UMTS Radio Network

Optimization Process
Contents

 Introduction of UMTS radio network

optimization
 Classification of UMTS radio network
optimization
 Process of UMTS radio network optimization
 Basic knowledge of UMTS radio network
optimization
 Let’s start from the following aspects to understand network
optimization:
 What is network optimization?
 Service concept of network planning and optimization
 Reasons for network optimization
 Types of network optimization

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 What is Network Optimization?

 Radio network optimization refers to a rational adjustment

process on radio communication network planning and design
by means of various optimization measures.
 Via optimization, network coverage can be improved, network
capacity can be expanded, network QoS and network resource
utilization enhanced, so that networks will be running more
reliably and more economically.

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 Service Concept of Network Planning and
Optimization
 A top-notch network is demanded by customers, started from
planning, improved during the process and gets its heyday via
optimization
Network
Coverage capacity

Operator
revenue

Quality of
¥ Operation
cost
service

Q
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 Cause of Network Optimization

 The network quality can not meet the planning design

requirements. This generally occurs during the early stage of
network construction, in which the network coverage and
interference may not reach the requirement standard.
 The network environment has changed. For example, the
increase of voice and data subscribers results in the deterioration
of network performance; the actual environment of the city has
changed, which deteriorates the network coverage in some areas.
When the change of the network environment makes the original
designed network unable to meet the requirements of the
current environment, the network need be optimized and
adjusted and suggests for subsequent network capacity
expansion shall be put forward.
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 Types of Network Optimization

 In different stages of UMTS network construction, the objectives

of network optimization are also different from each other.
 Depending on the time segment, work objectives and work
content of its implementation, optimization can be divided into
Engineering Optimization and operation/maintenance
optimization .

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Contents

 Introduction of UMTS radio network optimization

 Classification of UMTS radio network
optimization
 Process of UMTS radio network optimization
 Classification of Network Optimization

 Engineering optimization
 Engineering optimization refers to the network optimization conducted after
the completion of network construction and before the number allocation. Its
major purpose to enable the network to work normally and ensure that the
network can fulfill the planned coverage and interference objectives.
 The major work contents of Engineering Optimization include:

Eliminating the hardware fault of the system

Checking whether the cell configuration is consistent with the planned objective of
the network

Making the coverage and interference reach a satisfactory level

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 Classification of Network Optimization

 Operation and maintenance optimization

 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) optimization indicates to improve the
network quality and customer’s degree of satisfaction through optimization
during the operation of the network.
 It includes three parts of contents:

Routine maintenance

Stage optimization

Network operation analysis

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 Engineering Optimization

 At different stages of UMTS network construction, the objectives

of network optimization are also different. .
 The objectives of (Pre-launch) Engineering Optimization include:
 Enabling the network to work normally
 Issues deserving attention: coverage function and interference

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 Engineering Optimization

 Eliminate the hardware fault of the system:

 It is very important to eliminate any hardware fault from the system.
 Generally hardware faults are eliminated according to the division of base
station cluster.
 The elimination of hardware faults is the responsibility of the equipment
supplier.
 However, it is also very important for the carrier to understand the process of
hardware fault elimination and obtain the ability for checking the equipment.

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 Engineering Optimization

 Check the cell configuration:

 Whether the site is in the correct position
 Whether the type of the antenna is correct
 Whether the installation height, direction angle and downward tilt angle are
all deployed according to the planned solution
 Whether the type of the feeder is correct and whether its length is
appropriate
 Whether parameters (such as common channel power) of the cell are
consistent with the planned parameters.

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 Engineering Optimization

 Objectives for coverage and interference optimization

 Typical threshold:
 The intensity of the pilot received in 95% of the coverage area is greater than
-89dBm (in dense urban areas) or -94dBm (in general urban area).
 The pilot Ec/Io measured in 95% of the coverage area is greater than -10dB.

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 Engineering Optimization

 Steps for improving the coverage:

 Conduct drive test and collect the drive test data.
 Analyze the drive test data to determine the holes of the coverage.
 Assess the seriousness of the coverage holes and order them according to the
priority.
 Solve the coverage problems according to the priority till the objective of the
coverage optimization is fulfilled.

