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Thyroid function tests measure how well the thyroid gland is working by testing levels of T3, T4, and TSH hormones. Abnormal levels can indicate hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The tests help diagnose thyroid conditions and monitor treatment effectiveness.

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6 views12 pages

Chempath Presentation Group 2

Thyroid function tests measure how well the thyroid gland is working by testing levels of T3, T4, and TSH hormones. Abnormal levels can indicate hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The tests help diagnose thyroid conditions and monitor treatment effectiveness.

Uploaded by

Confidence Morgan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

PRESENTATION ON THYROID FUNCTION


TEST
By

AMEZOUWOE GODFRED (DML/C-006/22 )

OSEI PORTIA (DML/C-001/22 )


OVERVIEW

Thyroid function tests are a series of blood tests used to


measure how well your thyroid gland is working. Available
tests include the T3,T4, and TSH.
The thyroid is a small gland located in the lower-front part of
your neck. It’s responsible for helping regulate many bodily
processes, such as metabolism, energy generation, and mood.
VARIOUS THYROID HORMONES

Thyroid function tests (TFT's) include thyroid


stimulating hormone (TSH, also known as thyrotropin),
free T4 (FT4; thyroxine) and free T3 (FT3; tri-
iodothyronine). These tests are variably indicated for
investigation of possible hypo- or hyper- thyroidism, for
monitoring of adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement,
for monitoring of anti-thyroid treatment, for the
investigation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
and for management of thyroid carcinoma.
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE AND
FREE T4
• If the TSH level is high and the FT4 result is low this
suggests an under-active thyroid (hypothyroidism)
that requires treatment.
• If the TSH level is low and the FT4 result is high this
suggests an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) that
requires treatment.
• If the TSH level is slightly raised but the FT4 level is
still within the normal reference range this is called
subclinical hypothyroidism or mild thyroid failure.
TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3)

• A T3 (triiodothyronine) test helps diagnose


thyroid conditions, particularly hyperthyroidism
(overactive thyroid). T3 is the active form of thyroid
hormone, meaning it impacts cells in your body.
• Higher-than-normal T3 levels typically indicate
hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
• Lower-than-normal T3 levels may indicate you have
hypothyroidism (under-active thyroid).
HYPERTHYROIDISM

Hyperthyroidism happens when the thyroid gland makes


too much thyroid hormone. This condition also is called
overactive thyroid. Hyperthyroidism speeds up the
body's metabolism. That can cause many symptoms,
such as weight loss, hand tremors, and rapid or irregular
heartbeat, changes in menstrual cycles, excessive
sweating, sleep problems, tiredness, muscle weakness,
enlarged thyroid gland, sometimes called a goiter, which
may appear as a swelling at the base of the neck, etc
HYPOTHYROIDISM

Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland doesn't


make enough thyroid hormone. This condition also is
called under-active thyroid. Hypothyroidism may not
cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Over time,
hypothyroidism that isn't treated can lead to other health
problems such as high cholesterol and heart problems.
Symptoms include being more sensitivity to cold, dry
skin, puffy face, muscle weakness, menstrual cycles that
are heavier than usual or irregular, etc
REFERENCE RANGES
• TSH normal values are 0.5 to 5.0 mIU/L.
• A normal Total T4 level in adults ranges from 5.0 to
12.0μg/dL.
• Free T4 normal values are 0.7 to 1.9ng/dL.
• A normal Total T3 level in adults ranges from 80-220
ng/dL.
• Free T3 assays are often unreliable and not routinely
used to assess thyroid function.
LAB RESULTS AND CONSIDERATIONS
High TSH, low thyroid hormone level Primary hypothyroidism
High TSH, normal thyroid Subclinical hypothyroidism
hormone level
Low TSH, high thyroid hormone level Primary hyperthyroidism
Low TSH, normal thyroid hormone Early or mild hyperthyroidism
level
Low TSH, high thyroid hormone level Thyroiditis
Followed by…
High TSH, low thyroid hormone level (Thyroid Inflammation)

Low TSH, low thyroid hormone level Pituitary disease


REFERENCE
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
Developing NICE guidelines: the manual [updated
October 2018]. London. National Institute for Health
and Care Excellence, 2014.
• Notas G, Kampa M, Malliaraki N, Petrodaskalaki M,
Papavasileiou S, Castanas E. Implementation of thyroid
function tests algorithms by clinical laboratories: A
four-year experience of good clinical and diagnostic
practice in a tertiary hospital in Greece. European
Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018; 54:81–86
THE BUSINESS OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH IS
MOSTLY ABOUT FAILURE. FEW PROJECTS WE
COMMISSION WILL ULTIMATELY RESULT IN
SUCCESS. BUT EVERY STUDY WE DO CONTRIBUTES
TO THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE THAT BRINGS
SCIENCE AND SOCIETY CLOSER TO A SOLUTION.

KENNETH FRAZIER
THANK YOU 🙏

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