A Presentation

on
HAZOP ANALYSIS

Presented by

ABDUL HASIM (200610002001)

ANGSHUMAN GOGOI (200610002006)
GOURANGA GOGOI (200610002023)
RAJARSHI KASHYAP SARMAH (200610002052)
ROHAN ZIDUNG (200610002055)
UPAMANYU BARKATAKI (200610002065)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Assam Engineering College, Jalukbari
 INTRODUCTION

• What is HAZOP ?
HAZOP stands for Hazard and Operability Study. It's a systematic method used to identify potential hazards and
operability issues in process plant.

• HAZOP involves a multidisciplinary team systematically analyzing a process by applying guide words
to each process node to identify potential deviations from design intent.

• These deviations are then evaluated for their severity and likelihood, and appropriate mitigation
measures are developed to enhance safety and operational reliability.

• Its purpose is to identify potential hazards and operability issues in process plant. Its importance is to
enhance safety , reliability and efficiency of industrial process.
 HISTORY

• HAZOP was first started by Trevor Keltz and Ellis Knowlton in the late 1960s.

• Keywords, mnemonics, were introduced to keep the process up to date.

• It has changed from time to time with the introduction of guidewords(more, less, no, etc.) with
parameters (pressure, humidity, temperature, etc.).

• With the increased use of PCs, software's were developed for the force of conducting HAZOP
analysis rather than written reports.

• Now a days HAZOP report has become a document of legal importance .

 OBJECTIVES

• Hazard Identification –
• It deals with the potential locations where an accident might occur.

• Here the different nodes, parameters and deviations are analyzed.

• Risk Assessment –
• Risk assessment in HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) analysis involves evaluating the
severity, likelihood, and detectability of identified hazards to determine the overall risk
associated with each hazard.
• Here risk prioritization, risk reduction measures are considered.
• Operability Assessment –
• Operability assessment in HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) analysis involves evaluating the potential
impact of identified deviations on the operability or functionality of the process or system.

• operability assessment considers deviations that may affect the smooth operation, efficiency, and
reliability of the process.

• Improvement of safety systems –

• improvement of safety systems in HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) analysis involves identifying
opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of existing safety measures or implementing new safety
systems to mitigate identified hazards and risks
• Regulatory Compliance –

• Regulatory compliance involves ensuring that the analysis meets the requirements of relevant
regulations, standards, and guidelines established by regulatory authorities.

• Documentation and reporting, audits and inspections are taken care of here.

• Risk Reduction –
• Risk reduction involves implementing measures to mitigate or eliminate identified hazards and risks
to an acceptable level.

• Procedural changes, training and awareness , engineering changes are taken care of here.
 WHEN SHOULD A HAZOP BE HELD
A HAZOP should be held during various stages of a plant design. It should be held particularly at the
following stages:

 At the beginning of the project as a ‘Safety and Environmental Specification’

 Towards the end of a process definition, when the process flow sheets are available as a Safety and
Environmental Review.

 When P&IDs are at ‘Approved for Design’ stage.

 It should be scheduled before construction or implementation commencement to prevent costly

modifications later in the process.

During construction, site inspections should ensure that recommendations arising from the HAZOP or
other safety and environmental reviews are being implemented.
 HAZOP Study of an Existing Plant

• Whenever significant modifications or changes to an existing process are proposed, a HAZOP

should be conducted to assess the potential impacts on safety and operability.

• In the aftermath of major incidents or near misses, it is important to conduct a HAZOP to identify
root causes and prevent similar incidents in the future.

• Sometimes it can be used to identify possible improvements in plants where accident or incident
rate is abnormally high.

• It is also used to improve operating procedures or when modifying plant.

 METHODOLOGY
The HAZOP analysis process is executed in four phases

o Definition Phase
• Begins with preliminary identification of risk assessment team members (includes specialists from various disciplines with
appropriate skills and experience who display intuition and good judgment
• The risk assessment team must identify the assessment scope carefully in order to focus effort

o Preparation Phase

• Identifying and locating supporting data and information

• Identification of the audience and users of the study outputs
• Project management preparations
• Consensus on template format for recording study outputs
• Consensus on HAZOP guide words to be used during the study
 w

o Examination Phase

• begins with identification of all elements (parts or steps) of the system or process to be examined

• The HAZOP guide words are then applied to each of the elements

• Identify whether a significant problem exists

• Identify consequences and causes

• Identify the detection and identification mechanism

• Repeat for each element and each part

o Documentation & Follow-up Phase

• The documentation of HAZOP analyses is often facilitated by utilizing a template recording form as detailed in IEC Standard

61882

• Record the examination

• Produce the report of the study

• Re-study any parts of system

• Produce final output report

 TERMINOLOGIES

Cause : It means the reason due to which deviation occur . There can be more causes for one deviation.

Comments : Any remarks to be given to the recommendation.

Consequences :The results of the deviation, in case it occurs. consequences may both comprise process
hazards and operability problems, like plant shutdown. more consequences can follow from one cause,
and, in turn, one consequence can have several causes.

Deviation : A way in which the process conditions may depart from their intention.

Intention/Design intent : Description of how the process is expected to behave at the Study Line. This is
qualitatively described as an activity (e.g., feed, reaction, sedimentation) and/or quantitatively in the
process parameters, like temperature, flow rate, pressure, composition, etc.
Keyword/Guideword : A short word to create the imagination of a deviation of the intention. the mostly
used set of guidewords is no, more, less, as well as part of, other than and reverse. the guidewords are
applied, in turn, to all the parameters, in order to identify unexpected and yet credible deviations from the
intention.

Parameter :The relevant parameter for the condition(s) of the process, e.g., pressure, temperature,
composition, etc.

Study Line/ Node : A specific location in the process in which (the deviations of) the process intention
are evaluated. Examples might be separators, heat exchangers, scrubbers, pumps, compressors, and
interconnecting pipes with equipment

Recommendation : activities identified during a hazop study for follow-up. Recommendation. These
may comprise technical improvements in the design, modifications in the status of drawings and process
descriptions, procedural measures to be developed or further in-depth studies to be carried out.
Safeguard : Facilities that help to reduce the occurrence frequency the deviation or to mitigate its
consequences.
Action :Where a credible cause results in a negative consequence, it must be decided whether some
action should be taken. It is at this stage that consequences and associated safeguards are considered.
 FLOWCHART

A HAZOP flowchart is used to visually illustrate the

analysis process. It involves the following steps –
• Initiation
• Preparation
• Node Identification
• Parameter identification
• Deviation analysis
• Documentation
• Risk assessment
• Recommendations
• Implementation
• Review
FIG 1 – FLOWCHART OUTLINE
Example of a HAZOP sheet of Sugar Factory

In this process, molasses (concentrated sugarcane juice) is transferred

from tankers to the storage tanks of the plants
u
 CONCLUSION

• HAZOP analysis is a systematic approach to identifying potential hazards and operability issues in process
plants.
• It involves a multidisciplinary team using guide words to systematically challenge the design intent of each
process node.
• The methodology helps prioritize risks and develop effective mitigation strategies to enhance safety and
reliability.
• It enhances process safety by proactively identifying and addressing potential hazards.It Improves operational
reliability by identifying and mitigating operability issues.
• HAZOP is not a one-time activity; it requires regular review and updating to adapt to changes in processes,
technologies, and regulations.
• It encourages a culture of continuous improvement and learning from incidents and near misses.
THANK YOU