Chemistry 14.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements >

Bell Work

At what conditions do Real

Gases behave like Ideal Gases?

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Dalton’s Law

The contribution each gas in a mixture

makes to the total pressure is called the
partial pressure exerted by that gas.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Dalton’s Law

In a mixture of gases, the total pressure

is the sum of the partial pressures of the
gases.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Dalton’s Law

Dalton’s law of partial pressures states

that, at constant volume and temperature, the
total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is
equal to the sum of the partial pressures of
the component gases.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Dalton’s Law

Three gases are combined in container T.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Dalton’s Law

The partial pressure of oxygen must be

10.67 kPa or higher to support respiration in
humans. The climber below needs an oxygen
mask and a cylinder of compressed oxygen to
survive.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM 14.6

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SAMPLE PROBLEM 14.6

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SAMPLE PROBLEM 14.6

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SAMPLE PROBLEM 14.6

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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 14.6

Problem Solving 14.32

Solve Problem 32 with the help of an
interactive guided tutorial.
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 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Graham’s Law

How does the molar mass of a gas

affect the rate at which the gas
effuses or diffuses?

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to

move toward areas of lower concentration
until the concentration is uniform throughout.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Bromine vapor
is diffusing
upward through
the air in a
graduated
cylinder.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

After several
hours, the
bromine has
diffused almost to
the top of the
cylinder.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

During effusion, a gas escapes through a

tiny hole in its container.

Gases of lower molar mass

diffuse and effuse faster than
gases of higher molar mass.

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 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Thomas Graham’s Contribution

Graham’s law of effusion states that the

rate of effusion of a gas is inversely
proportional to the square root of the gas’s
molar mass. This law can also be applied to
the diffusion of gases.

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 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Comparing Effusion Rates

A helium filled balloon will deflate sooner

than an air-filled balloon.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Helium atoms are less massive than oxygen

or nitrogen molecules. So the molecules in air
move more slowly than helium atoms with the
same kinetic energy.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Because the rate of effusion is related only

to a particle’s speed, Graham’s law can be
written as follows for two gases, A and B.

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14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law

Helium effuses (and diffuses) nearly three

times faster than nitrogen at the same
temperature.

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14.4 Section Quiz.

Assess students’ understanding

of the concepts in Section 14.4.

Continue to: Launch:

-or-
Section Quiz

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14.4 Section Quiz.

1. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in a diving tank

containing oxygen and helium if the total pressure is
800 kPa and the partial pressure of helium is 600
kPa?

a. 200 kPa

b. 0.75 kPa

c. 1.40 104 kPa

d. 1.33 kPa

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14.4 Section Quiz.

2. A mixture of three gases exerts a pressure of 448

kPa, and the gases are present in the mole ratio 1
: 2 : 5. What are the individual gas pressures?

a. 44 kPa, 88 kPa, and 316 kPa

b. 52 kPa, 104 kPa, and 292 kPa

c. 56 kPa, 112 kPa, and 280 kPa

d. 84 kPa, 168 kPa, and 196 kPa

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14.4 Section Quiz.

3. Choose the correct words for the spaces. Graham's

Law says that the rate of diffusion of a gas is
__________ proportional to the square root of its
_________ mass.

a. directly, atomic

b. inversely, atomic

c. inversely, molar

d. directly, molar

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 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Concept Map 14

Concept Map 14

Solve the Concept Map with the help of an

interactive guided tutorial.

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END OF SHOW