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59 views29 pages

IM3 - Statistics - L3 - PPT

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© © All Rights Reserved
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IM3 – Statistics – Lesson 3 – More Descriptive Statistics

Box-and-Whisker Plots
Lesson 3:
Box and Whisker Plots and Frequency Tables
Learning targets: Take Aim!!

 I can read and make sense of a box plot


 I can create the box plot for a given a set of data.
Step 1 – Order Numbers

1. Order the set of numbers from least to greatest


Step 2 – Find the Median

2. Find the median. The median is the middle number. If the data has two
middle numbers, find the mean of the two numbers. What is the median?
Step 3 – Upper & Lower Quartiles

3. Find the lower and upper medians or quartiles. These are the
middle numbers on each side of the median. What are they?
Step 4 – Draw a Number Line
Now you are ready to construct the actual box & whisker graph. First
you will need to draw an ordinary number line that extends far enough in
both directions to include all the numbers in your data:
Step 5 – Draw the Parts
Locate the main median 12 using a vertical line
just above your number line:
Step 5 – Draw the Parts
Locate the lower median 8.5 and the upper median 14 with
similar vertical lines:
Step 5 – Draw the Parts
Next, draw a box using the lower and upper median lines as
endpoints:
Step 5 – Draw the Parts
Finally, the whiskers extend out to the data's smallest number 5
and largest number 20:
Step 6 – Label the Parts of a Box-
and-Whisker Plot
Lower Quartile Median Upper Quartile
Lower Extreme Upper Extreme
3 1 2
4

Name the parts of a Box-and-Whisker Plot


Interquartile Range
The interquartile range is the difference between the
upper quartile and the lower quartile.

14 – 8.5 = 5.5
Frequency Tables and Histograms
Consider the following set of number

4 1 3 5 2 2 1 1 3 1
2 0 2 3 3 1 0 4 5 4

These numbers are not ordered and so it is difficult for us to make


sense of this set

To help us, we can create a frequency table


4 1 3 5 2 2 1 1 3 1
2 0 2 3 3 1 0 4 5 4

Numbers Tally Frequency

0 II 2
1 IIII 5
2 IIII 4
3 IIII 4
4 III 3
5 II 2
Let's reproduce
this frequency
table on our
Frequency Table calculators

Frequency

0 1 2 3 4 5
Number Incorrect
Examine the three box plots below.

1.) Arrange A, B, and C in ascending order of median


2.) Arrange A, B, and C in descending order of range
3.) For distribution B, what can you say about the relative size of the median
and mean?
EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!!
A cinema is showing 3 films, A, B and C. The ages of people watching the films are
illustrated in the following box and whisker plots:

1.) Which film do you think you would probably not be allowed to watch?
2.) Which film would you probably enjoy most?
3.) Which film would your parents probably most enjoy?
EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!!
A cinema is showing 3 films, A, B and C. The ages of people watching the films are
illustrated in the following box and whisker plots:

1.) What percent of people watching film A are less than 46 years old?
2.) If a person watching film B was randomly selected, what is the probability that their
age is 32 years or older?
3.) What percent of all film viewers are at least 32 years old?

EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!!


3.) What percent of all film viewers are at least 32 years old?
What is the difference between a weighted and non-weighted average?
To help illustrate the difference, we will imagine that the number of
viewers in each film is

Simple Average Weighted Average

( 1 1 3
+ +
4 4 4
=
) (
1 3
+
2 4 ) 1
4
1 3
∙20 + ∙ 8 0+ ∙10 0
4 4 5+20+ 75
3 3 =¿ =¿
20 +80 +200 200

( )5
¿
4 ¿1
3 3 ( )
5
4
¿
5
12 ≈ 41.67 %
100 1
= =50 %
200 2

What does this result tell us about the nature of box and whisker plots?
Box plot T represents the all viewers watching films A, B, and C.

What does the box plot T tell us about A, B and C ?

EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!!


We will be graphing our box plots horizontally, but it is not uncommon to
see them arranged vertically instead.
When should you use a box plot?
Box plots are used to show
distributions of numeric data
values, especially when you want
to compare them between
multiple groups. They are built to
provide high-level information
quickly, offering general
information about a group of
data’s symmetry, skew, variance,
and outliers.
It is easy to see where the main bulk of the data is and make that comparison
between different groups.
Box plots may seem simple to the point of being of little
use, but they are often used in scientific papers
A Peak Ahead

Box plots tell us how the underlying distribution looks


Lesson 3:
Box and Whisker Plots and Frequency Tables
Learning targets
 Did we hit the target?
 Which of these targets do you
need to keep working on?

 I can read and make sense of a box plot


 I can create the box plot for a given a set of data
Let’s practice
A
B
C
10 20 30 40 50 60

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