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 Engineering Optimization

 Steps for improving the interference:

 Determine the areas where the pilot Ec/Io is lower than the threshold.
 Check the pilot level in these areas (which may have more than 3 pilots).
 From the pilots received in these areas, find the pilots unexpected (these
pilots come from the cells that are not designed to provide coverage for
these areas).
 Reduce the intensity of these “unexpected” pilots (generally by increasing
the downward tilt). Pay attention to the influence resulting therefrom on the
coverage within the service range of the cell (the influence can be checked
with the planning tool).

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 O&M Optimization

 Objectives of post-launch o&m optimization:

 Improving the QoS
 Increasing the system capacity
 Increasing the coverage range of the service (for example, increasing the
coverage range of high-speed data service)
 Providing better service for hot-spot areas
 Maximizing the return of the investment

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 O&M Optimization

 The major work contents of the post-launch O&M Optimization

include:
 Adding base station
 Further sectorizing existing base station
 Optimizing the parameters
 Reducing the interference
 Using more than 1 carriers
 Implementing the layered cell structure
 Providing the solution for indoor coverage

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 O&M Optimization

 Network operation analysis is Start

suitable for a network in formal

operation. OMC performance Retrieve background data
Background
statistics data
OMC engineer
statistic data can be extracted and
analyzed periodically, possible
Analyze data and
equipment and network problems network performance Network
running
analysis
can be analyzed and then network Optimizing engineer
report

operation analysis report can be

submitted to provide a reference End

for the customer’s network Flow for

network
adjustment and optimization. operation
analysis

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Contents

 Introduction of UMTS radio network optimization

 Classification of UMTS radio network
optimization
 Process of UMTS radio network optimization
 Network Optimization Flow
Start
Artificial/plan Optimization
report Preliminary setup project plan
Frequency scan

Aligning test

Network data collection

Network
Data analysis evaluation report
Parameter check

Problem positioning
Optimizing
Making optimization plan adjustment plan

Carrying out optimization plan Optimizing

adjustment record
Optimization verification

Network
performance meets
the requirements?

Network optimization
Optimization project acceptance report

Data archive

End
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 Preparations

 Analyzing the Requirements

 Understand the coverage and capacity requirements.
 Confirm the setting of the optimization test parameters.
 Confirm the work division interface with the customer.
 Confirm the acceptance standard of each item.
 Drawing the work plan
 The work plan should be drawn according to such conditions as the network
scale, human and equipment resources as well as the customer’s objective
and requirement for the network optimization. Then output the Optimization
Plan for UMTS Radio Network in XX Service Area.

A perfect work plan is the guarantee for the smooth implementation of

network optimization and can also be used to monitor the optimization
progress.

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 Preparations

 Collecting and investigating materials

 Obtain the UMTS Radio Network Simulation Report in XX Service Area and
UMTS Radio Network Planning Report in XX Service Area at the network
planning stage.
 Obtain the site information, antenna feeder information and the setting of the
system parameters in the current network.
 Make clear the problems in the current network.
 Preparing optimization tool
 DT tools are the basic tools for network optimization test. They include DT
software, test mobile phone, receiver and GPS. Besides, some DT equipment
requires a dual-serial-port card.
 Possible signaling analyzer need be used for signaling tracing and locating. If
interference test need be conduct, device such as spectrograph may be
required; If the engineering parameters need be adjusted, then devices such
as compass may be used.
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 Spectrum Scanning (Optional)

 Spectrum scanning
 With the authorization from the customer, scan and confirm the frequencies
used by the network at present in the optimization area to ensure that the
frequencies are clean and available.

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 Calibration Test (Optional)

 Calibration test
 Calibration test of vehicle-mounted antenna
 Calibration test of the external antenna of the test mobile phone
 Test of the average penetration loss of the vehicle body
 Test of building loss

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 Collection of Network Data

 Source of network optimization data:

 DT data
 CQT data
 OMC performance statistic data
 User complaint information
 Alarm information
 Other data

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 Parameter Requirement for Data Collection
 Only under the same load condition and on the same paging mode, can
the comparison be carried out between the network evaluations.
Therefore, you should firstly understand the parameter selection of the
network data.
The loads in the network evaluation test can be divided into types: on busy, with
load and without load (or light load). For the network in running and with large
number assignment, the “on busy” evaluation is adopted; for the newly
created network, the “with load” or “without load” evaluation is adopted.

