A

SEMINAR ON

BEHAVIOUR OF ELEVATED WATER

TANK CONSIDERING SLOSHING
EFFECT
BY GUIDED BY

PATHAN AZIMKHAN NASIRKHAN PROF. A. J. MEHETRE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AMRUTNAGAR
TAL-SANGAMNER, DIST-AHMEDNAGAR, (M.S.) INDIA-422608
(2015-2016)
 INTRODUCTION

 LITERATURE REVIEW

 SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF ELEVATED WATER TANK

 METHEDOLOGY

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 CONCLUSIONS

 REFERENCES
  Elevated Service reservoir

The principal reasons for use of elevated

service reservoirs are as follows:

Their capacity can be stored economically at

any desired pressure.
The entire capacity is available for use.
The maximum pressure is slightly above
the minimum pressure, thus giving efficient
operations of the pumps.
The tank when filled depends only upon the
unfailing law of gravitation for its pressure.
Fig. Component Parts of Elevated Water Tanks
 Functions of Service Reservoir
 Provide a reserve of treated water that will minimize interruptions of supply due
to failures of mains, pumps, or other plant equipment;
 Help maintain uniform pressure;
 Provide a reserve of water for fire fighting and other emergencies;
 Act as a relief valve on a system of mains supplied by pumping;
 Permit a reduction in the size of distribution mains below that which would be
required in the absence of a reservoir;
 Allow pumping at the average rather than peak flow rate.
 Classification of Service Reservoirs
 Depending on position with respect to the ground level
 Depending on the shape
 Based on the type of material used for construction
 Based on the capacities of the tank:
 Aims & Objectives of Study

 To Study the Behaviour of Static and Dynamic Analysis of Elevated

Water Tank
 To Study the Dynamic Response of Elevated Water Tank by Both
the Methods
 To Study the Hydrodynamic Effect on Elevated Water Tank
 To Study the Seismic Load Behaviour (Response Spectrum
Analysis)
Various Papers Studied:-
Chirag N. Patel & H. S. Patel, “Influence of frame type tapered
staging on sloshing behavior of elevated water tank”.
M. V. Waghmare & S.N.Madhekar, “Behaviour of elevated water
tank under sloshing effect”,
Gaikwad Madhukar V. & Prof. Mangulkar Madhuri N.
“Comparison between static and dynamic analysis of elevated water
tank ”,
H. Shakib , F. Omidinasab and M.T. Ahmadi “Seismic Demand
Evaluation of Elevated Reinforced Concrete Water Tanks ” .
 Summery of Literature Survey

 In India, acceptance of dynamic response for elevated service reservoir techniques

are less due to insufficient design considerations availability, so from all above studies
the analysis and design of elevated service reservoir yet not performed in ANSYS
software using Response spectra method. Response spectra method is going to apply
for elevated service reservoir as per IS code and developing a program in ANSYS
software.
 Seismic analysis of elevated water tank involved two types of analysis,
1. Equivalent Static Analysis of Elevated Water Tanks.
2. Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Water Tanks.
 Equivalent static analysis of elevated water tanks is the conventional
analysis based on the conversion of seismic load in equivalent static
load. IS: 1893- 2002 has provided the method of analysis of elevated
water tank for seismic loading.
 Dynamic analysis of liquid storage tank is a complex problem
involving water- structure interaction. Based on numerous analytical,
numerical and experimental studies, simple spring- mass models of
tank- liquid system have been developed to calculate the
hydrodynamic forces.
 Model Provisions
 A satisfactory spring mass analogue to characterize basic
dynamics for two mass model of elevated tank was
proposed by Housner (1963) after the chileane earthquake
of 1960, which is more appropriate and is being commonly
used in most of the international codes including GSDMA
guideline.
 where, mi, mc, Kc, hi, hc, hs, etc. are
the parameters of spring mass
model.
 stiffness (Ks) is lateral stiffness of
staging. The mass (ms) is the
structural mass
 The parameters of this model
depend on geometry of the tank
Fig. Two Mass Model for Elevated Tank
and its flexibility.
 Consideration of GSDMA (Gujarat State Disaster Management
Authority) Guideline
 Analysis of ground supported tanks.
 For elevated tanks, the single degree of freedom is replaced by two degree
of freedom idealization.
 Bracing beam flexibility is explicitly included in calculation of lateral
stiffness of tank staging.
 The effect of convective and impulsive hydrodynamic pressure distribution
in the analysis.
 Effect of vertical ground acceleration on hydrodynamic pressure and
pressure due to wall inertia.
 Sloshing effect of water and maximum sloshing wave height.
 P-Delta effect for elevated water tank.
 Fluid-Structure Interaction

