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HYPOTHESIS TESTING Grade 11

The document discusses hypothesis testing including defining key terms like null and alternative hypotheses, type I and type II errors, and p-values. Hypothesis testing is used to test claims about populations using sample data and statistics.

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Lorena Aureo
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63 views32 pages

HYPOTHESIS TESTING Grade 11

The document discusses hypothesis testing including defining key terms like null and alternative hypotheses, type I and type II errors, and p-values. Hypothesis testing is used to test claims about populations using sample data and statistics.

Uploaded by

Lorena Aureo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GOOD MORNING

EVERYONE !
HYPOTHESIS TESTING

PREPARED BY:
YVONNE JOICE L. PUERTO
WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS TESTING?

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method applied in


making decisions using experimental data. Hypothesis
testing is basically testing an assumption that we
make about a population.
WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation, assertion, or


assumption about a population parameter which may or may
not be true.
Here are the examples of questions you can answer with a
hypothesis test:
 Does the mean height of Grade 11 students differ from 66
inches?
Do male and female Grade 7 and Grade 11 students differ in
height on average?
Is the proportion of senior male students’ height
significantly higher than that of senior female students?
Key Terms and Concepts Used in Test
Hypothesis
The null hypothesis is an initial claim based on previous analyses,
which the researcher tries to disprove, reject, or nullify.
It shows no significant difference, no changes, nothing happened, no
relationship between two parameters.
• It is denoted by 𝐻o.
• The independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable.
• = equal
The alternative hypothesis is contrary to the null hypothesis,
which shows that observations are the result of a real effect.
• It is denoted by 𝐻𝑎 or H1.
• It shows that there is significant difference, an effect, change,
relationship between a parameter and specific value.
• The independent variable has an effect on the dependent
variable.
• ≠ not equal ,> greater than, and < less than
Null Hypothesis
= equal to, the same as, not changed from, is

Alternative Hypothesis
≠ not equal, different from, changed from, not the same as
> greater than, above, higher than, longer than, bigger than,
increased, at least
< less than, below, lower than, smaller than, shorter than,
decreased or reduced from, at most
EXAMPLE 1.
The school record claims that the mean score in Math of the incoming
Grade 11 students is 81. The teacher wishes to find out if the claim is true.
She tests if there is a significant difference between the batch mean score
and the mean score of students in her class.
EXAMPLE 2.

1.The average age of bus drivers in Metro Manila is 38.8 years.


2.The average number of calories of a low-calorie meal is at most
300.
3.A DTI representative wants to test 99% confidence level
whether the average content of Soda X is less than 330 ml as
indicated in the label.
4. A chemist invented an additive to increase the lifespan of
rechargeable battery. The said additive will extend on average
the battery’s lifespan to 48 months.
Here is another key term you should
know!
Level of Significance

• The level of significance denoted by alpha or 𝛂 refers to the degree of


significance in which we accept or reject the null hypothesis.
• 100% accuracy is not possible in accepting or rejecting a hypothesis.
• The significance level α is also the probability of making the wrong
decision when the null hypothesis is true.
1. If Sofia used a 0.10 level of significance, what are the chances that
she would have a wrong conclusion if the two values have no
significant difference?
EXAMPLE
The school registrar believes that the average number of enrollees
this school year is not the same as the previous school year.
However, if the school registrar believes that the average number of
enrollees this school year is less than the previous school year, then you will
have:
Use the left-tailed when
𝐻𝑎 contains the symbol <
On the other hand, if the school registrar believes that the average number of
enrollees this school year is greater than the previous school year, then you
will have:
Use the right-tailed
when 𝐻𝑎 contains the
symbol >
Illustrative Example 1

A factory has a machine that dispenses 80 ml of fluid in a bottle. An


employee believes the average amount of fluid is not 80 ml. Using 40
samples, he measures the average amount dispensed by the machine to be 78
ml with a standard deviation of 2.5.

a. State the null and alternative hypothesis.


b. At a 95% confidence level, is there enough evidence to support the idea
that the machine is not working properly?
Illustration of the Rejection
Region
• The rejection region (or critical region) is the set of all values of the
test statistic that causes us to reject the null hypothesis.
• The non-rejection region (or acceptance region) is the set of all values
of the test statistic that causes us to fail to reject the null hypothesis.
• The critical value is a point (boundary) on the test distribution that is
compared to the test statistic to determine if the null hypothesis would be
rejected.
Non-Rejection Region Rejection Region

Critical Value
t-test formula

Where 𝜇 = 142, 𝑥̅= 152, SD = 19.855, and n = 10.


Illustrative Example 2:

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