Averages from grouped tables

12/1/2023 Averages from grouped tables

 What is the problem with these grouped frequency tables?

Ms Smyth will record the times it takes A restaurant records the amount
students to finish a run. spent by each customer.

Time, t (minutes) Frequency Spent, s (£) Total

0 to 1 0⩽s⩽1 12
1 to 2 1⩽s⩽2 8
2 to 3 2⩽s⩽3 7
4 to 5 3⩽s⩽4 3

Where do we record exactly 1 minute? 1 s⩽2

Where can we put 3 minutes & 20 seconds?
 A restaurant records the amount each customer spends.
Each piece of data is displayed as a dot on a scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Spent (£)

Can we calculate averages for this data?

How could we collate (combine) the data to simplify it for representation?

 A restaurant records the amount each customer spends.
Each piece of data is displayed as a dot on a scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Spent (£)

Spent, s (£) Frequency (f)

0.6 1
1.3 1
2 1
2.75 2
4.20 1
4.71 1

An ungrouped frequency table will have lots of rows.

 A restaurant records the amount each customer spends.
Each piece of data is displayed as a dot on a scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Spent (£)

0 s⩽4 4 s⩽8 8 s ⩽ 12

We can group the data to make it easier to calculate averages.

Estimated Total
Spent, s (£) Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) Group Value
(f × m)
0 s⩽4 5 2 10
4 s⩽8 8 6 48
8 s ⩽ 12 7 10 70

How can we use the grouped data to Total Frequency = 20

calculate a mean? Estimated Total Value = 128
Estimated Mean = £6.40
 A restaurant records the amount each customer spends.
Each piece of data is displayed as a dot on a scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Spent (£)

0 s⩽4 4 s⩽8 8 s ⩽ 12

The modal group is 4 s⩽8

But what is the actual mode?

 A takeaway records the amount each customer spends.

Frequency
Spent, s ( £ )
(f)

0 s⩽4 10

4 s⩽8 7

8 s ⩽ 12 3

Can we calculate a mean, median & mode from this data?

 A takeaway records the amount each customer spends.

Estimated Total
Frequency Midpoint
Spent, s ( £ ) Group Value
(f) (m)
(f×m)

0 s⩽4 10 2 20

4 s⩽8 7 6 42

8 s ⩽ 12 3 10 30
20 92

The data is grouped (we do not know the original values). Estimated Mean
So, we can calculate a mean but it is only an estimate. = £92 ÷ 20
= £9.20 ÷ 2
1) In each group, assume everyone spent the midpoint amount. = £4.60
2) Total the value for each group.
3) Calculate a mean using the total frequency & the combined group totals.
 A takeaway records the amount each customer spends.

Estimated Total
Frequency Midpoint
Spent, s ( £ ) Group Value
(f) (m)
(f×m)

0 s⩽4 10 2 20
10
4 s⩽8 7 6 42
17
8 s ⩽ 12 3 10 30
20
20 92

We can identify…

…the Modal Group ...the group containing the Median

The group with the largest frequency. Median value = (20 + 1) ÷ 2 = 10.5th Value

=0 s⩽4 4 s⩽8 contains the median

 A newsagent records the amount each customer spends.

Estimated Total
Frequency Midpoint
Spent, s ( £ ) Group Value
(f) (m)
(f×m)

0 s⩽6 3 3 9

6 s ⩽ 12 8 9 72

12 s ⩽ 18 9 15 135
20 216

The data is grouped (we do not know the original values). Estimated Mean
So, we can calculate a mean but it is only an estimate. = £216 ÷ 20
= £21.60 ÷ 2
1) In each group, assume everyone spent the midpoint amount. = £10.80
2) Total the value for each group.
3) Calculate a mean using the total frequency & the combined group totals.
 A newsagent records the amount each customer spends.

Estimated Total
Frequency Midpoint
Spent, s ( £ ) Group Value
(f) (m)
(f×m)

0 s⩽6 3 3 9
3
6 s ⩽ 12 8 9 72
11
12 s ⩽ 18 9 15 135
20
20 216

We can identify…

…the Modal Group ...the group containing the Median

The group with the largest frequency. Median value = (20 + 1) ÷ 2 = 10.5th Value

= 12 s ⩽ 18 6 s ⩽ 12 contains the median

 A scientist records the amount of time it takes kids to complete a puzzle.

Estimated Total
Frequency Midpoint
Time, t ( minutes ) Group Value
(f) (m)
(f×m)
0 t⩽2 3 1 3
2 t⩽4 10 3 30
4 t⩽6 8 5 40
6 t⩽8 4 7 28
25 101

The data is grouped (we do not know the original values). Estimated Mean
So, we can calculate a mean but it is only an estimate. = 101 ÷ 25
≈ 4 minutes
1) In each group, assume everyone spent the midpoint amount.
2) Total the value for each group.
3) Calculate the mean using the total frequency & combined total values.
 A scientist records the amount of time it takes kids to complete a puzzle.

Estimated Total
Frequency Midpoint
Time, t ( minutes ) Group Value
(f) (m)
(f×m)
0 t⩽2 3 1 3
3
2 t⩽4 10 13 3 30
4 t⩽6 8 21 5 40
6 t⩽8 4 25 7 28
25 101

We can identify…

…the Modal Group ...the group containing the Median

The group with the largest frequency. Median value = (25 + 1) ÷ 2 = 13th Value

=2 t⩽4 2 t⩽4 contains the median

 Complete the grouped frequency tables to find estimates for the mean.

1) Julie recorded how much 2) Tom recorded how late his

each customer spent at her shop. bus184
was÷each
30 =day.
6.1 minutes

Spent, s Frequency Midpoint Time, t

f×m Frequency Midpoint f×m
(£) (f) (m) ( minutes )

0 t ⩽ 10 4 5 20 0 t⩽4 14 2 28

10 t ⩽ 20 10 15 150 4 t⩽8 5 6 30

20 t ⩽ 30 6 25 150 8 t ⩽ 12 7 10 70
20 320 12 t ⩽ 16 4 14 56

£320 ÷ 20 = £16 30 184

3) A class recorded their heights. 8290 cm ÷ 51 = 162.5 cm

Height, h ( cm ) 120 h ⩽ 140 140 h ⩽ 160 160 h ⩽ 180 180 h ⩽ 200

Frequency 8 14 18 11
 Over 2 weeks, Max recorded how much Hannah recorded how far
he spent every day on snacks. she jogged each week.

Spent, s Frequency Midpoint Distance, d Frequency Midpoint

f×m f×m
(£) (f) (m) ( km ) (f) (m)

0 t⩽2 7 1 7 0 d⩽3 7 1.5 10.5

2 t⩽4 5 3 15 3 d⩽6 7 4.5 31.5

4 t⩽6 3 5 15 6 d⩽9 6 7.5 45

15 37 9 d ⩽ 12 8 10.5 84

12 d ⩽ 15 2 13.5 27
30 198
Mean = £37 ÷ 15 = £2.47 Mean = 198 ÷ 30 = 6.6 km
0 t⩽2
Calculate an estimate for the mean. 9 d ⩽ 12
Calculate an estimate for the mean.
Which is the modal group? Which is the modal group?
In which group is the median? 2 t ⩽ 4 In which group is the median? 6 d ⩽ 9