO WITHSTAND IMPACTS.
 2. SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

A NUMBER OF FACTORS,
INCLUDING POVERTY, LACK OF ACCESS TO
TRANSPORTATION, AND CROWDED HOUSING
 3. ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY

THE LEVEL OF VULNERABILITY IS HIGHLY

DEPENDENT UPON THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF
INDIVIDUALS, COMMUNITIES AND NATIONS.
 4. ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

IT REFERS TO BOTH, THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE

NEGATIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY AND THE DEGREE

TO WHICH A COMMUNITY IS CAPABLE OF COPING

WITH, RESISTING, AND RECOVERING FROM THE
IMPACTS OF SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS.
ELEMENTS AT RISK AND
EXPOSED TO HAZARDS

ALL OBJECTS, PERSONS, ANIMALS,

ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES THAT MAY BE
ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY HAZARDOUS
PHENOMENA, IN A PARTICULAR AREA,
EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY.
 RISK FACTORS

RISK FACTORS ARE CHARACTERISTICS

AT THE BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL,
FAMILY, COMMUNITY, OR CULTURAL
LEVEL THAT PRECEDE AND ARE
ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER
LIKELIHOOD OF NEGATIVE OUTCOMES.
 TRIAGRAM OF DISASTER RISK

EARTHQUAKE

VU
ENGINEERING
TSUNAMI

LN
ECONOMIC

RD
FLOODS

ER
SOCIAL

ZA

AB
CYCLONES RISK

HA

IL
BUSHFIRES

TYI
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANOES
EXPOSURE

PEOPLE BUILDINGS
BUSINESSES
INFRASTRUCTURE
 PHILIPPINE EXPOSURE
AND VULNERABILITIES
TO NATURAL DISASTERS

ACCORDING TO A REPORT, EIGHT OF 10 WORLD CITIES

MOST EXPOSED TO NATURAL HAZARDS ARE IN THE
PHILIPPINES AND MORE THAN HALF OF THE 100 CITIES
MOST EXPOSED TO EARTHQUAKES, STORMS AND
OTHER DISASTERS ARE IN FOUR ASIAN NATIONS,
ACCORDING TO A RESEARCH.
THE STUDY FOUND THAT THE 10 CITIES
MOST AT RISK ARE:

• PORT VILA IN VANUATU

• TUGUEGARAO IN CAGAYAN
• LUCENA IN QUEZON PROVINCE
• MANILA
• SAN FERNANDO IN PAMPANGA
• CABANATUAN IN NUEVA ECIJA
• BATANGAS
• TAIPEI
• SAN CARLOS
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

THE FOLLOWING BULLET STATEMENTS

EXPLAIN WHY THE PHILIPPINES IS
VULNERABLE TO NATURAL DISASTERS
SPECIFICALLY FROM THE EFFECTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE:
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• MANY OF OUR AREAS ARE ALSO AT OR

BELOW SEA LEVEL, AND THIS MAKES US
VULNERABLE TO FLOODING AND WORST,
INUNDATION WITH RISE IN SEA LEVEL.

• THE PHILIPPINES IS AN ARCHIPELAGIC

COUNTRY WITH MANY SMALL ISLANDS.
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• THE PHILIPPINES IS CONSIDERED "HIGH

RISK" IN TERMS OF THE COUNTRY'S
ABILITY TO MANAGE AND MITIGATE THE
IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARD AND IN
PART DUE TO "ENTRENCHED CORRUPTION
AND HIGH LEVELS OF POVERTY"
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• NATURAL HAZARD RISK IS COMPOUNDED

IN THE PHILIPPINES BY POOR
INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIETAL CAPACITY
TO MANAGE, RESPOND AND RECOVER
FROM NATURAL HAZARD EVENTS.
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• THE PHILIPPINES IS STILL A PRIMARILY

AGRICULTURAL AND FISHING ECONOMY.
DISRUPTIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND
FISHERY PRODUCTION AND DESTRUCTION
OF OUR ECOSYSTEMS WILL HAVE
DEVASTATING EFFECTS ON OUR ECONOMY
AND FOOD SECURITY.
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• WITH ONE OF THE LONGEST COASTLINES

IN THE WORLD AT 32,400 KILOMETERS, WE
HAVE MANY AREAS THAT ARE
VULNERABLE TO STORM SURGES.
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• THE RUGGED NATURE OF OUR

LANDSCAPE MAKES OUR COMMUNITIES
VERY VULNERABLE TO LANDSLIDES,
MUDFLOWS AND OTHER DISASTERS.
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• THE PHILIPPINES LIES IN THE PACIFIC

TYPHOON BELT AND WE ARE VISITED BY AN
AVERAGE OF 20 TYPHOONS EVERY YEAR.
PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL DISASTERS

• ASIDE FROM BEING AT RISK TO

TYPHOONS, THE PHILIPPINES IS ALSO AT
RISK TO VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (WE HAVE
ACTIVE VOLCANOES), QUAKES (SEVERAL
FAULT LINES WERE IDENTIFIED) AND
FLOODS (WE HAVE DENUDED MOUNTAINS).
ANY QUESTIONS?