 In terms of call duration, the call modes can be divided into continuous
long call and periodic call.

The difference between this two call modes is the duration. The call
duration for the continuous long call is as long as possible, while that
for the periodic call is fixed (the duration is determined by the real
situation.

The times of periodic call reflects the processing capability and the
result is closer to the user’s usage, while the continuous long time
call reflects the system’s switching capability.

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 DT Data Collection

 Drive Test (DT) refers to the process to move along a selected

path in the coverage area and then record various test data and
location information through DT equipment. The items in CS
service DT assessment include coverage rate, call success rate,
call drop rate, conversation quality and handover success rate.
The major items in PS service DT assessment include PDP
context activation success rate and the average uplink/downlink
transmission rate.

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 DT Data Collection

 The DT data to be collected includes:

 Ec/Io, Pilot Power, UE TX Power, Neighbours, Call Success/Drops and
Handover statistics; FER/BLER, Delay
 DT devices include: Scanner, test mobile phone, DT software and
GPS. As for the on-site test software, the special test software for
UMTS radio network optimization ZXPOS CNT(UMTS Edition) can
be adopted.

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 DT Data Collection

 Both scanner and test mobile phone can be used for network
data collection. However they are different from each other in
some way.

 Scanner is used for to collect complete radio network

information, and implement pilot analysis test and spectrum
analysis test.

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 DT Data Collection

 Test mobile phone is used to understand the use situation of the users
and collect the downlink information on the network. It implements the
following functions:

Collecting the measurement data of the mobile phone, including pilot

power, Ec/Io, UE Tx power, neighbor cells, RSSI and FER/BLER.

Call class event and performance statistics: including the statistics of call
drop rate, blocking rate, call success rate, handover success rate, voice
service quality and data service rate.

Collecting the signaling of aerial interface: decoding L3 messages such as

access, paging, synchronization and downlink/uplink service messages.

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 DT Principles

 UMTS system is a self-interference system. On different network

load conditions, the DT result will also be different. Thus, before
the test the network load need be confirmed.
 An appropriate test time need be selected according to the load
selection of different networks.
 Based on the area that the test path belongs to, DT can be
divided into urban DT and artery DT.
 The test conditions shall be kept consistent for tests conducted
before and after the optimization.

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 Selection of test path

 Radial path and ring path shall be selected as the DT path.

 The radial path can reflect the variation of the signal quality
according to the change of the base station distance.
 The ring path can provide the prediction of the signal quality in
different directions of the base station.
 During the optimization test, generally three test paths need be
defined for each base station cluster. Besides, the test paths
before and after the optimization shall be kept consistent.

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 Consistency requirement for test conditions

 The same test tool and parameter setting shall be adopted before and after the
optimization whenever possible.
 The same test antenna and feeder shall be adopted before and after the
optimization.
 The same analyzers shall be sent to process the data.
 The test path shall be selected before and after the optimization.
 To guarantee the consistency of the UE movement speed, the distance-based
sampling mode instead of time-based sampling mode is adopted for sampling
the data. The DT tool cannot sample data in the distance-based mode, data
collected can be paused when the vehicle stops in the case of red light.
 Check whether the loaded test is conducted in the test area. Ensure that the test is
conducted at the same time segment in each day to obtain the basically the same
network load conditions.
 Conduct the test in the same period.

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 Features of DT data

 Including the geographical location information

 Subject to the restriction of selected test path, which influences

the accuracy of the test result

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 CQT Data Collection

 CQT refers to the fixed-point test conducted at important places

in the coverage area.
 Scenic spot, airport, railway station, bus station and port
 Important hotels (star-level hotels)
 Catering and entertainment sites, large shopping malls
 Important residential communities and office areas
 Other important areas
 Conduct the CQT at a fixed places and record various data at
each place. At each test place several calls shall be originated.
 Fixed-point CQT includes CS service test and PS service test. The
specific test contents are related to the customer’s requirement
and shall be determined according to the actual situation.

