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ORHB. Urbanization Health System

The document discusses urbanization in Ethiopia and its effects on health. It provides statistics on urban population growth and migration trends. It also examines the health challenges faced in urban areas like slums, and outlines some of the key challenges of Ethiopia's urban health system including coordination, capacity, and disease burden. Recommendations are made around creating healthy cities and addressing administrative, policy and operational health care issues in urban contexts.

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Ibrahim Abdela
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16 views13 pages

ORHB. Urbanization Health System

The document discusses urbanization in Ethiopia and its effects on health. It provides statistics on urban population growth and migration trends. It also examines the health challenges faced in urban areas like slums, and outlines some of the key challenges of Ethiopia's urban health system including coordination, capacity, and disease burden. Recommendations are made around creating healthy cities and addressing administrative, policy and operational health care issues in urban contexts.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Abdela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Urbanization, Urban

Health & Urban


Health Systems
yayeh
February, 2024

05/08/2024 MOH 1
Urbanization: Demographics
 Migration – (among those who live in slums 66%
migrated from rural areas or other urban areas)
Push factors
 Population pressure on limited agricultural
land
Pull factors
Better opportunities

 Natural increase: fertility in urban areas: (2.3 per
women)
 Currently about 20 million live in urban areas and
in the next seven years: expected to grow to 30
million

05/08/2024 MOH 2
Share of Urban Population
% urban % rural
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0
19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20

05/08/2024 MOH 3
Migration-cobweb

Slums
(visible/hidden) Migration Illiteracy

Unhygienic Overcrowding Unemployment


conditions

Stretching of Poverty
Communicable
overburdened
diseases
systems
Crimes
Non-Communicable Injuries
diseases
Stress Mental
Life style illness
05/08/2024
modification MOH 4
Slums and Health
 Slums - poor hygiene and sanitation practices and difficult
living condition – communicable and non-communicable
– including mental health
 Among those who live in slums
 Mental health is a concern for about 90% of the interviewees
 Home birth – about 32% & 3% at private facilities
 Managing waste is a concern

05/08/2024 MOH 5
Challenges of Ethiopia’s
Urban Health System

05/08/2024 MOH 6
• Coordination
• Growing of slums • Standardization
• Mobility • Capacity
• Diverse socio- • Health
cultural information

Socio-
Functional
Demographic

KEY CHALLENGES OF THE HEALTH


SYSTEM IN URBAN AREAS

• FMOH, RHB,
Town HO, Burden of
HCs Administrative • Pollution
diseases
• Payment • Lifestyle/stress
system • Injury/violence
• Leadership • Substance abuse
• Malnutrition
• Com/non-com
05/08/2024 MOH 7
Ethiopia’s Health Tier System

05/08/2024 MOH 8
Private Sector Landscape
• In urban areas the private health facilities have significant role –
how to engage them better is still a question

Private sector challenges:


 Accountability  Affordability
 Quality assurance  Focused on curative services –
 Sustainability lack preventive and promotive
 Supervision and monitoring components
systems
 Reporting
 Co-operation/coordination

05/08/2024 MOH 9
Cities and towns in Ethiopia by its category Ministry of Urban
Development and Construction report 2012

Number of towns and


Level Category Population size cities
Level 1
Small Towns 2000 to 20,000 869
Level 2
Medium Towns 20,001 to 50,000 119
Level 3
Large Towns 50,001 to 100,000 36
Level 4
Cities 100,001 to 1,000,000 15

Level 5 Metropolitans Over 1,000,000 1


Total
1040
05/08/2024 MOH-Yayeh K 10
Summary Recommendation (1)

1. Creating Healthy Cities:

 Woreda transformation vs healthy cities


 Mainstreaming health in urban development
 Mapping and prioritizing slums is necessary
 Framing policies, strategies, and regulation –
contextualization/urban friendly.
• Mega cities
• Cities
• Towns
• Small towns
05/08/2024 MOH 11
Summary Recommendation (2)
2. Health care challenges exist in:
 Administrative issues
 Policy issues
 Operational issues
 Involvement of non governmental service providers

Addressing these issues through:


 Custom-made policy/strategy
 Strong and comprehensive primary health care
 Effective leadership
 Multi-sectoral
05/08/2024
engagement MOH 12
yo u !
a n k
T h
05/08/2024 MOH 13

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