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Lesson 6 RWS

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25 views23 pages

Lesson 6 RWS

Uploaded by

denzon malazarte
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE

PARAGRAPHS WITH TOPIC


SENTENCE AND
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Defining Paragraphs

A paragraph is a group of sentences that deals with one


particular idea. Paragraphs are defined by the point that they
support, the controlling idea, and not just by how long they are.

Only one idea should be discussed per paragraph.


Effective Paragraphs
An effective paragraph contains:
a topic sentence that states the main point of the paragraph
 supporting sentences with details and specific examples as proof of your point
 logical, coherent thoughts that are developed in order from one sentence to the
next
a concluding idea that wraps up the point of the paragraph
Parts of a Paragraph
1. A topic sentence tells the reader the main idea of your paragraph. It
reveals what you generally plan to propose, argue or explain (what the
author wants to say about the topic).
 A topic sentence can be found anywhere in the paragraph: in the
beginning, at the end, or in the middle.
 A topic sentence can be explicit, or clearly states the ideas that will be
elaborated on in the paragraph. However, a topic sentence can also be
implied.
PARTS OF A TOPIC
SENTENCE
A topic sentence tells what the main ideas of the paragraph will be.
 We will call this the “topic” (or subject”) of the paragraph.

A topic sentence tells what the author is going to say about the
subject.
 We will call this the “controlling idea” of the paragraph.
MY FIRST DAY

My first day of college was a disaster. First, I went to the wrong classroom for math.
I was sitting in the class, surrounded by people taking notes and paying attention to how to do
equations, which would have been okay if I was supposed to be in an algebra class. In reality,
I was supposed to be in geometry, and when I discovered my error, I had already missed the
first twenty minutes of a one-hour class. When I got to the correct class, all twenty-five
students turned and looked at me as the teacher said, "You're late." That would have been bad
enough, but in my next class my history teacher spoke so fast I could not follow most of what
they said. The only thing I did hear was that we were having a quiz tomorrow over today’s
lecture. My day seemed to be going better during botany class, that is, until we visited the lab.
I had a sneezing fit because of one of the plants in the lab and had to leave the room. When I
finally finished my classes for the day, I discovered I had locked my keys in the car and had to
wait for my brother to bring another set. My first day of school was so bad that I know the rest
TOPIC
TOPICS (or SUBJECTS) can be fairly broad.
The Controlling idea will limit the subject.

Examples of topic could be :


o Daisies
o Space Travel
o Christmas
o Tooth Decay
CONTROLLING
IDEA
The “controlling idea” limits the subject.
It tells what the author intends to say about the subject.

Examples of controlling ideas are:


• Can be grown easily by following these steps
• Increased during the Cold War
• Is my favorite holiday for several seasons
• Takes many form.
Parts of a Topic
Sentence
The invention of light bulb changed the world in many ways.

The invention of the light bulb


*TOPIC
changed the world in many ways
*Controlling Idea

The world was changed in many ways by the invention of the light bulb.
Effective Topic Sentences
An effective topic sentence:
informs the reader of the subject that will be discussed in the
paragraph
asserts the writer’s point of view or attitude
intrigues the reader to continue reading
creates a sense of action
is not vague, rambling, too narrow or too broad
Parts of a Paragraph

2. Every paragraph needs supporting details to


elaborate on the topic sentences. These supporting
details may range from facts, examples, or instances.
Making Your Paragraph Effective
The first characteristic of an effective paragraph is
unity. Unity simply means that all of the sentences in
the paragraph are related to the topic sentence. The
whole paragraph should begin and end with one focus
only.
ADEQUATE
DEVELOPMENT
The second characteristics of an effective paragraph is
adequate development. The topic sentence in the
paragraph should be elaborated on using concrete
evidence, different examples, relevant facts, and
specific details.
COHERENCE
The third characteristic of an effective paragraph is coherence.
This means that the sentence are arranged in a logical manner,
making them easily understood by the reader. Coherence is
achieved when ideas flow smoothly within and between
paragraphs. Your paragraph can become more coherent through the
use of logical order and signal devices.
How Coherence of Paragraph is
Achieved?
1.The details of a paragraph can be organized according to
chronological, spatial or emphatic order.

a. When a paragraphs arrangement is in chronological order, the


details are arranged in order in which they happened.
“the everyday life of a high school freshman can be
exhausting”

Provide an account of the students routine:


Waking up early to go to school…..listening to different
lectures, collaborating on many group projects/activities,
joining extra-curricular activities, and answering many
assignments.
b. Spatial arrangement is when the sentences of a paragraph are arranged
according to geographical location, such as left to right, up to down, etc.

“The high school classroom has many differences from the grade school
classroom that can be surprising to the freshman.”
You might first talk about the small tables and chairs in the grade school
classroom, then the colorful bulletin boards at the back of the room with
familiar cartoon characters stuck on them. In contrast, the high school
classroom has bigger tables and chairs, and a plainer looking bulletin board
at the back wall.
c. The details of a paragraph can be organized
according to emphatic order. This is when the
information found in paragraph is arranged to
emphasize certain points depending on the writer’s
purpose.
How Coherence of Paragraph is
Achieved?
2. You can achieve coherent paragraph through the use of signal devices. Or
words that give readers an idea of how the points in your paragraph are
progressing. The following are examples of signal devices.
1. Transitions - these are words and phrases that connect one idea to another.
a. Time (first, immediately, afterward, before, at the same time, after, earlier,
simultaneously, finally, next, in the meantime, later, eventually, then,
meanwhile, now, subsequently, etc.)
Use of Signal Devices
b. Sequence (moreover, furthermore, next, also, finally, last , another, first, second, third, besides,
additionally, etc.
c. Space (above, next to, behind, beside, etc.)
d. Illustration ( for instance, specifically, for example, namely, in this case, to illustrate, etc.)
e. Comparison (similarly, also, in the same way, still, likewise, in comparison, too, etc.)
f. Contrast ( but, despite, however, even though , yet , on the other hand, although, etc.)
g. Cause and Effect (because, as a result, consequently, etc.)
h. Conclusion (thus , therefore, in conclusion, in short, etc.)
Use of Signal Devices
2. Repetition - repetition of main ideas keep continuity and highlight
important ideas.
3. Synonyms - these are words similar in meaning to important words
or phrases that prevent tedious repetitions.
4. Pronouns - words that connect readers to the original word that the
pronouns replace.
5. Parallelism - using similar sentence structure.
EXERCISE
Write four sentences of supporting details for each of the topic
sentences.
1. Many memes on the internet are actually socially relevant.
2. A long commute to school has both advantages and
disadvantages.

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