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Mpad0010 Presentation - JM de Guzman

The document discusses the differences between data, information, business intelligence, and knowledge. It states that data are raw facts and figures that have little meaning on their own. Information is data that has been processed and organized to provide meaning and relevance. Business intelligence involves analyzing and reporting on data to support decision making. Knowledge encompasses a broader spectrum than data and information, and represents a deeper understanding that can be applied effectively. Knowledge includes both explicit knowledge that is formalized and tacit knowledge gained through experience.

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MAILA CAPULONG
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25 views14 pages

Mpad0010 Presentation - JM de Guzman

The document discusses the differences between data, information, business intelligence, and knowledge. It states that data are raw facts and figures that have little meaning on their own. Information is data that has been processed and organized to provide meaning and relevance. Business intelligence involves analyzing and reporting on data to support decision making. Knowledge encompasses a broader spectrum than data and information, and represents a deeper understanding that can be applied effectively. Knowledge includes both explicit knowledge that is formalized and tacit knowledge gained through experience.

Uploaded by

MAILA CAPULONG
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KNOWLEDGE

INFORMATION
AND DATA
MPAD0010
Management of Information and Knowledge for
Public Administrators

REPORTED BY: JUSTINE MICHAEL L. DE GUZMAN


DATA, INFORMATION, BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE,
KNOWLEDGE

DATA ARE RAW FACTS, FIGURES, AND SYMBOLS


WITH LITTLE OR NO MEANING ON THEIR OWN.

DATA DATA CAN BE UNSTRUCTURED (E.G., TEXT) OR


STRUCTURED (E.G., NUMBERS OR DATES)

DATA IS THE FOUNDATION FROM WHICH


INFORMATION, INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE ARE DERIVED.
DATA, INFORMATION, BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE,
KNOWLEDGE
INFORMATION IS DATA THAT HAS BEEN
PROCESSED, ORGANIZED, OR CONTEXTUALIZED
TO PROVIDE MEANING AND RELEVANCE

INFORMATIO
N
IT ANSWER QUESTIONS LIKE WHO, WHAT,
WHERE, AND WHEN.

INFORMATION IS STRUCTURED AND


PRESENTED IN A WAY THAT IS
UNDERSTANDABLE AND USEFUL
AVERAG AGE : 22.5
YOUNGEST AGE : 21
OLDEST AGE : 25

IT CAN BE USE TO CREATE


MEANINGFUL INTELLECTUAL
ASSETS.
DATA CAN BECOME INFORMATION WHEN…
DATA, INFORMATION, BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE,
KNOWLEDGE

IS A SET OF PROCESS, TOOLS, AND


TECHNOLOGIES, USED TO PERFORM RAW DATA
INTO ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS.
BUSINESS
IT INVOLVES DATA ANALYSIS, REPORTING, AND
INTELLIGENCE VISUALIZATION TO SUPPORT DECISION-
MAKING WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION.

IT FOCUSES ON ANSWERING “HOW” AND


“WHY” QUESTIONS, IDENTIFYING TRENDS, AND
PROVIDING HISTORICAL CONTEXT TO DATA.
TOTAL SALES FOR ALL CUSTOMERS ON
PLAN B : P 491, 233.50

AVERAGE AGE OF CUSTOMERS


PREFERRING SALESPERSON S3 : 23

AVERAGE COUPONS WOMEN USE : 3.7

AVERAGE COUPONS MEN USE : 1.0


KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE ENCOMPASSES A BROADER
SPECTRUM OF INFORMATION, INCLUDING
DATA, INFORMATION, EXPERTISE,
EXPERIENCES, AND INSIGHTS

IT REPRESENTS A DEEPER
UNDERSTANDING OF A SUBJECT AND
ABILITY TO APPLY THAT UNDERSTANDING
EFFECTIVELY.

KNOWLEDGE IS OFTEN CATEGORIZED AS


EXPLICIT AND TACIT KNOWLEDGE.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

EXPLICIT TACIT
KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE
- FORMALIZED AND - KNOWLEDGE/EXPERTISE
CODIFIED POSSESSED BY INDIVIDUALS.
- REFERRED TO KNOW- - REFERRED TO KNOW-HOW
WHAT - HARDER TO EXPRESS IN
- EASY TO IDENTIFY, STORE WORDS, DOCUMENTS OR
AND RETRIEVE. FORMALIZE.
- FOUND IN DOCUMENTS, - EXPERIENCE BASED
DATABASES, MANUALS, KNOWLEDGE
TEXTBOOKS OR OTHER - CONTEXT DEPENDENT AND
TANGIBLE FORMATS. PERSONAL IN NATURE.
EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
- EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE REFERS TO KNOWLEDGE THAT IS
FORMALIZED, CODIFIED, AND CAN BE EASILY ARTICULATED,
DOCUMENTED, AND COMMUNICATED IN A SYSTEMATIC AND
STRUCTURED MANNER.

