Introduction

 cadastre is normally a parcel based, and up-

to-date land information system containing a
record of interests in land (e.g. rights,
restrictions and responsibilities).

 A cadastre, historically, has meant a record of

land parcels, similar in meaning to tax maps.
 Cadastral surveying is the discipline of land
surveying that relates to the laws of land
ownership and the definition of property
boundaries.
 It involves interpreting and advising on boundary
locations, on the status of land ownership and on
the rights, restrictions and interests in property, as
well as the recording of such information for use
on plans, maps, etc.
 It also involves the physical delineation of property
boundaries and determination of dimensions,
areas and certain rights associated with properties,
whether they are on land, water or defined by
natural or artificial features.
 Cadastral surveys are generally performed to
subdivide land into parcels for ownership
under a land title and to re-establish
boundaries of previously surveyed properties
to determine the physical extent of ownership
or to facilitate the transfer of the property
title.
 Cadastral surveys are used to document land

ownership, by the production of documents,

diagrams, sketches, plans, charts, and maps.
 A geometric description of land parcels linked
to other records describing the nature of the
interests the ownership or control of those
interests and often the value of the parcel
and its improvements.
 Real property ownership is not the ownership
of land; it is the designation as the authority
to control an area. It is the ownership of
“rights.”

 The right to build upon, improve, inhabit,

cultivate, deny access to others, and
countless other rights are what is owned.
 The collection of papers, recordings, and
other documents that describe a transfer of
the titled rights to a real property parcel are
often referred to as the title.
 A deed is the written instrument that describes
the assignment of the rights that are “owned” and
the geographical limits of that assignment.
 A deed is not the same as a title, although the
words are often used interchangeably.
 Although the limits of the rights of real property
ownership are invisible, they must be identifiable.
Every deed must communicate what rights are
owned and where the boundaries or limits of
those rights are.
 It is folly to attempt to transfer rights in real
property without adequately identifying and
communicating the location of the limits of the
rights conveyed.
 East
 North

 Corners: Instead of defining the boundaries

of the parcel by marking each step of a
walking man, the end points of each side
could be marked and the boundary could be
defined as a straight land line between the
end land points or corners.
 primary function (e.g. supporting taxation, conveyancing,
land distribution, or multipurpose land management
activities);
 the types of rights recorded (e.g. private ownership, use
rights, mineral leases);
 the degree of state responsibility in ensuring the accuracy
and reliability of the data (e.g. complete state mandate,
shared public and private responsibility);
 location and jurisdiction (e.g. urban and rural Cadastres;
centralised and decentralised Cadastres);
 the many ways in which information about the parcels is
collected ( e.g. ground surveys tied to geodetic control,
uncoordinated ground surveys and measurements, aerial
photography, digitizing existing historical records, etc.)
 a) Fiscal cadastre

It records information for the purpose of

property valuation and land taxation. Here,
the basic information needed is location and
value of the parcel. In this regard, there must
be some sort of agreed upon valuation
method that help determine the value of a
parcel.
 b) Legal cadastre
 It is a register aiming at identifying the legal
owner and exact boundaries of the parcel. To
establish legal cadastre it requires delineation of
boundaries of the given parcel through surveying
and mapping and thereby provision of legal
rights. In this respect, legal cadastre is helpful in:
1. Defining property rights;
2. Describing the extent of property rights;
3. Supporting land transfer; and
4. Providing evidence of ownership.
 c) Multi-purpose cadastre
 It is a relatively new approach of land information
system which is reported to have been
introduced after the Second World War. This land
register system incorporates all the necessary
information, at one source, which among others
are information related to legal and fiscal
cadastre, land use, buildings, infrastructures of
under ground and overhead constructions, soil
and other aspects of the given parcel. In many
respects, multi-purpose cadastre seems to be an
important type of land information system for it
provides multitudes of information related to a
given parcel.
 Facilitating efficient and safe land transaction;
 Providing security and protection
 Minimizing disputes and litigations of land
 Serving as a tool for assessing and taxing land
 Providing the necessary information for planning
purposes
 Managing environmental issues;
 Facilitating the implementation of land reform
when necessary.
 Registering and carrying out inventory of
heritages which are found in urban centers; and
 Registering tourist facilities
 By the end of 1907 Menelik II declared the
country's first urban land- related proclamation.
 The French are reported to have initiated
cadastral works in Addis Ababa in the 1920s.
 Ethiopian Mapping Agency (EMA) established in
1954
 Since the 1960s the Authority has begun
production of large scale maps for town
planning.
 In 1985 the Addis Ababa city administration
launched cadastral project with the core objective
of registering property for taxation purpose.
 Introduction of modern cadastral system in
some major regional towns of the country -
piloted cadastral projects in four regional capitals
namely: Mekelle, Bahirdar, Awassa and Adama.
 In 1998 in Mekelle, in 1999 Bahirdar and Awassa,
and in 2000 in Adama.
 These projects have been launched with the
intention of establishing multi- purpose cadastre
that could be updated constantly. By doing so
municipalities could be able in establishing up-
to-date data -base system which would be
instrumental in managing their resources
efficiently.