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 CQT principles

 Test time requirement

 The following factors shall be considered during the selection of
test site:
 The traffic of the area where the test point is located: for a network in formal
operation, generally a site with large traffic shall be selected.
 Geographical sector of the area where the test site is located: 80% of the test
sites shall be indoor while 20% shall be outdoor. Besides, the sites shall be
geographically distributed evenly.
 Radio environment of the area where the test site is located: a place where
repeater or indoor distribution system is installed shall be preferred as the
test site.
 Areas where there may be network problems: areas that may become
coverage blind areas, for example, street canyons between high buildings or
places in areas with multiple carriers

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 Features of CQT data

 Including geographical location information

 Subject to the restriction of the selected test path, which

influences the accuracy of the test result

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 OMC Performance Statistic Data Collection

 The extraction of OMC performance statistic data is suitable for

a network that has already been commercially applied on a
Concept
large scale. The data are objective and abundant and reflect
the operation quality of the whole network from the point of
view of statistics. The network performance index obtained in
this way can be used as the most important basis for assessing
the network performance.

 The counter value required for calculating the network KPI can
be extracted flexibly. Besides, the statistics can be conducted
Extraction
flexibly according to different statistic range, or performance
statistics table can be made according to the customer’s
requirement.

 Based on the statistics of large amount of sampling data, the

background NMS reflects the operation quality of the network
Features under its management.
 The statistic range varies from one another. In some cases the
statistic unit is RNC and in other cases the unit is logic cell.
 Counters for calculating various network performance indices
are provided.

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 User Complaint Information Collection

 As the end user of the network service, ordinary user has more
direct experience of the network performance.
 The user complaint information most directly reflects the disadvantage of the
network.
 Users are most concerned with the problems included in the complaints,
which need be solved as soon as possible.
 The complaint includes geographical location information.
 Generally the problems complained include poor signal coverage quality,
difficulty for call completion and frequent call drop.

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 Alarm Information Collection

 Alarm information includes the alarm information of the RNC,

Node B and CN background NMS.
 It reflects the abnormal or near-abnormal status in equipment
use or network operation. During network optimization, the
alarm information deserves close attention and need be viewed
periodically, so that warning information or problems can be
found in time to avoid the occurrence of accident.

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 Other Data Collection

 In addition to the data listed above, there are data obtained

through the signaling analysis system, network flow test system
and voice quality assessment system.

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 Data Analysis

 Data analysis indicates to make clear the network operation

quality, assess the network performance, find and locating the
possible network problems and provide suggestions for network
optimization by analyzing the DT data, CQT data, OMC
performance statistic data, user complaint information and alarm
information.

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 DT Data Analysis

 Conduct geographical analysis, electronic table analysis, graphical

analysis, user-defined event analysis and statistic analysis for the
network data collected through signal receiver and test mobile phone.
 The major network indices obtained through DT data analysis include:
 CS domain service: including coverage rate, call success rate, call drop
rate and changeover rate
 PS domain service: PDP content activation success rate,
downlink/uplink average transmission rate

By analyzing these indices with reference t the test conditions, we can

basically know the coverage holes, interference and pilot solution of the
network.

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 DT Data Analysis

 ZXPOS CNA(UMTS Edition) is a special analysis software for

UMTS radio network optimization. Based on the DT data and
other auxiliary data, it can conduct several kinds of intelligent
analysis for the radio network to locate the network problems
quickly and accurately and implement network optimization.

Geographical Analysis Electronic Table Analysis

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 DT Data Analysis

Graphical Analysis

User-defined Event Analysis Statistic Analysis

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 CQT Data Analysis

 Adopt special network optimization analysis software ZXPOS

CNA(UMTS Edition) to analyze the CQT test data. The items to be
analyzed include:
 Call event analysis
 Delay analysis
 User-defined event analysis
 Geographical analysis of events
 Geographical analysis of delay
 Analysis of various statistic indices

 CQT data analysis be used to obtain the call success rate, call drop
rate, call delay, conversation quality and average rate of data service.
Base on this, we can know the indoor coverage and interference of
the network in the selected area.