Fig. FEM Model for Fluid-Structure-Interaction Added Mass Approach

Fig. (a) Westergaard Added Mass Concept (b)

 Selection of Elements
 ANSYS offers various elements for modeling and analysis, elements are used for
present FEA model.
 The contents are represented by 3-D fluid elements. The fluid element is
particularly well suited for calculating hydrostatic pressures and fluid/solid
interactions.
 The basic equation solved in a typical undamped modal analysis is the classical
eigen value problem: [K]{Φi} = ωi2 [M] {Φi}
where:
[K] = stiffness matrix
{Φi} = mode shape vector (eigenvector) of mode i

ωi2 = natural circular frequency of mode i ( ωi2 is the eigen value)

[M] = mass matrix After application of boundary conditions the modal analysis was
run using reduced method.
 Response Spectrum Analysis
 The tank was excitated by response spectrum in X-direction and Z-direction. The real data
Bhuj earthquake 2001( India) is given.

Fig.Response Spectrum of Bhuj Earthquake (2001) in X direction and Z direction

Frequency (cps) 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.25 0.33 0.50 0.67

Acceleration (g) mm/s2 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.021 0.031
 Discussion about Results
 Generally if the water tank is excited due to earthquake ground
motion the displacement of water in the tank depends upon the
volume of water contained in it.
 Sloshing frequency is an important parameter in the seismic analysis
of tank-liquid system. For the regular tank geometries, such as
circular and rectangular, the analytical expressions for sloshing
frequency are quite well known.
 The critical response of elevated tanks does not always occur in full
condition, it may also occur under half condition. The critical
response depends on the earthquake characteristics and particularly
frequency content of earthquake records.
 The critical response of the elevated tank due to fact that the hydrodynamic

pressures of container in half condition as compared with the full condition are

higher. In addition to the critical response, depends on the earthquake

characteristics and particularly frequency content of earthquake records. Thus,

Structure response to each record in addition to the dynamic properties of the

structure also depends on the above mentioned properties.

 Elevated water tank with compartment reduce the sloshing effect & stress,

deflection, deformations of the tank.

 On the basis of the results obtained in the study, although it is apparent that certain aspects of
behavior of water tank are not yet clearly understood a number of conclusions may drawn.
The salient conclusions, based on the study, are summarized as follows:

 The maximum stress in static condition in circular water tank is lower than the maximum
stress in circular tank with four compartments similarly in rectangular tank the maximum
stress is lower than the rectangular tank with four compartments . This is due to the increases
of load of compartment in that tank. The results in modal & response spectrum condition are
also similar.

 The total deformation of tank in static condition the deformation in circular tank is more as
compair to circular with four compartment also in rectangular and rectangular with four
compartment we find same result in static, & modal (dynamic ) analysis .
 The directional deformation in static condition zero value in all types of tanks.

 For half-filled tank the directional deformation in response spectrum condition is more in
circular tank and less in circular tank with four compartment similar result in rectangular tank
& rectangular with four compartment.
Chirag N. Patel ,Burhan Kanjetawala ,H. S. Patel “Influence of frame type tapered
staging on sloshing behaviour of elevated water tank”. International Journal of Advanced
Engineering Research and Studies Vol. II, Issue I, October-December, 2012, Pg.No.64-
67.
M. V. Waghmare, S.N.Madhekar, “Behaviour of elevated water tank under sloshing
effect ”, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231
–5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013,Pg.No.51-54.
Gaikwad Madhukar V., Prof. Mangulkar Madhuri N. “Comparison between static
and dynamic analysis of elevated water tank ” International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6316 Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June
(2013),Pg.No.12-29.
H. Shakib , F. Omidinasab and M.T. Ahmadi “Seismic Demand Evaluation of
Elevated Reinforced Concrete Water Tanks ” International Journal of Civil Engineerng.
Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2010, Pg.No.204-220.
O. R. Jaiswal, Shraddha Kulkarni and Pavan Pathak “A study on sloshing frequencies
of fluid-tank system” The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-
17, 2008, Beijing, China.,Pg.No.1-8
D.Takabatake1 , S.Sawada , N.Yoneyama and M.Miura “Sloshing reduction effect of
splitting wall in cylindrical tank” The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.,Pg.No1-8.
Chirag N. Patel , H. S. Patel “ Optimum diameter of tapered elevated RC water tank
staging” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Volume
2, Issue 12, December 2012,Pg.No 246-252.
L. Kalani Sarokolayi, B. Navayineya, M. Hosainalibegi, J. Vaseghi Amiri “Dynamic
analysis of water tanks with interaction between fluid and structure” The 14th World
Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.Pg.No.1-9
S. K. Hirde & S. S.Kulkani, “Reinforced concrete elevated service reservoirs in
earthquake prone region” 26th Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures: 27
- 28 August 2001, Singapore. Pg.No.285-292.
Pravin B. Waghmare, Dr. P.S.Pajgade and Dr. N.M.Kanhe “Seismic Response of
Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks with Elastomeric Bearings” International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Volume 2, Issue 2,
February 2013,Pg.No.82-87.

