Chapter 7

Human Technology Interface

Course Instructors 2023 -2024 ( Term 2 )

Prepared By Dr . Prema Balusamy
Delivered by : Dr .Prema Balusamy and Dr. Essam Eltantawy
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 Alignment with Course Learning Outcomes
Programme Learning Outcome K2

Course Learning Outcome 1.2 Discuss the clinical technology impacts

Contact Hours: 1 in health care and nursing practice
Chapter 7: Human Technology Interface

Method of Teaching & Instructional tool Interactive Lecture, Discussion &PPT

Method of Assessment Final Exam

Types of question for Assessment Multiple Choice question , Short answers,
Case study
 Lecture Plan

Time / Content Slide

Duration : No
50 Mts

10 Aspects and Benefits of Health Technology interface 8-10

15 Ergonomics and its Principles for Nurses Using Technology 11-15

and Computers
15 Client safety when using computers and other technologies 16-18
at the client bedside
10 HTI in Healthcare and Nursing Practice 19-22
Review of Last Lecture

Chapter 6 :Ethical and Legal aspects of Nursing Informatics

Learning outcomes

At the end of the lecture, students will be able to,

Knowledge: Explain the principles of ergonomics and their importance.

Comprehension: Explain how ergonomics principles can prevent MSDs.
Evaluation: Evaluate the impact of HTI on nursing practice and patient outcomes.
Application: Apply ergonomic principles to set up a safe and comfortable nursing
workstation.
Introduction

Human interface technology (HIT) is a broad field that encompasses the design and
development of systems that allow humans to interact with machines. This includes everything
from the physical devices we use to input and output information (like keyboards, mice, and
screens) to the software that allows us to control those devices (like operating systems and
applications).
key aspects of HIT:

