THE EFFECT OF USING CLASSICAL MUSIC

ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN
READING COMPREHENSION OF ELEVENTH GRADE IN
SMK SWATA PELITA PEMATANGSIANTAR

MELI ASTRI D. SIAHAAN

1801030110
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study

English is an international language used in many countries in the world, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, English
is not only considered the first foreign language but is taught as a compulsory subject from Junior High School to
Senior High School.
Although English has been taught for a long time, the results of teaching English are still considered unsatisfactory
(Ramelan 1992:3). Because the results are considered unsatisfactory, the writer realizes that learning English is
complex. Because it is influenced by the same factors, namely internal and external.
The first factor comes from the students themselves such as motivation, interests, attitudes and intelligence, while the
second comes from outside the students, such as environmental situations and conditions, teaching materials, and the
ability of teachers to handle English teaching and learning programs.
Reading in language learning plays an important role. Success in reading is very important for students. Good for
academic and vocational progress and for the psychological well-being of students. Weaknesses in reading
comprehension can be caused by internal factors, such as motivation, interests, intelligence, talents, and attitudes.
• Reading is also one of the main difficulties of students with learning disabilities. Several
authors J Edward; Carnine and Silbert: Douglas: Jerry: Kameenui (1990) state that it is a
major cause of failure in schools. In addition, reading failure can lead to bad behavior anxiety
and lack of motivation. Indonesian students are known to be lazy to read (Joko. D.
Moektiono. 1997:20). To generate motivation, objects and media are needed to change the
situation. These conditions greatly affect learning and can change students' learning
motivation.
• Music brings positive and comfortable situations to many classes. Music serves as the
backdrop in some classrooms to drown out industrial or traffic noise, and can also be used
successfully to motivate, relieve stress before exams and to reinforce key material (Merritt
2003:46).
• Music brings positive and comfortable situations to many classes. Music serves as the
backdrop in some classrooms to drown out industrial or traffic noise, and can also be used
successfully to motivate, relieve stress before exams and to reinforce key material (Merritt
2003:46).
• Music can help make situations more relaxed and comfortable. This situation makes learning
more optimal and stress can be reduced and when students receive new material they will be
more interested. The type of music, of course, has influenced the process of reading English.
 B. Problems of Study
Based on the previous statements, the researcher
formulates problem statement as follow:
Does the use of classical music effect students’
motivation in reading Comprehension ?
 C. Objective of the Study
To summarize the background of the research, this study
pays attention to achievements to explain the effect of using
classical music on motivating students in reading English
class in the eleventh grade of SMK Swasta Pelita
Pematangsiantar.
 D. Significance of the Study
1. Theoretical significance
This research gave useful explanation about how to use classical music to motivate the
students’ in reading comprehension by using classical music. This research is expected to
use as reference for other researcher to conduct a research in English teaching-learning
process.

2. Practical Significance
The results of this study are useful for:
1. Student, Hope the students are more interested in learning English by using classical
music.
2. Teacher, By using classical music, English teachers can apply the results of this study as
feedback on their teaching activities so that students are more motivated in learning
English.
 E. Operational Definition of Term
1. Classical Music
Classical music is a wonderfull music for a series of the tones that are played regularly and in
rhythm, so as to produce a series of sounds beautiful and pleasant.
2. Motivation
Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychology concepts are.
3. Reading Comprehension
Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text/message. This
understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they
trigger knowledge outside the text/message.
4. Effectiveness
Effectiveness is the extent to which an activity fulfils its intended purpose or function. The
effectiveness also is the degree to which objectives are achieved and the extend to which
targeted problems are solved.

ne Famous
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Related Research Findings
1. Previous Related Research Findings

Rashidi, conducted a research on The Effect of Classical Music on The Reading Comprehension of
Iranian Students (2011). “as the result of the study showed, English teachers can make use of music
as an effective tool to facilitate students’ language learning. Practically, applying music to all the
teaching section of language class session may not be possible, but applying it to the reading
comprehension section would be beneficial (as the results of the present study showed), and can
bring variety to the language class as well.
Subhan, conducted a research on Outdoor Classical Music as an Alternative Media for Teaching
Students in Writing Descriptive Text (A Case of The Second Year Students of SMK Swasta
Pematangsiantar in Academic Year 2006). “the result of the study shows that after the treatment, there
is a difference in the students’ achievement in writing descriptive text between students taught using
outdoor classical music and those without using outdoor classical music”.

