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Mass Wasting (Es)

The document discusses different types of mass wasting including slumps, flows, rockfalls, debris avalanches, mudflows, and creep. It provides details on the characteristics, causes, and impacts of each type of mass wasting and concludes by discussing some key factors that can influence mass wasting events.

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Crafty Jigyasa
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33 views11 pages

Mass Wasting (Es)

The document discusses different types of mass wasting including slumps, flows, rockfalls, debris avalanches, mudflows, and creep. It provides details on the characteristics, causes, and impacts of each type of mass wasting and concludes by discussing some key factors that can influence mass wasting events.

Uploaded by

Crafty Jigyasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF MASS

WASTING

BY- JIGYASA
A50504923003
BSc IT
Ty pe s o f Mass
Wasting
Mass wasting, also known as slope movement
or mass movement, refers to the downslope
movement of soil, rock, and debris under the
influence of gravity. This natural process is a
critical component of the Earth's surface
evolution, shaping landscapes and creating
diverse landforms over time. There are several
distinct types of mass wasting, each with its
own unique characteristics, causes, and
impacts. Understanding these various forms of
mass wasting is crucial for geologists, civil
engineers, and land-use planners in order to
assess and mitigate the risks posed by these
geologic hazards.
Ty p e s o f Mass Wasting
Slumps 1
Slumps are a type of rotational slide
where a cohesive mass of soil or rock 2 Flows
moves downslope along a curved surface.
Flows are a type of mass
This often occurs on steep slopes where the
wasting where a mixture of
material has become saturated with water,
soil, rock, and water moves
reducing the internal strength of the slope.
rapidly downslope, often
Creep 3 taking on a fluid-like
behavior. These can range
Creep is a slow, gradual downslope
from slow-moving
movement of soil and rock material. This
earthflows to fast-moving
imperceptible movement is caused by a
debris flows and mudflows.
combination of gravity, soil moisture
changes, and freeze-thaw cycles. Creep can
eventually lead to the development of other
mass wasting features like scarps and
terraces.
Slumps
Characteristics Causes I m pact s

Slumps are characterized by Slumps are typically Slumps can have significant impacts
the downward and outward triggered by a on the surrounding environment,
movement of a cohesive mass combination of including the destruction of
of soil or rock along a curved, factors, including infrastructure, the disruption of
concave-up surface. This heavy rainfall, rapid drainage patterns, and the creation
type of mass wasting often snow melt, or human of new landforms such as scarps
occurs on steep slopes activities that and hummocky terrain. They can
where the material has increase slope also contribute to the gradual
become saturated, reducing saturation or erosion and reshaping of the
its internal strength and steepness. landscape over time.
stability.
Flo ws
Earthflows 2 Debri s Flows 3 Mudflows
1
Earthflows are Debris flows are rapid, high- Mudflows are a
slow- moving, volume movements of water- type of debris
viscous flows of saturated debris, such as flow that consist
soil and weathered mud, rocks, and organic primarily of fine-
bedrock. They material. They can travel at grained sediment
often occur on speeds up to 35 mph (56 and water.
slopes with high km/h) and can be triggered They can be
clay content and by heavy rainfall or rapid particularly
can continue snowmelt. devastating, as
moving for years they can flow
or even decades. around obstacles
and engulf entire
areas in their
path.
Rockfalls

Detachment S te e p S l o pe s T rigg ering Impacts


Factors
Rockfalls occur Rockfalls are Rockfalls can
when individual most common Factors such as pose a
rocks or on steep, rocky heavy rainfall, significant
boulders slopes where rapid threat to
become weathering snowmelt, or infrastructure,
detached from a and erosion human transportation
cliff or steep have weakened activities that routes, and
slope and fall the rock mass, destabilize the human safety, as
or roll downhill making it more slope can the falling rocks
due to gravity. susceptible to trigger rockfalls, can cause
failure. causing the extensive
detached rocks damage and
to tumble down even loss of
the slope. life.
Debris Avalanches
Triggering Event
1 Debris avalanches are often triggered by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or
earthquakes, which can destabilize large volumes of soil, rock, and vegetation on
steep slopes.
Ra p i d M o v e m e n t

2 The destabilized material then rapidly accelerates downslope, sometimes at speeds


exceeding 60 mph (100 km/h), creating a large, fast-moving flow of debris.

Wi despread Destruction
3 Debris avalanches can cause extensive damage to infrastructure, bury whole
communities, and significantly alter the surrounding landscape, making them one of
the most destructive types of mass wasting.
Mudflows
Composition Mudflows are a type of debris flow that
consists primarily of fine-grained sediment
and water, often containing a high percentage
of clay and silt.

Mobility Mudflows can be highly mobile, flowing


around obstacles and engulfing entire areas
in their path, making them particularly
dangerous and destructive.

Triggers Mudflows are often triggered by heavy


rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or the failure of
natural or artificial dams, which can
suddenly release large volumes of water-
saturated debris.
Impacts Mudflows can cause significant damage to
infrastructure, bury or destroy entire
communities, and dramatically alter the
surrounding landscape, making them a
major natural hazard in many regions.
C r e ep
G ra d u a l M o v e m e n t
Indicators
Creep is a slow, gradual downslope
Signs of creep include the leaning of
movement of soil and rock material. This
trees, the tilting of fences or walls, and
imperceptible movement is caused by a
the formation of steps or scarps on the
combination of gravity, soil moisture
slope surface. These indicators can help
changes, and freeze-thaw cycles. Creep
identify areas where creep is actively
can eventually lead to the development
occurring and potentially leading to
of other mass wasting features like
more significant mass wasting events.
scarps and terraces.
L o n g - t e r m I m pact s
While creep may seem insignificant, it can have significant long-term impacts on the
landscape. Over time, the gradual movement of material can lead to the development of
distinct landforms, such as hummocky terrain and lobate slopes, and can also contribute to
the overall erosion and reshaping of the landscape.
Factors I n f l u e n c i n g Mass Wasting
S l o p e A n gl e Water C o n t e n t Vegetation C ove r

The steepness of a The amount of water The presence and


slope is a critical present in the slope density of vegetation
factor in determining material can on a slope can play a
the likelihood and significantly influence crucial role in
type of mass wasting its stability. Increased stabilizing the soil
that may occur. water content, from and rock material.
Steeper slopes are heavy rainfall, rapid Roots help to bind
generally more prone snowmelt, or even the soil, while the
to rapid and human activities, can aboveground
catastrophic mass reduce the internal vegetation can
wasting events, such strength of the slope intercept rainfall and
as rockfalls and and trigger mass reduce the amount of
debris flows. wasting events like water infiltrating the
slumps and slope.
earthflows.

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