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Biomass and Biofuels

The document discusses different types of biomass energy sources including wood, agriculture waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and various biofuels. It describes biomass as organic matter that can be used as an energy source and discusses advantages like being renewable and reducing reliance on fossil fuels as well as disadvantages like potential environmental impacts.

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gopikrishna1882002
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10 views15 pages

Biomass and Biofuels

The document discusses different types of biomass energy sources including wood, agriculture waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and various biofuels. It describes biomass as organic matter that can be used as an energy source and discusses advantages like being renewable and reducing reliance on fossil fuels as well as disadvantages like potential environmental impacts.

Uploaded by

gopikrishna1882002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biomass &

Bioenergy

Gopi Krishna S
What is Biomass?
>The total mass of living matter within a given unit of environmental area.

>Biomass is any organic matter—wood, crops, seaweed, animal wastes—that


can be used as an energy source. Biomass is probably our oldest source of
energy after the sun.

>For thousands of years, people have burned wood to heat their homes and cook
their food.
>It is a renewable energy source.
>Biomass is a renewable energy source because its supplies are not limited.
We can always grow trees and crops, and waste will always exist.

>The energy obtain from biomass is also called Biomass Energy.


Types of
Biomass
We use four types of biomass today:

1. Wood and Agriculture products


2. Solid Waste
3. Landfill gas and Biogas
4. Alcohol Fuels
a. Ethanol
b. Biodiesel
Wood and agriculture product
Most biomass used today is home grown energy. Wood—logs,
chips, bark, and sawdust accounts for about 44 percent of biomass
energy.
But any organic matter can produce biomass energy. Other
biomass sources can include agricultural waste products like fruit
pits and corncobs.
Wood and wood waste are used to generate electricity. Paper mills
and saw mills use much of their waste products to generate steam
and electricity for their use. However, since they use so much
energy, they need to buy additional electricity from utilities.
Solid waste
● Burning trash turns waste into a usable form of energy. One ton of garbage
contains about as much heat energy as 500 pounds of coal.
● Garbage is not all biomass; perhaps half of its energy content comes from
plastics, which are made from petroleum and natural gas.
● Power plants that burn garbage for energy are called waste-to-energy plants.
● These plants generate electricity much as coal fired plants do, except that
combustible garbage—not coal—is the fuel used to fire their boilers.
Landfill gas and biogas
● Bacteria and fungi are not picky eaters. They eat dead plants and animals,
causing them to rot or decay.
● A fungus on a rotting log is converting cellulose to sugars to feed itself.
● Although this process is slowed in a landfill, a substance called methane gas is
still produced as the waste decays.
● New regulations require landfills to collect methane gas for safety and
environmental reasons. Methane gas is colorless and odorless, but it is not
harmless.
● The gas can cause fire or explosions.
● Landfills can collect the methane gas, purify it, and use it as fuel.
● Methane can also be produced using energy from agricultural and human wastes.
● Biogas digesters are airtight containers or pits lined with steel or bricks. Waste put
into the containers is fermented without oxygen to produce
a methane-rich gas. This gas
can be used to produce
electricity, or for cooking
and lighting.
Biofuels
Rather than burning biomass as mentioned above,
these organic materials can be transformed into fuel
such as ethanol and biodiesel. Having supplied just
2.7% of the world’s fuel for transport in 2010, the
biofuels are estimated to have the capacity to meet
over 25% of global transportation fuel demand by
2050.
ethanol
*Ethanol is an alcohol fuel made by fermenting the sugars and starches found in
plants and then distilling them. Any organic material containing cellulose, or
starch , sugar can be made into ethanol.
*New technologies are producing ethanol from cellulose in woody fibers from
trees, grasses, and crop residues.
*Today nearly all of the gasoline sold in the U.S. contains around 10 percent
ethanol and is known as E10 .
*Fuel containing 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline (E85) qualifies as
an alternative fuel.
There are more than 10 million flexible fuel vehicles (FFV) on the road that can run efficiently on E85 or E10.
However, just under 10 percent of these vehicles use
E85 regularly.
biodiesel
Biodiesel is a fuel made by chemically reacting alcohol with vegetable oils, animal fats, or greases, such as recycled
restaurant grease. Most biodiesel today is made from soybean oil.
Biodiesel is most often blended with petroleum diesel in ratios of two percent (B2), five percent (B5), or 20 percent
(B20). It can also be used as neat (pure) biodiesel (B100).
Biodiesel fuels are compatible with and can be used in unmodified diesel engines with the existing fueling
infrastructure. It is one of the fastest growing transportation fuels in abroad.
Biodiesel contains virtually no sulfur, so it can reduce sulfur levels in the nation’s diesel fuel supply, even compared
with today’s low sulfur fuels. biodiesel is a superior lubricant and can reduce the friction of diesel fuel in blends of only
one or two percent.
advantages
● Renewable energy.
● Less garbage in landfill.
● It reduce the overreliance
of fossil fuel.
● The availability of
biofuel is universal.
● Biomass energy production
results in minimal
environmental impact.
disadvantages
● When combusted to produce energy , it contributes directly to global warming.
● Can lead to deforestation.
● Biomass plant requires lot of space.
● It is not entirely clean.
● Biofuel are not efficient as fossil fuels.
CONCLUSI
ON!

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