Letters making these

sounds are: F, L, M, N, Q,
R, S, V, W, X, Y, and Z
2. Some Pertinent Ideas
1. Motivation

Motivation is one of the affective factors in language learning. Harmer stated “motivation is a kind
of internal drive which pushes someone to do or think in order to achieve something.” As H
Douglas Brown points out, a cognitive view of motivation includes factors such as the need for
exploration, activity, stimulation, new knowledge, and ego enhancement (Brown 2000: 160-166 as
quoted by Harmer 2001:51). Marion Williams and Richard Burden suggest that motivation is a
‘state of cognitive arousal’ which provokes a ‘decision to act’ as a result of which there is ‘sustained
intellectual and/or physical effort’ so that the person can achieve some ‘previously set goal’
(Williams and Burden 1997:120).
2. Motivation in Reading
Student interest in the reading is vital to the motivation any reading assignment.Students with high
intrinsic motivation, a task orientation, and high self-efficacy are relatively active readers and high
achievers (Guthrie et. Al. 2000). The students want to read the material because they are so
determined to learn more about the subject; they will also want to work hard at it because they
picked it out (Hunt, Lyman, 1997).
3. Reading for General Comprehension
Comprehension is a "construction process" because it involves all elements of the reading process
that work together as the text is read to create a representation of the text in the reader's mind.
Clearly we need to find some accommodation between our desire to have students develop
particular reading skills, Mikulecky Jeffries (1996) states some important comprehension skills,
they are:
1. Previewing for better comprehension
2. Scanning
3. Skimming
4. Using vocabulary knowledge for effective reading
5. Making inferences
6. Finding topics
7. Discovering topics of paragraph
8. Understanding main idea
9. Summarizing
4. The Importance of Reading in Language Learning
Reading in language learning plays an important role. Students must have a purpose and a
motivation to learn. They do reading activity if they know the purpose and have
motivation to read.
According to Grabe and Stoller (2002:13) the purposes of reading :
1. Reading to search for simple information.
2. Reading to skim quickly.
3. Reading to learn from texts.
4. Reading to integrate information.
5. Reading to write (or search for information needed for writing).

5. Definition of Music
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Music means : the arrangement
of sounds in a pleasing sequence or combination to be sung or played on instruments.
Music is an expression of feeling or thought which is expressed systematically in sound
form. Music is an old art. The word “music” was derived from Greck word “mousike”
taken from the name of God which led the world of art and science (Wiwiek 1997:413).
6. Theoretical Framework
The research took two classes, they are experimental class and control
class as samples. Teaching reading by using classical music as a
process in experimental class and teaching by using conventional
teaching media as a process in control class. The output is students’
motivation in reading comprehension.

7. Hypothesis
H1: Using Classical Music is effective on Students’ Motivation in
Reading Comprehension.
H0: Using Classical Music is not effective on Students’ Motivation in
Reading Comprehension.
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design

The research was conducted by using Quasi Experimental Design, exactly Nonequivalent Control
Group Design that the sample was chosen purposively. In this method, there will be two classes,
which are experiment class and control class. In the experiment class, the motivation will be
conducted as well as posttest and pretest and the control class will only get the post-test and pre-
test. The method that used in this research is Quasi Experimental exactly Non-equivalent Control
Group design (Sugiyono,2014). This method is appropriate in the research because it can describe
whether classical music can motivate or not. Besides that, the researcher can easily conduct this
method because the researcher can use purposive sampling because only pre-experimental and
quasi-experimental design can use it.
B. Population and Sample
1. Population
According to Arikunto (1995) population is the subject of the research overall. The
population of this research is students at the Eleventh Grade of SMK Swasta Pelita
Pematangsiantar. The total number of population is 60 students.

2. Sample
The researcher applied Quasi Experimental Design, exactly Nonequivalent Control
Group Design in which two class took as sample. In this case, the researcher chose
class XI A as the experimental class and class XI B as the control class. Each class
consists of 30 students, therefore the total number of students is 60.
C. Research Instruments
The researcher used two kinds of instrument:
1. Reading is an assessment intended to measure a test-taker’s
knowledge, skill or classification in many other topic.
2. Kuesioner adalah seperangkat pertanyaan untuk memperoleh
informasi setelah perlakuan untuk mengukur motivasi dalam
membaca pemahaman.

D. Data Collection Procedure

Before implementing the research, the researcher first of all made
research design cover as follows:
1. Pre-test
To collect the data, the researcher administered a pre-test to both
classes. It was assessed by the researcher based on motivation.
2. Treatment
After giving the pre-test, the researcher did the treatment to the
experiment class using classical music in teaching reading. The
treatments was given for eight meeting at least
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