• Focus: The core goal of HIT is to create interfaces that are both effective and easy to use.
Effective interfaces allow users to complete tasks quickly and accurately, while user-friendly
interfaces are intuitive and require little or no training to learn.
• Components: HIT involves both hardware and software. Hardware includes the physical
devices we interact with, while software encompasses the applications, interfaces, and operating
systems that control these devices and present information to us.
Examples:
• Command line interfaces (CLIs): Text-based interfaces requiring users to type commands
to interact with the computer.
• Graphical user interfaces (GUIs): The most common type today, GUIs use windows,
icons, menus, and pointers for user interaction.
• Natural language interfaces (NLIs): Allow interaction using spoken language or text.
• Virtual reality (VR): Creates an immersive experience simulating a user's physical
presence in a virtual world.
• Augmented reality (AR): Overlays digital information in the real world.
Benefits of HIT in Nursing Informatics:
• Improved Efficiency and Accuracy:
User-friendly interfaces for Electronic Health Records (EHR) and other nursing
information systems allow for faster data entry, retrieval, and analysis. Think of features
like touchscreens, voice commands, and pre-populated forms that reduce time spent
wrestling with technology.
• Enhanced Decision-Making:
HIT facilitates the presentation of complex medical data in clear formats like charts and
graphs. Nurses can analyze patient trends, identify potential issues, and make informed
decisions about care plans more quickly. Imagine being able to visualize a patient's vitals
over time or compare medication responses through clear and interactive interfaces.
Benefits of HIT in Nursing Informatics:
• Remote Patient Monitoring:
Wearable devices and sensors can be integrated with nursing information systems through a
well-designed HIT. This allows nurses to monitor vital signs remotely, intervene promptly
when necessary, and improve patient outcomes. Imagine being able to keep an eye on a
recovering patient's vitals at home through a user-friendly app that integrates seamlessly
with the hospital's EHR system.
• Streamlined Communication:
Secure messaging platforms and collaboration tools built into the HIT enable efficient
communication between nurses, doctors, and other healthcare professionals. This improves
coordination of care and reduces delays in treatment. Nurses can easily share patient
updates, request consultations, or collaborate on treatment plans without getting bogged
down by inefficient communication methods.
Ergonomics and HTI :
Ergonomics, also known as human factors, is the scientific discipline concerned with
understanding the interactions between humans and other elements of a system. Its primary
goal is to design systems, products, and environments that fit the physical and cognitive
capabilities of users. In the context of HTI, ergonomics provides the foundation for designing
interfaces that are:
• Usable: Easy to learn, understand, and navigate, minimizing user frustration and errors.
• Safe: Reduces the risk of injuries or health problems associated with technology use, like
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) from improper workstation setup.
• Comfortable: Promotes a comfortable and healthy posture while interacting with technology.
• Efficient: Allows users to complete tasks quickly and effectively, maximizing productivity.
Ergonomic Principles for Nurses Using Technology and Computers:
Nurses heavily rely on technology and computers for tasks like documentation, medication
administration, and accessing patient information. However, improper use can lead to
discomfort, fatigue, and even musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Here are some key ergonomic
principles to promote safety and well-being while using technology in nursing practice:
Workstation Setup:
• Monitor: Position the monitor directly in front of you, at arm's length and slightly below eye
level to minimize neck strain. Consider using a monitor arm for optimal positioning.
• Keyboard and Mouse: Maintain a neutral wrist posture while typing. Utilize a wrist rest if
needed. Adjust chair height so your elbows rest comfortably at a 90-degree angle. Explore
ergonomic keyboards and mice designed to minimize strain.
• Chair: Choose an adjustable chair with lumbar support, good back support, and a
comfortable seat cushion. Ideally, the chair should allow for easy leg movement and footrest
support.
 Ergonomic Principles for Nurses Using Technology and Computers:
Posture:
• Avoid Slouching: Maintain a neutral spine with relaxed shoulders and a balanced head. Utilize proper back
support from your chair.
• Take Breaks: Get up and move around every 20-30 minutes to prevent muscle fatigue and stiffness.
Perform simple stretches for your neck, back, shoulders, and arms to improve circulation and reduce
tension. Set reminders on your computer or use wearable trackers to prompt yourself for movement breaks.
• Vary Tasks: Alternate between computer work and other physical activities throughout your shift. Consider
delegating tasks or using mobile technology for documentation, when possible, to reduce prolonged sitting.
Lighting and Environment:
• Reduce Glare: Adjust lighting to minimize screen glare and reflections. Consider using an anti-glare screen
filter if necessary.
• Neutral Lighting: Maintain comfortable ambient light that's neither too bright nor too dim. Consider using
task lighting to illuminate your work area without straining your eyes.
• Room Temperature: Adjust the room temperature to a comfortable level to avoid fatigue. A slightly cooler
temperature may help with alertness.
Ergonomic Principles for Nurses Using Technology and Computers:
Minimize Repetitive Strain:
• Keyboard Shortcuts: Utilize keyboard shortcuts to minimize repetitive mouse use. Many
software programs offer extensive shortcut options that can be learned over time.
• Software Customization: Explore features within software programs that allow for
customization of font sizes, colors, and layouts to suit your individual preferences. This can
minimize eye strain and improve user comfort.
Eye Strain Prevention:
• 20-20-20 Rule: Every 20 minutes, look away from the screen for 20 seconds at something 20
feet away. This helps to refocus your eyes and reduce strain.
• Adjust Screen Brightness & Contrast: Set comfortable brightness and contrast levels to
reduce eye strain. Most monitors offer easy adjustments for these settings.
• Blue Light Filters: Explore using blue light filter glasses or software to potentially reduce eye
fatigue. Blue light emitted from screens can disrupt sleep patterns and contribute to eye strain.
Ergonomic Principles for Nurses Using Technology and Computers:
Software Design (Advocate for User-Friendly Interfaces):
• Clear Fonts and Appropriate Sizes: Advocate for software with clear, easy-to-read fonts
and appropriate font sizes to minimize eye strain.
• Intuitive Navigation: Support the use of software interfaces with intuitive navigation that
minimizes cognitive strain and allows for quick task completion.
Training and Awareness:
• Ergonomics Training: Healthcare facilities should provide ergonomics training for nurses
on proper computer use to prevent work-related injuries. This training should address
workstation setup, posture, and best practices for using technology.
• Regular Assessments: Healthcare facilities should conduct regular ergonomic assessments to
identify and address potential risks in the work environment. This may involve evaluating
workstations, software usability, and workflow design.
Client safety when using computers and other technologies at the client’s bedside:

