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Neuman Chapter 2

The document discusses different dimensions of social research including the use, purpose, time dimensions, and data collection methods in research studies. Some key dimensions are basic versus applied research, exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory purposes, cross-sectional, longitudinal and case study time frames, and qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches.

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michael orolfo
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39 views13 pages

Neuman Chapter 2

The document discusses different dimensions of social research including the use, purpose, time dimensions, and data collection methods in research studies. Some key dimensions are basic versus applied research, exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory purposes, cross-sectional, longitudinal and case study time frames, and qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches.

Uploaded by

michael orolfo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER 2: DIMENSIONS OF

RESEARCH
• DIMENSION: A VARIABLE PROPERTY
OR QUALITY

• FOR EXAMPLE, PHYSICAL OBJECTS


HAVE HEIGHT, WIDTH, DEPTH;
WEIGHT; MOMENTUM; ETC.
DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL
RESEARCH
• USE OF RESEARCH: BASIC OR
APPLIED
• PURPOSE: EXPLORATORY,
DESCRIPTIVE, EXPLANATORY
• TIME: CROSS-SECTIONAL,
LONGITUDINAL, CASE STUDY
• DATA COLLECTION: QUALITATIVE,
QUANTITATIVE
USE OF RESEARCH
• BASIC: GENERATE NEW KNOWLEDGE,
THEORY
• APPLIED: SOLVE PROBLEMS
• IN PRINCIPLE, THEY ARE
– C0MPLEMENTARY
– OVERLAPPING
• IN PRACTICE, BASIC RESEARCH IS
MORE PRESTIGEOUS
BASIC RESEARCH
• DEVELOPS OR TESTS KEY TOOLS OF
SOCIAL RESEARCH AND
KNOWLEDGE:
– THEORIES
– CONCEPTS
– METHODS
APPLIED RESEARCH
• FOCUS ON SOLVING PROBLEMS
• TYPES
– SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: WHAT
ARE THE LIKELY CONSEQUENCES OF A
PLANNED POLICY OR PROGRAM?
– EVALUATION: OF A POLICY OR PROGRAM
– HOW WELL DOES IT WORK?
– ACTION:EMPOWERS MEMBERS OF THE
COMMUNITY TO IDENTIFY AND SOLVE
PROBLEMS
PUBLIC SOCIOLOGY
Engages sociology in conversation with
society about values, vision, analysis,
direction
Types
traditional – writing or speaking for broad
but thin audience
grassroots – working with groups in the
community
May combine basic and applied
Grassroots Public Sociology and
Action Research
• Goals are similar: empowerment, social
change
• Action research often focuses on solving
specific problems
• Public sociology also creates larger,
critical conversations about social vision,
values, analysis, and strategies for change
PURPOSES OF A STUDY
• EXPLORATORY – LEARN ABOUT A NEW
TOPIC OR QUESTION
• DESCRIPTIVE – PROVIDE QUALITATIVE
AND/OR QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION
• EXPLANATORY – DEVELOP OR TEST
THEORY

SEE BOX 2.2 ON PAGE 29


NO NEED TO MEMORIZE, BUT BE FAMILIAR
WITH BASIC IDEAS OF EACH PURPOSE
THE TIME DIMENSION
• CROSS-SECTIONAL - SNAPSHOT
• LONGITUDINAL – SERIES OF
SNAPSHOTS
– TIME-SERIES –SAME “UNITS OF
OBSERVATION” EACH TIME
– PANEL – SAME INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS,
ETC.
– COHORT – SAME LIFE EXPERIENCES
SHARED BY MEMBERS
THE TIME DIMENSION, continued
• CASE STUDIES – ‘CONTINUOUS’
VIDEO
– EXAMINE A GROUP, EVENT,
ORGANIZATION, ETC. OVER TIME
– COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES
DATA COLLECTION
• QUANTITATIVE
– EXPERIMENTS
• IN LAB OR IN ‘REAL LIFE’
• USUALLY INVOLVES COMPARING
EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPS,
BEFORE AND AFTER ‘TREATMENT(S)’ GIVEN
TO EXPERIMENTAL GROUP(S)
DATA COLLECTION, CONTINUED

• QUANTITATIVE, CONTINUED
– SURVEYS
• THE MOST COMMON FORM OF SOCIOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
• INVOLVES ADMINISTERING A QUESTIONNAIRE TO A
POPULATION OR SAMPLE
– CONTENT ANALYSIS – OF ‘SYMBOLIC MATERIAL’
– EXISTING STATISTICS – ANALYSIS OF
PREVIOUSLY-COLLECTED DATA
DATA COLLECTION, CONTINUED
• QUALITATIVE DATA
– FIELD RESEARCH (OR PARTICIPANT
OBSERVATION)
• GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH
• RECONSTRUCTION APPROACH

– HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
• DATA: ARCHIVES (MEETING NOTES, MINUTES,
LETTERS, ETC.), MEMOIRS, BOOKS,
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, INTERVIEW
TRANSCRIPTS, ETC.

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