WEL COME

AGRICULTURAL PROCESS
ENGINEERING

 SUB CODE : PFE 3.1.4

 CREDIT -3(2+1)
 GROUP NO : 4
 NAME AND REG.NO
 VALAND VISHAL (4051319032)
 BHAGORA MANOJ ( 4051319007 )
 JADAV MILIND ( 4051319015 )
 BARIYA ISHWAR ( 4051319006)
 PATEL HIT ( 4051319022 )
 SOLANKI HITEN ( 4051319030)
 PARMAR CHETAN ( 4051319019 )
 PATEL MANAV (4051319023)
 INTRODUCTION TO MILLING MACHENERY

 Milling is a process of removing metal by

feeding the work against rotating multipoint
cutter
 They are usually used to machine flat surface.
 But can also produce irregular surface.
 They can also be used to drill.bore.cut gears
and produce slots .
 The type of milling machine most commonly
found in student shops is a vertical spindel
machine with a swiweling head.
TYPES OF MILLING MACHINE
 The milling machines are classified according to
the general design of the machine
 1.Column and knee type
 A)Plain milling machine
 B)Universal milling machine
 C)Omaniversal milling machine
 D)Vertical milling machine
 2.Table type milling machine
 3.Planer type milling machine
 4.Special type milling machine
SIZE REDUCTION MACHINERY
 Size reducing devices are grouped as follows:
 1.Crushers
 2.Grinders
 3.Fine grinders
 4.Cutting machines
PRINCIPELS OF SIZE REDUCTION
 Large capacity,
 Should yield a predesired sized product or
range of size,
 Small power input requirement per unit of
product handled and
 Easy and trouble free operation
 SIZE REDUCTION PROCEDURES
 Compression or crushing,
 Impact,
 Shearing, and
 Cutting.
 CRUSHING
 The particles produced after crushing are
irregular in shape and size.
 Food grain flour, grits and meal , ground feed
for livestock are made by crushing process.
 Crushing is also used to extract oil from
oilseeds and juice from sugarcane.
 IMPACT
 When a material is subjected to sudden blow of
force in excess of its strength, it fail, like
cracking of nut with the help of a hammer.
 Operation of hammer mill is an example of
dynamic force application by impact method.
 SHEARING
 It is a process of size reduction which combines
cutting and crushing.
 The shearing units consist of a knife and a bar.
 In a good shearing unit the knife is usually
thick enough to overcome the shock resulting
from material hitting.
 In an ideal shearing unit the clearance between
the bar and the knife should be as small as
practicable and the knife as sharp and thin as
possible.
 CUTTING
 In this method, size reduction is accomplished
by forcing a sharp and thin knife through the
material.
 An ideal cutting device is a knife of excellent
sharpness and it should be as thin as
practicable.
 The size of vegetables and fruits are reduced by
cutting.
JAW CRUSHERS
 A jaw crusher is a type of primary crusher handling rocks with top
size of 1500mm down to 500mm for a full sized crusher.
The capacity range of a industrial sized jaw crushers is between 30
and 1200 tons per hour.
The jaw crusher is a work horse and can commonly be seen as a
mobile crushing unit. A principal illustration of the crusher shown in
figur.
There are two plates, one fixed and one moving.
The moving one is driven by an eccentricity on the shaft, which the
fly wheel sits .
HIGH PRESSURE GRINDING
ROLLS(HPGR)
 The High Pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) crusher originates from the
roller crusher and was developed in Germany during the 1980’s .
The reasoning behind the development started with Schönert classifying
different means of communication, concluding that the most efficient mode of
breaking rock is single particle breakage (one rock at the time, 2 contact
points), and thereafter inter particle breakage (many rocks at once, many
more contact points) or bed communication
A explaination of single particle and inter particle communication is given
by
A schematic illustration of an HPGR is shown in .
The HPGR machine is a roller crusher equipped with hydraulic cylinders
pushing on the floating roller body, this is different from the older traditional
smooth roller crusher.
The HPGR is a crusher operating on material smaller than 50 mm top size
for large machines. The capacity can be tuned by setting the roller speed and
the maximum capacity is above 3000 (tons/hour) for large units .
