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Week1 Components Science G7

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21 views32 pages

Week1 Components Science G7

Uploaded by

rosalesapril0214
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science and

Technology
Lesson 1:
Component
s of
Scientific
Investigatio
n
The Importance of Research
1. Research is meant to answer
questions or problems that necessitate
or demand solutions.

2. It is systematic, because it follows a


step-by-step process to lessen the
chance of making mistakes.

3. This method allows us to answer


scientific questions with evidence as
we probe the various problems we
experience.
A scientific investigation is
planned. Every step is clearly
defined. The problem must be
clearly identified thoroughly,
and the variables should be
clear to the mind of the
researcher. The collected
information will become our
basis in formulating our
conclusion.
I. The Research
Problem
We should identify the
problem first before we solve it

Identifying the problem is very


vital in the process of giving
solution.
The dark portions in the
maps show the forest cover
of the Philippines in 1900
and 1999. Based on the
picture, what problem
could we infer?

Notice that there used to


be more forest cover in
1900 than in 1999.
Therefore, we can infer that
the Philippines
Our interest and abilities

When Availability of the materials needed for the

choosing a investigation

research Needs of the community


problem, we
must consider The topic is within the level of our knowledge and
the following: experience

Time required to finish the project and the safety


measures to be undertaken during investigation
Types of Variables

A variable is a characteristic that can be measured


or changed and has exclusive properties.
In a research problem, variables are the properties
being investigated. They make our topic attractive
and interesting to the readers because they
contain variety.
There are three variables of a research problem:
independent, dependent and controlled variable.
Independent Variable

A variable that can be changed. It is also called the


manipulated variable. The independent variable affects
the other variables . It is the “presumed cause”.
Dependent Variable

It is the result of manipulating the independent variable. It is


also called the responding variable. Its values are dependent
on the independent variable. It is the presumed effect.
Controlled Variable

It is the variable that is kept the same or constant. Failure to


isolate the controlled variable may ruin the experiment. It is
imperative that we keep everything constant, except for the
independent variable, so as to account any change in the
dependent variable in relation to the independent variable.
Example 1

Does heating water allow more sugar to be dissolved?


1. Independent Variable:
- Temperature

2. Dependent Variable:
- Solubility of Sugar

3. Controlled Variable:
- Amount of water, amount of sugar, and the container
used in the experiment.
Explanation:
The temperature is the independent variable, because it will cause the
sugar to be dissolved. Increasing or decreasing the temperature may
cause changes in the solubility of the sugar, which is the dependent
variable. In the example, we want to keep the amount of water,
amount of sugar and the container used in the same experiment. This
should kept the same and constant to account any exchange in the
solubility of the sugar in relation to the temperature. If we fail to
control the other variables, we cannot account for the solubility of the
sugar in relation to the temperature of the water.
Example 2

How do the different chemicals in fertilizers affect plant


growth?
1. Independent Variable:
- Different chemicals in the fertilizers

2. Dependent Variable:
- Plant Growth

3. Controlled Variable:
-Type of plant, water, soil, and time of exposure to
sunlight
ACTIVITY
Explain the second example
provided.
II. RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
After identifying the problem, a
hypothesis must be
constructed. A hypothesis is a
tentative answer or an
educated guess to answer the
research problem that we have
formulated.
Null Hypothesis
A hypothesis in null from states that there is
no significant difference or relationship
between the results of two conditions being
tested.

Example:
There is no significant difference between the effects
of horse manure and urea on average height per plant
and the time when the plants produce flowers.
Alternative Hypothesis
A hypothesis in alternative form states that
there is a significant difference between the
results of the two conditions being tested.
Example 1:
There is significant difference between the
effects of horse manure and urea on average
height per plant and the time when the plants
produce flowers.

In most Science fair projects, a hypothesis is


written like this:
“If [I do this], then [this] will happen”
This format gives us the cause and effect
statement. In this form, if a certain condition
(cause) is true, then a supporting observation
(effect) occurs.
Alternative Hypothesis
Example 2:
If there is a difference between the
effects of horse manure and urea, then
the growth of the plants will differ
significantly in terms of average height
per plant and the time when the plants
produce flowers.
III. FAIR
TESTING
Sometimes, questions come along our
way whenever things get a little bit
challenging. These questions could be
one of the following:
- Are natural fertilizers as effective as
commercial fertilizers?
- What is the effect of sunlight on the
growth of plants?
- Is fogging an effective way to prevent
dengue fever?
To answer these questions, we need to
conduct a fair test. Fair test is done by
changing one factor at a time while
keeping all other factors the same.
Conducting a fair test

COMPARE THE RESULTS CONTROL THE VARIABLES AVOID BIAS


Writing the Experimental Procedure
Write the step-by-step experimental procedure. It must be detailed and complete to
Write avoid confusion when somebody else tries to perform the experiment.

Verify that the results are consistent and not just an accident. Conduct a trial and
Verify error method to verify the credibility of the results.

If the experiment involves testing or surveying, test or survey a large number of


Test or survey participants to ensure that the results are consistent.
IV. DATA
PRESENTATION
Experimental data are best
summarized using figures so that
the viewers can easily assess
what was done in the
experiment, understand the
objective, and get the
information they need from the
experiment
Schematics,
Illustrations,
and Flow
-Charts
These tools will help effectively convey
how the experiment was conducted
Tables
- useful for conveying
useful information
and details. They help
the presenter
summarize the
statistical data in a
well-organized
manner.
Graphs
-They are visual
representations of
data. They are more
visually appealing
than tables because
they illustrate the
connection of two or
more things.
V. STATING THE
CONCLUSION
A conclusion answers the
question that we have identified
at the beginning of the
experiment. It also supports or
rejects our original hypothesis.
Our conclusion must be result-
oriented and should answer the
following questions:
Is our hypothesis approved or disapproved? Accepted or rejected?

Are there anything in the experiment that we would change and need to test the
hypothesis again?

What did we learn from the experiment?

How could this information be useful to other people?


References:
Alfonso, F., Baniaga G., et.al. (2017). World of Science. No. 111 Panay
Ave., Quezon City. The Library Publishing House, Inc.

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