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Scientific Method in Psychology

The document discusses the scientific method used in psychological research. It describes the key steps including formulating questions, conducting literature reviews, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and reporting findings. Peer review and building theoretical frameworks are also covered.

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Kylie Marine Caluyong
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103 views23 pages

Scientific Method in Psychology

The document discusses the scientific method used in psychological research. It describes the key steps including formulating questions, conducting literature reviews, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and reporting findings. Peer review and building theoretical frameworks are also covered.

Uploaded by

Kylie Marine Caluyong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Scientific method of

Research in Psychology
•The scientific method in psychology
is a systematic and empirical
approach used to investigate and
understand various aspects of
human behavior and mental
processes.
•The scientific method involves a
series of steps that researchers
follow to ensure the objectivity,
reliability, and validity of their
studies.
Formulating a Research Question
or Hypothesis
•Researchers begin by identifying
a specific question or
formulating a hypothesis based
on existing knowledge or
observations.
Conducting a Literature
Review:
•Before conducting the research, a
thorough review of existing
literature in the field is essential to
understand what is already known
and to identify gaps or areas that
need further exploration.
Designing the Study:
•Researchers carefully design the
study, selecting the appropriate
research design (e.g., experimental,
correlational, observational) and
determining the variables to be
measured.
Selecting Participants:
•The researcher identifies and
recruited participants for the
study, ensuring that the sample
is representative of the
population of interest.
Collecting Data:
•Researchers gather data through
various methods, such as
experiments, surveys, observations,
or interviews. It is crucial to use
reliable and valid measures.
Analyzing Data:
•The collected data are analyzed using
statistical methods to draw conclusions.

•This step helps researchers determine


whether the results are statistically
significant and can be generalized to the
broader population.
Drawing Conclusions:
•Based on the analysis, researchers
draw conclusions regarding the
research question or hypothesis.

•These conclusions may support or


reject the initial hypothesis.
Reporting Findings:
• Researchers communicate their findings
through scientific journals, conferences, or
other platforms. Transparent reporting is
crucial for the scientific community to
evaluate, replicate, and build upon the
study.
Peer Review
•Other experts in the field review the
study's methodology, results, and
conclusions to ensure rigor and
accuracy.
•This process helps maintain the
quality of scientific research.
Building Theoretical
Frameworks:
• The findings contribute to the development
or modification of existing theories in
psychology.

• Successful studies often lead to the


formulation of new hypotheses and avenues
for future research.
Reference
• "Research Methods in Psychology" by John J. Shaughnessy, Eugene B.
Zechmeister, and Jeanne S. Zechmeister

• "Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology" by Hugh Coolican

• "Experimental Design and Analysis for Psychology" by Howard S.


Friedman
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN
DOING RESEARCH
•Ethical considerations in research are a
set of principles that guide your research
designs and practices. Scientists and
researchers must always adhere to a
certain code of conduct when collecting
data from people.
• The goals of human research often include
understanding real-life phenomena,
studying effective treatments, investigating
behaviors, and improving lives in other
ways.

• What we decide to research and how to


conduct that research involve key ethical
considerations.
These considerations work to
•protect the rights of research
participants
•enhance research validity
•maintain scientific or academic integrity
Voluntary participation

Your participants are free to opt


in or out of the study at any
point in time.
Informed consent
• Participants know the purpose, benefits,
risks, and funding behind the study before
they agree or decline to join.
Anonymity
• You don’t know the identities of the
participants. Personally identifiable data is
not collected.
Confidentiality
• You know who the participants are but you
keep that information hidden from
everyone else. You anonymize personally
identifiable data so that it can’t be linked to
other data by anyone else.
Potential for harm
• Physical, social, psychological and all other
types of harm are kept to an absolute
minimum or none.
Results communication
•You ensure your work is free of
plagiarism or research misconduct,
and you accurately represent your
results.

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