Infection Control:
• Hand Hygiene: This is the cornerstone of preventing the spread of infection. Always
perform thorough hand hygiene before and after using any technology at the bedside,
following the same guidelines as handwashing for other procedures.
• Disinfection Protocols: Establish clear protocols for cleaning and disinfecting computers,
tablets, and other technology used at the bedside between clients. This might involve using
alcohol wipes or approved cleaning solutions specifically designed for electronics. Pay
attention to frequently touched surfaces like keyboards, touchscreens, and styluses.
Cont.,,
Client Safety:
• Distraction and Errors: Technology use can be distracting, especially if interfaces are
complex or unfamiliar. This can increase the risk of medication errors, charting mistakes, or
missed safety cues from the client. Here's how to minimize distraction:
• Focus on the Client: Maintain eye contact and verbal communication with the client
whenever possible. Explain what you're doing on the device if appropriate.
• Minimize Multitasking: Avoid using technology for personal reasons or checking
unrelated notifications while at the bedside.
• Log Out: Log out of client accounts when finished to prevent unauthorized access to
information.
Cont.,,
Data Security and Privacy:
• Secure Logins and Passwords: Use strong passwords and log out of client accounts when
finished. Implement multi-factor authentication if available to further secure access.
• Data Privacy: Access only the client information necessary for the task at hand. Avoid
leaving client information displayed on screens unattended. Be mindful of where technology
is placed to avoid unauthorized access to data. Consider using privacy filters on screens if
possible.
• Software Updates: Ensure software is updated regularly to address security vulnerabilities
and potential bugs in the system.
 HTI in healthcare and Nursing Practice
Health Technology Interfaces (HTI) refers specifically to the way users interact with the various
Health Information Technology (HIT) systems. Here are
Electronic Health Records (EHRs):
• Intuitive Interface: Modern EHRs often have user-friendly interfaces with clear menus,
search functions, and drag-and-drop features for data entry. This allows nurses and doctors to
access and document patient information quickly and efficiently.
• Customization Options: Some EHRs allow users to personalize their dashboards and
workflow preferences. This can include customizing the layout of information displayed,
setting up quick access menus for frequently used functions, or utilizing pre-populated
templates for specific procedures.
• Voice Recognition: Advanced HTI in EHRs might integrate voice recognition software. This
allows doctors to dictate notes directly into the system, reducing reliance on typing and
improving documentation efficiency.
HTI in healthcare and Nursing Practice

Nursing Information Systems (NIS):

• Touchscreen Interfaces: Many NIS utilize touchscreen interfaces that are familiar and
intuitive for nurses accustomed to using smartphones and tablets. This can streamline data
entry for tasks like vital signs or medication administration.
• Real-time Alerts and Notifications: NIS can display critical patient data visualizations and
generate real-time alerts for abnormal vital signs or potential drug interactions.
• Integration with Wearable Devices: Advanced NIS might integrate with wearable devices,
allowing nurses to view patient data like heart rate or blood sugar levels directly within the
system interface.
HTI in healthcare and Nursing Practice
Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE):
• Decision Support Systems: CPOE systems can integrate clinical decision support systems
(CDSS) that suggest appropriate medications based on patient allergies, diagnoses, and other
factors. This can help prevent medication errors and improve patient safety.
• Dosage Calculators: CPOE interfaces may incorporate dosage calculators to ensure accurate
medication administration, reducing the risk of miscalculations.
HTI in healthcare and Nursing Practice
Telemedicine:
• Video Conferencing Platforms: Telemedicine consultations often utilize video conferencing
platforms with user-friendly interfaces that allow for clear communication between patients and
healthcare providers. Features like screen sharing can help display medical images or test
results.
• Patient Portals: Some telemedicine platforms offer patient portals where patients can schedule
appointments, access medical records, and communicate with their healthcare providers through
secure messaging features.
Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM):
• Mobile Apps: RPM often involves user-friendly mobile apps that connect to wearable devices.
These apps allow patients to easily track their health data and share it with their healthcare
providers remotely.
• Data Visualization Tools: RPM apps may present health data in clear and concise formats like
charts and graphs. This allows patients to understand their health trends and identify any
potential issues that require further attention.
Summary

Nurses play a critical role in advocating for user-friendly HTI design that prioritizes ease of
use, clear interfaces, and accessibility to optimize workflows and ultimately, improve patient
outcomes.
 Reference

• McGonigle, D. and Mastrian, K., 2024. Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowle
dge. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
 Next Lecture

Chapter 7

Human -technology interference

See you in next lecture

Any Queries
Mail id
pbalusamy@uhb.edu.sa
ialtantawi@uhb.edu.sa