F. Omidinasab and H. Shakib “Seismic vulnerability of elevated water tanks using
performance based-design” The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China,Pg.No.1-8.
Ming-Jyh Chern & Nima Vaziri “ Pseudospectral solution of three-dimensional
nonlinear sloshing in a shallow water rectangular tank” Journal of Fluids and Structures
, Volume 35, November 2012, Pg. No. 160–184
J.H. Jung H.S. Yoon “Effect of the vertical baffle height on the liquid sloshing in a
three-dimensional rectangular tank” Ocean Engineering, Volume 44, April 2012, Pg.
No. 79-89
 P.K. Panigrahy &U.K. Saha “Experimental studies on sloshing behavior due to horizontal
movement of liquids in baffled tanks” Ocean Engineering, Volume 36, Issues 3–4, March
2009, Pg. No. 213-222
 Chih-Hua Wu & Odd Magnus Faltinsen “Numerical study of sloshing liquid in tanks with
baffles by time-independent finite difference and fictitious cell method” Computers &
Fluids, Volume 63, 30 June 2012, Pg. No. 9-26 Mohammad Ali Goudarzi &
Saeed Reza Sabbagh-Yazdi “Investigation of nonlinear sloshing effects in seismically
excited tanks” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 43, December 2012, Pg.
No. 355-365
 M.J. Ketabdari & H. Saghi “Parametric study for optimization of storage tanks considering
sloshing phenomenon using coupled BEM–FEM” Applied Mathematics and Computation,
Volume 224, 1 November 2013, Pg. No. 123-139
 Hakan & N. Erdem “An experimental investigation of the effects of the ring baffles on
liquid sloshing in a rigid cylindrical tank” Ocean Engineering, Volume 59, 1 February 2013,
Pg. No. 190-197
 Ping-jian & Wen-yang “Numerical simulation of sloshing in rectangular tank with
VOF based on unstructured grids” Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, Volume 22, Issue
6, December 2010, Pages 856-864
 IITK-GSDMA (Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority Gandhinagar )
Guidelines, “Guidelines on Seismic Design of Liquid Storage Tanks”october-2007.
 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: PART 2 liquid retaining
tanks elevated and ground supported (Revision of IS 1893(Part 2), june-2006.
 IS 1893(Part-I): 2002- discussed the criteria for earthquake resistant design of
structure.
 IS: 1893(Part II)(2005)- Draft Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structure
(Liquid Retaining Tanks)
 IS : 3370 ( Part II ) – 1965- liquid retaining tanks elevated and ground supported.
 IS: 11682-1985 Criteria for design of RCC staging for over head water tanks,
 IS: 456-2000 plain and reinforced concrete code of practice.
 IS 13920 : 1993-ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic
 Bhumika B. Mehta (M. E. CIVIL – CASAD) “Response spectrum of linear elastic
system for 2001 bhuj earthquake” Pg. No. 1-29
 R. N. Iyengar and S. T. G. Raghu Kanth “Strong ground motion at Bhuj city during
the Kutch earthquake” current science, vol. 82, june 2002. Pg. No.10-12
 Gareane A. I. Algreane et al., “Behavior of Elevated Concrete Water Tank Subjected
to Artificial Ground Motion”, EJGE, Vol. 16, 2011.
 ANSYS 12.0 Guide
 Uma Chaduvula, Deepam Patel, N Gopalakrishnan “Fluid-Structure-Soil Interaction
Effects on Seismic Behavior of Elevated Water Tanks” science direct- Procedia
Engineering vol-51 ( 2013 ) Pg. No. 84 – 91
 ACI Committee Report “Control of Deflection in Concrete Structures”, ACI 435R-95-
Reapproved 2000, Pg. No. 1-89
 http://www.codecogs.com/library/engineering/fluid_mechanics/fluid_masses/
accelerated-horizontally.php