Java Programming: Array in Java

Dr. Kyawt Kyawt Htay

Lecturer

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 Objectives

• To know what is array in java.

• To explain why we should use an array.

• To understand using an array of primitive data types in writing a program.

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 Array in Java

• An array is a special type of container object which contains indexed collection of data
values of the same type.

• Arrays are created during runtime on the heap and follows the principle of the dynamic
allocation of data.

• The length of the array in Java cannot be increased or decreased after the array has
been created.

• Array length is fixed.

• Java supports arrays of all primitive and reference types.

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 Why we should use array?

• Consider a situation where we need to store five integer numbers. If we use

programming's simple variable and data type concepts, then we need five
variables of int data type and the program will be as follows −

int number1 = 10; int [ ] numarray = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int number2 = 20;
int number3 = 30;
int number4 = 40;
int number5 = 50; Multiple values of the
same types store under
a single name.
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 Array Declaration & Creation

• Array Declaration:
• The square brackets indicate the array declaration.
<data type> [ ] <arrayname> //Type-1 (Preferred)
(OR)
<data type> <arrayname> [ ] // Type-2 (C-style declaration)
• Array Creation:
<arrayname> = new <data type> [<size>]

• Example:
double [ ] rainfall = new double [12];

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 Fixed-size and Variable-size Array

• Fixed-size array:
double [ ] rainfall = new double[12];

• Variable-size array:
int size;
int [ ] number; //declare an array
System.out.print(“Enter size of an array: ");
size = scanner.nextInt();
number = new int[size]; //create an array
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 Array Initialization

• Like other data types, it is possible to declare and initialize an array at the same
time.
int [ ] number = { 1, 3, 5, 7 };

double [ ] samplingData = { 2.443, 8.99, 12.3, 45.009, 18.2, 9.00,

No need to 3.123, 22.084, 18.08 };
specify size
String [ ] monthName = { “January”, “February”, “Much”, “April”, “May”,
“June”, “July”, “August”, “September”,
“October”, “November”, “December” };

• An array has a public constant length variable for the size of an array.
number.length 4

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 Accessing Elements

• Individual elements in an array accessed with indexed expression.

index
rainfall
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

rainfall [2] Accessing element at

position #2

• The index of the first position in an array is 0.

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 Array Processing : Practice Program
import java.util.Scanner;
class Ch10RainfallStat {
public static void main (String [ ] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

String [ ] monthName = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August",
"September", "October", "November", "December" };
double [ ] rainfall = new double[12];
double [ ] quarterAverage = new double[4];

double annualAverage, sum, oddMonthSum, oddMonthAverage, evenMonthSum, evenMonthAverage;

sum = 0.0;

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 Cont’d

for (int i = 0; i < rainfall.length; i++) {

System.out.print("Rainfall for " + monthName[i] + ": ");
rainfall[i] = input.nextDouble();
sum += rainfall[i];
}
annualAverage = sum / 12.0;
System.out.printf( "\n Annual Average Rainfall: %06.2f\n\n", annualAverage);

monthName
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
January February March April May June July August September October November December

monthName[0] monthName[2] monthName[8]

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 Cont’d

oddMonthSum = evenMonthSum = 0.0;

for (int i = 0; i < rainfall.length; i += 2){
oddMonthSum += rainfall[i];
evenMonthSum += rainfall[i+1];
}
oddMonthAverage = oddMonthSum / 6.0;
evenMonthAverage = evenMonthSum / 6.0;

System.out.println("Odd & Even Month Rainfall Averages:");

System.out.printf("Odd Month Average: %-12.2f inches\n", oddMonthAverage);
System.out.printf("Even Month Average: %012.2f inches\n\n", evenMonthAverage);

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 Cont’d

System.out.println("Quarterly Rainfall Averages:");

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++){
sum += rainfall[3*i + j]; //one quarter
}
quarterAverage[i] = sum / 3.0; //average for Quarter i+1
System.out.printf( "Average Qtr %d: %6.5f inches\n",
(i+1), quarterAverage[i]);
}
}
}
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 Practice program

• Ch10RainfallStat.java

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 Summary

• What is array in java?

• Why we should use an array?

• How to use array of primitive data type arrays with sample program.

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 What will be next?

• Using Arrays of Objects

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