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 CQT Data Analysis

Call success  Call success rate ＝ [number of successful

rate
calls /the total number of calls]×100%

Call drop rate

 Call drop rate ＝ [number of call drop
times/total number of successful calls]×100%

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 CQT Data Analysis

 Average call delay

UMTS network optimization analysis software ZXPOS CNA
can be used for the statistic analysis of the average call
delay. It is also the statistics of the average interval between
the time the calling terminal receives the Alerting signaling
directly transmitted by the CN and the time when the
calling terminal sends the first RRC Connection Request.

As different network load will result in different radio environment

quality, there will also great difference in random access delay.
Therefore, the statistics of the average call delay is conducted on the
base of network load.

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 OMC Performance Statistic Data Analysis

 OMC performance statistic data analysis can generate the

General Performance Index (GPI) and Key Performance Index
(KPI) of the radio network. They are important data for assessing
the network performance.
 Through the analysis of OMC performance statistic data, the area
where the problem has occurred can be directly located on the
background. This helps accurately locate the problem.

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 OMC Performance Statistic Data Analysis

 Indices that reflect the resources utilization include: ratio of

worse cells, ratio of over busy cells, ratio of over idle cells and
utility of cell code resources.
 Indices extracted from the OMC background also include other
indices that reflect network operation quality: access success rate,
call completion rate, call drop rate and call delay.
 Indices that reflect system handover performance (handover
success rate) include: softer handover success rate, soft handover
success rate, cross-lur interface software handover success rate,
hard handover success rate and inter-system handover success
rate.

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 User Complaint Information Analysis

 As the end user of the network service, ordinary users can feel the
network performance most directly. Due to the diversity and individuality
of each problem described by the user, the user complaint data involve
not only the base station side, but also the billing system and
transmission system. Therefore, the complain data need be carefully
identified to find the data that can actually reflect the network status.
 The user complaint can directly reflect the problem phenomena and
geographical information. From the complaint the following information
can be collated out:
 Area of poor signal coverage
 Area of low call success rate
 Area of high call drop rate
 Area of poor conversation quality

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 Alarm Information Analysis

 Alarm information includes a large amount of abnormal warning

information during network operation. It can help the
optimization engineer to quickly locate the problem and find the
direction and method for solving the problem.
 Besides, OMC performance statistic indices may also be
abnormal. When the relation between the OMC performance
statistic indices and the relevant alarm information is found, it
will greatly help locate the network fault and solve the problems.

 If it can be determined from the alarm information that the

problem lies in the base station (for example, alarm for standing
wave ratio), then the faulty base station should be checked and
trouble-shooting should be conducted for the equipment.

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 Other Data Analysis

 Other data include the data obtained through the signaling

analysis system, network flow test system and voice quality
assessment system.
 By tracing the signaling of such network interfaces of the
network as Uu, Iub and Iur interfaces, we conduct statistics of
the signal traffic and message of each interface, find the
abnormal signaling flow; with reference to other statistic data, we
can locate the fault more accurately and can find various
problems that are generaly difficult to find and eliminate
potential faults.

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 Common Analysis Methods

 Common optimization analysis methods include:

 Multi-dimensional analysis
 Tendency analysis
 Accident analysis
 Comparative analysis
 Grading analysis
 Cause and influence analysis

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 Multi-dimensional analysis

 “Dimension” here refers to the standing point of problem

handling and the direction problem solution.
 The data can be analyzed from several different angles and the
combinations of them.
 For example: to solve the call drop problem, we shall not only
pay attention to drop, but also handover and access problems.

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 Tendency analysis

 Analyze the tendency of the change according to the change of

time from the angle of time sequence and find the regularities.

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 Accident analysis

 Find abnormal data such as over-high /over-low data and too

drastic change from a large amount of data and, and find the
data of the cause.

The call drop rate is

abnormally high. We
should check whether
there is problems in this
time segment.

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 Comparative analysis

 It indices to compare different data sets from the same angle and
find the difference. If necessary, we can further find cause of the
difference. This method is generally used in signaling flow
analysis.

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 Grading analysis

 Find the Top N and Bottom N data from a large amount of data
according to a certain classification method. These data deserve
special attention, for example, the common worst cell method.

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 Cause and influence analysis

 Find the influence factors from a large amount of data for a

specific result already generated and analyze the importance of
the different factors and or their combinations.
 Each method has its orientation and restriction for problem
analysis. Thus, it is difficult to only use a single method to locate
a specific equipment problem parameter configuration problem
(including engineering parameter and radio parameter) and
network resources utility problem. Instead, the above analysis
methods shall be combined and used together.