- IT IS THE TYPE OF KNOWLEDGE THAT IS TYPICALLY FOUND IN


WRITTEN DOCUMENTS, DATABASES, MANUALS, TEXTBOOKS, OR
OTHER TANGIBLE AND EASILY ACCESSIBLE FORMATS.

- EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE IS HIGHLY ORGANIZED AND CAN BE READILY


SHARED AND TRANSFERRED AMONG INDIVIDUALS OR WITHIN
ORGANIZATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPLICIT
KNOWLEDGE
TANGIBLE : EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE EXISTS IN TANGIBLE AND CONCRETE
FORM, MAKING IT ACCESSIBLE TO OTHERS.

SYSTEMATIC : IT IS TYPICALLY ORGANIZED AND STRUCTURED IN A LOGICAL


MANNER, MAKING IT EASY TO FOLLOW AND UNDERSTAND.

DOCUMENTED : IT IS OFTEN DOCUMENTED AND WRITTEN DOWN, WHICH


ALLOWS FOR EASY STORAGE AND RETREIVAL.

TRANSFERRABLE : IT CAN BE SHARD AND TRANSFERRED TO OTHERS


THROUGH VARUOUS MEANS SUCH AS BOOKS, MANUALS, REPORTS, OR
DIGITAL DOCUMENTS.

OBJECTIVE: IT IS OFTEN OBJECETIVE AND BASED ON FACTS AND DATA


RATHER THAN PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OR SUBJECTIVITY.
TACIT KNOWLEDGE
- TACIT REFERS TO THE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE THAT
INDIVIDUALS POSSESS BUT FIND DIFFICULT TO EXPRESS IN WORDS,
DOCUMENT, OR FORMALIZE.

- IT IS OFTEN DEEPLY ROOTED IN PERSONAL EXPERIENCE, INTUITION,


SKILLS, AND THE “KNOW-HOW” THAT SOMEONE HAS ACQUIRED
THROUGH PRACTICE AND LEARNING.

- UNLIKE EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE WHICH CAN BE EASILY CODIIFED


AND TRANSFERRED THROUGH WRITTEN OR VERBAL MEANS, TACIT
KNOWLEDGE IS MORE CHALLENGING TO COMMUNITCATE AND
SHARE.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TACIT
KNOWLEGE
IMPLICIT : IT IS IMPLICIT AND OFTEN RESIDES IN A PERSON’S MIND, MAKING
IT HARD TO ARTICULATE OR CODIFY.

EXPERIENTIAL : IT IS TYPICALLY GAINED THROUGH PERSONAL EXPERIENCE


AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION RATHER THAN FORMAL INSTRUCTION.

CONTEXTUAL: IT IS HIGHLY CONTEXT-DEPENDENT AND MAY NOT BE EASILY


TRANSFERRABLE TO DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.

HARD TO TRANSFER: SHARING TACIT KNOWLEDGE OFTEN REQUIRES


DIRECT INTERACTION, OBSERVATION, OR HANDS-ON EXPERIENCE
EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE
- REFERS TO KNOWLEDGE THAT IS LOCKED IN PROCESSES,
PRODUCTS, CULTURE, ROUTINES, ARTIFACTS, OR STRUCTURES.

- KNOWLEDGE IS EMEDDED EITHER FORMALLY, SUCH AS THROUGH A


MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE TO FORMALIZE A CERTAIN ROUTINE, OR
INFORMALLY AS THE ORGANIZATION USES AND APPLIES THE OTHER
TWO KNOWLEDGE TYPES.

-EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE IS FOUND IN: RULES, PROCESSES,


MANUALS, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, CODES OF CODUCT, ETHICS,
PRODUCTS, ETC.
IN SUMMARY
DATA IS RAW MATERIAL,
INFORMATION IS PROCESSED DATA,
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE IS THE USE
OF DATA TO GAIN INSIGHTS, AND
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTS A DEEPER
UNDERSTANDING THAT INCLUDES
DATA, INFORMATION, EXPERTISE, AND
EXPERIENCE. THESE CONCEPTS ARE
INTERRELATED, WITH DATA BEING
THE FOUNDATIONAL ELEMENT, AND
THEY BECOME INCREASINGLY
VALUEABLE AS THEY PROGRESS FROM
RAW DATA TO KNOWLEDGE.

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