 For large units. For a unit with installed varible frequency drives
(VFD) for the motors, the roller speed can be changed online, which is also
the case for the pressure setting in the hydraulics. Roller speed and pressure
are the
two main manipulated variables that can be used to control the HPGR.
The HPGR have been subject to extensive modeling, the background
models
were developed by Austin for roller crushers with soft feed materials, such
as coal [ After the appearance of the high pressure grinding rolls crusher
Schönert and
Feurstenau published multiple papers on modeling attempts . Later steady
state models appeared from for example Benzer and Ardogan and Morrell
Modeling of the HPGR have also been attempted with DEM by for example
Quist and Barrios . Research on industrial HPGR applications have been
demonstrated by Powell , Daniel , Rule and Herbst .
Gyratory Crusher
 The Gyratory Crusher is made up of six
main components, Base, Main frame and
concave liners, Drive assembly, Mantle,
Spider arm assembly, Oil system.
The base is the section of the crusher that
provides an entry point for the drive
assembly and oil system. It also provides
support for the working surface of the main
frame and liners.
A VERTICAL DISK ATTRITION MILL
 Attrition mills use the hammer mill principle to a
certain extent; i.e., shattering by/impact. However,
they also impart a shearing and cutting action. ...
The discs of an attrition mill are generally in a
vertical position so that materials not capable of
reduction can pass by gravity out of the grinding
area.
The attrition mill is a device for mechanically
reducing solid particle size by intense agitation of a
slurry of material being milled and coarse milling
media.
HAMMER MILL
Hammer mill used for various types of size reduction
jobs. these mills contain a high-speed rotor, rotating
inside a cylindrical casing.
the shaft is usually kept horizontal.
Mater Hammer mials are fed into the mill from the top
of the casin mills g and is broken by the rotating
hammer and fall out through a screen at the bottom. the
material or feed is broken by fixed or swinging hammers
which are pinned to a rotor. The hammers are rotated
between 1500 to 4000 rpm,strike and grind the material
until it becomes small enough to pass through the
bottom screen . Fineness of grinding is controlled by the
screen size.
BALL MILL
 A ball mill consists of a hollow
cylindrical shell that rotates about its axis.
It is partially filled with balls that
can be made in chrome steel, stainless
steel, rubber or ceramic.
The inner part of the shell is usually
lined with an abrasion-resistant material
such as manganese steel or rubber.
For many years, Hardox steel has been
used in inlet chutes and gratings to help
extend service life and decrease
downtime in ball mills.
RICE HULLER
 A rice huller or rice husker is an agricultural
machine used to automate the process of
removing the chaff (the outer husks) of grains
of rice.
Throughout history, there have been
numerous techniques to hull rice. Traditionally,
it would be pounded using some form of
mortar and pestle.
An early simple machine to do this is a rice
pounder.
Later even more efficient machinery was
developed to hull and polish rice.
These machines are most widely developed
and used throughout Asia where the most
popular type is the Engelberg huller designed
by German Brazilian engineer Evaristo
Conrado Engelberg in Brazil and first patented
DEWATERING SCREW PRESS
 A dewatering screw press is a screw press that
separates liquids from solids. A screw press can
be used in place of a belt press, centrifuge, or filter
paper.
It is a simple, slow moving device that
accomplishes dewatering by continuous
gravitational drainage.
Screw presses are often used for materials that
are difficult to press, for example those that tend
to pack together.
The screw press squeezes the material against a
screen or filter and the liquid is collected through
the screen for collection and use.
RICE POLISHERS
Rubber roll sheller working principle
 As soon as the cleaned paddy gets on the
vibration channel.
 The channel is activated by a photocell and
conveys.
 The product automatically via a chute to the
rubber rolls.
 The diagonally mounted rubber rolls are