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 Network Assessment

 First summarize the network test and analysis conducted at the

early stage and output the UMTS Radio Network Assessment
Report in XX Service Area.
 The comprehensive score of the network assessment shall be
obtained by weighting and summating the DT score, CQT score
and OMC background index score.
 The assessment is used to discover the problems in the network,
provide guide for the network optimization at the next stage and
facilitate the comparison of the performance before and after the
network optimization.

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 Parameter Check (Optional)

 Data analysis can help find bad indices in the network. If it is

found that the parameter configuration is unreasonable and
influences the network performance, the parameter
configuration of the abnormal base station must be checked.
The contents of the check include:
 Check the base station

Check whether the base station is in the correct location, whether the type of the
antenna is correct, whether the height, direction angle and downward tilt of the
antenna are consistent with the planned solution, whether the type of the feeder is
correct and the length is appropriate and whether the standing wave ratio of the
antenna feeder is appropriate.
 Check whether the radio configuration parameter of the cell is consistent with
the planned value.
 Check the relevant configuration parameters of the voice service and data
service.

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 Problem Locating

 The problems of radio network are found in the following major

aspects:
 Equipment software and hardware problems
 Engineering parameter problem
 Radio parameter problem
 Network capacity problem

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 Making Optimization Solution

 The major adjustment policies for network optimization includes:

 Adjust the software and hardware of the equipment.


If software problem is found through parameter check, the software version shall
be confirmed and updated in time. Hardware problem is generally board fault, in
which case the faulty board need be replaced by a normal one.
 Adjust the network engineering parameters.

This includes the adjustment of the direction angle, downward tilt angle, height and
location of the antenna. After the network construction is completed, coverage and
interference problems in the pre-launch network optimization shall be solved by
adjusting the network engineering parameter.
 Adjust the network radio parameters.

This includes the adjustment of the access parameter, paging parameter, power
control parameter, handover parameter and search parameter.
 Adjust the neighboring cell list of the system.

Optimize the neighboring cell list of the network through DT data analysis.
 Capacity analysis or busy analysis.

Possible measures include cell splitting, adding cells and micro cells, RF extension
and use of multiple carriers.
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 Carrying out Optimization Plan

 If the network scale is large, the network need be divided into different base
stations clusters to locate and solve the network problems in different areas.
 After the all base station clusters have been optimized, the global network can be
optimized to solve global network problems and problems across different
clusters. Then assess the performance of the global network after the
optimization and verify whether the network performance indices have meet the
acceptance standard and reached optimization objectives.
 The cluster division principles shall be adjusted according to the actual situation,
generally according to the topography of the local area. neighboring areas that
have special requirements for data or voice service shall be grouped in the same
cluster to facilitate optimization debugging. Besides, cluster division can also be
conducted according to the problems found in the network assessment before
the optimization. There shall be overlap between two neighboring clusters.
 The optimization of different clusters can be implemented either parallel or
serially depending on the resources and time requirement.

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 Optimization Verification

 After the network optimization solution is implemented, it is

necessary to verify whether the network problems have been
solved or whether the network performance is improved.
 To implement the optimization verification, also first collect the network
operation data and analyze the collected data.
 After the optimization solution is implemented, assess the network
performance again by analyzing the DT data, CQT data, OMC performance
statistic data, user complaint and alarm data.
 Compare the network performance indices before and after the optimization
and verify whether the network problems are solved or the network
performance has met the requirement after the optimization.

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 Project Acceptance

 Acceptance test shall be conducted for the required network

performance indices according to the contract requirements.
Contents of the test such as the test path, test point and call
mode shall be set according to the principle determined at the
contract or requirement analysis stage. In principle the customer
shall participate in the acceptance test.

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 Documentation Archiving

 After the optimization verification and project acceptance, the

network optimization report need be submitted and relevant
documentations need be archived.
 The network optimization report includes such contents as
problem analysis, locating process, optimization measures
adopted, comparison of the indices before and after the
optimization, remaining problems of the network and
suggestions for subsequent construction.

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