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Educ 3

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15 views12 pages

Educ 3

Uploaded by

donnafe.guartel1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WHAT IS CULTURE?

• The word "CULTURE" is derived from LATIN word


"cultura" which means " TO GROW OR TO CIVILIZE“
• According to Edward Tylor defines culture as “the complex
whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals,
custom, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a
member of society”
• According to ROBERT BIERSTEDT Culture is the complex
whole that consist of everything we think and do and have as a
member of society.
• According to MALINOWSKI Culture is the handwork of
man and medium through which he achieves his ends.
CULTURE
• The way of life.
• Our continent, our collective identity.
• It is the "glue" that binds a group of people
together.
• It is the context within which we exist, think, feel,
and relate to others.
• A "blueprint" that "guides the behavior of people
in a community and is incubated in family life.
• The ideas, customs, skills, arts, and tools that
characterize a given group of people in a given period
of time.
• Establishes for each person a context of cognitive and
affective behavior, a template for personal and social
existence.
• A dynamic system of rules, explicit and implicit,
established by groups in order to ensure their
survival, involving attitudes, values, beliefs, norms,
and behaviors, shared by a group but harbored
differently by each specific unit within the group,
communicated across generations, relatively stable
but with the potential to change across time.
2 TYPES OF CULTURE
• MATERIAL CULTURE -is the totality of physical
objects and belongings of members of a group of
people. Material culture includes objects made by
the group and objects obtained by the group in other
ways, such as trading, stealing, or extracting
something from the natural environment to serve as
an object for human use.
• NON-MATERIAL CULTURE- refers to
the intangible aspects of a society’s
culture, including values, norms,
language, beliefs, and symbolic
meanings. It represents the unseen
spiritual and intellectual substance of
a society’s culture.
5 basic characteristics of culture;

1. Culture is learned
2. Culture is transmitted
3. Culture is adaptive
4. Culture is symbolic
5. Culture is Dynamic
Components of Culture - are simply parts
(ingredients, items, pieces, features) that make up a
culture.

1. Survival
a. food - edible source of energy
b. clothing - protective covering for the body
c. defense - tools and strategies used to
protect people from threats
d. shelter - structure used to protect people
and their belongings
2. Education - the way people in a culture learn
what they need to know in order to be successful
in their culture.
3. Transportation - the way a culture gets
people and goods from one place to another.
4. Communication - the way a culture shares
ideas and messages.
5. Economy - the way people in a culture get
what they need and want.
6. Technology – man made tools that make life
easier
7. Social Structure - who is considered
important in a culture and who isn't.
8. Beliefs and Traditions - the ideas a
culture believes in and the way they celebrate
those beliefs
9. Rules and Regulations - the rules that
maintain order in a culture and the structure
that maintains those rules
10. Arts & Recreation - the way a culture
spends its spare time and expresses itself
creatively
Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism and Cultural
relativity
• Ethnocentrism - means to apply one's own
culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to
judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs,
and people, instead of using the standards of the
particular culture involved. Since this judgment is
often negative, some people also use the term to
refer to the belief that one's culture is superior
to, or more correct or normal than, all others—
especially regarding the distinctions that define
each ethnicity's cultural identity, such as
language, behavior, customs, and religion.
• Xenocentrism-is the preference for the
cultural practices of other cultures and
societies, such as how they live and what they
eat, rather than of one's own social way of life.
• Cultural relativity- (sometimes called
cultural relativism) is a position, developed by
early anthropologists, that states we must
understand individuals in the context of their
own culture. In other words, we can't judge
what others do based on the standards of our
culture, but on the standards found in their
culture.

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