brought pneumatically into working position.
 A rice polisher is a machine for buffing
kernels of rice to change their appearance, taste,
and texture or for transforming brown rice into
white rice.
Rice polishers are abrasive machines that use
talc or some other very fine dust to buff the outer
surface of rice kernels.
Rice processing
To whiten rice, you first need to remove the
bran from brown rice. Then polish the rice by
gently rubbing the rice kernels against each
other.
This removes the dust and leaves a silky luster
– ready to look good on supermarket shelves. 30
% of the world's rice is processed using Bühler
equipment.
RUBBER –ROLL SHELLER
 The SCHULE rubber roll shesller A is used in
rice processing plants if the paddy rice is to be
shelled carefully at high capacities
 As soon as the cleaned paddy gets on the
vibration channel, the channel is activated by a
photocell and conveys the product
automatically via a chute to the rubber rolls.
 The diagonally mounted rubber rolls are
brought pneumatically into working position.
 ROLL CRUSHER
 Roll crusher are used for producing additional
reductions in the sizes of stone after the output of a
quarry has been subjected to one or more stages of
prior crushing.
 Roll crusher have theoretical maximum reduction
ratio of 4:1 if a 2 inch particle is fed to the roll
crusher the absolute smallest size one could expect
from the crusher is 1/2 inch. roll crusher will only
material down to a minimum particle size of about
10 mesh (2mm).A roll crusher using compression
with two rolls rotating about a shaft towards the gap
between the rolls
FLUID ENERGY MILL
 PRINCIPLE:-Impact and attrition (between material
and material)
 Milling takes place due to high velocity collisions
between the suspended particles.
 CONSTRUCTION:
 It consists of an elliptical or loop of pipe.
 Height of pipe about two meter.
 Diameter of pipe is 20 to200 millimeters.
 Feed inlet is fitted in the path of the airflow.
 An outlet is fitted upper side of pipe.
 It is made of stainless steel or tough ceramics
RICE WHITENER
 Removal of bran layers from brown rice.
 Equipment –vertical whitening cone.
 Specification-
 Cast iron cylinder with abrasive stone coating
 A wire screen is fixed around
 Distance between coating and screen 4.5 to
6mm.
 Barn aspirator –remove the barn layer.
 Driven motor -5 hp.
SCREW PRESS DESIGN
Worldwide, for extraction of oil from seeds, fruits
and nuts, four basic methods are used,
as it follows:
chemical extraction (which is a method based on
the use of enzymes or solvent to
extract the oil from the raw material),
extraction using high pressure carbon dioxide (i.e.
supercritical fluid extraction,
SFE),
steam distillation (the method used for the
extraction of 93% from the essential
oils),
mechanical expression (which requires the
application of pressure to force oil out
of the oil bearing material)
RICE HULLER HEAD
The Gear Box is the ingenious device resulting from the High-level technique
and excellent equipment.
2.The Gear Box is the ingenious device resulting from the High-level
technique and excellent equipment.
3.High efficiency and excellent capacity.
4.Easy operation and economical system.
5.Gear box with high class oil seal and no leakage.
HUSKING MACHINE
A rice huller or rice husker is an agricultural machine used to
automate the process of removing the chaff (the outer husks) of
grains of rice.
Throughout history, there have been numerous techniques to
hull rice.
Traditionally, it would be pounded using some form of mortar
and pestle.
PLAIN MILLING
 Process to get the flat surface on the work piece
In which the cutter axis and work piece axis are
Parallel.
 The primary motion is the rotation of the
cutter.
 The feed is imparted to the work pieces .
 GRINDERS
 The grinders are used to mill the grains into
power.
 The grinder comprises a variety of size-
reduction machine like attrition mills, hammer
mills, impactors and rolling compression mills.
 GROUP :-5
 NAME AND REG.NO
 VALAND VISHAL (4051319032)
 BHAGORA MANOJ ( 4051319007 )
 JADAV MILIND ( 4051319015 )
 BARIYA ISHWAR ( 4051319006)
 PATEL HIT ( 4051319022 )
 SOLANKI HITEN ( 4051319030)
 PARMAR CHETAN ( 4051319019 )
 PATEL MANAV (4051319023)