PHYSICS

TOPIC 02

FORCE AND MOTION – 1

UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA

SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT

Prof. Dr. Drs. Mangasi Alion Marpaung, M.Si.
FORCE and MOTION-1

These slides have been

adapted from

Halliday D.; Resnick R. and

Walker J. (2018).
Fundamentals Of
Physics ,Extended,
11th , John Wiley & SONS
Inc, New York, ISBN:
9781119306856

Chapter: 5, 6, 10 and 11
 Isaac Newton
Born: January 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe Manor House, United Kingdom
Died: March 31, 1727, Kensington, London, United Kingdom
3
 NEWTON LAW’S OF MOTION

Study of relation between force and

acceleration of a body:
Newtonian Mechanics.
 Newtonian Mechanics does not hold good for all
situations.
Examples:
1.Relativistic or near-relativistic motion
2.Motion of atomic-scale particles
Newtonian Mechanics does hold for:
1. Translational motion (sliding motion, or linear motion)
2. Rotational motion
3. Rolling motion ( combination of translation and rotation motion)
Newton’s First Law:

If no force acts on a body, the body’s

velocity cannot change;
that is, the body cannot accelerate.

If the body is at rest, it stays at rest. If it

is moving, it continues to
move with the same velocity (same
magnitude and same direction).
 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW FOR TRANSLATIONAL MOTION:

The net force on a body is equal to the product of

the body’s mass and its acceleration.
Fnet = ma.
a is a linear acceleration of the body and
m is the body’s mass
Fnet =  Fx i +  Fy j +  FZ k =m (ax i + ay j + az k )
The force that is exerted on a standard mass of 1 kg to
produce an acceleration of 1 m/s 2 has a magnitude of 1
newton (abbreviated N)
1 N =(1 kg)(1 m/s2) = 1 kg m/s2.
EXAMPLE 1:
Three focre act on an block (m = 2 kg) as shown in the figure below.
find the acceleration of the block if the surface is friction less

F3= 10 N
y
F1= 15 N

45O m 30O
x
30O

F2= 20 N
 solution

To analize this problem, we use the free body diagram and then
each force write in vector notation form.
y
F3= 10 N
N F1= 15 N
F3 sin 45o F1 sin 30o
F3 cos 45o 45O 30O
m F1 cos 30o
x
30 O

mg
F2= 20N
 Force in our daily life:

1. Weight force  W = mg, g ( g is gravity)

2. Normal force N is a reaction to the weight of the object that
putting on the surface

sin θ
N W
W cos θ
θ

W
W

N = W cosθ
N=W
 Example 2.: Forces within an elevator cab

In Figure below, a passenger of mass m =72.2 kg stands on a platform scale in an

elevator cab. We are concerned with the scale readings when the cab is
stationary and when it is moving up or down.
(a) Find a general solution for the scale reading, whatever the vertical motion of
the cab
(b) What does the scale read if the cab is stationary or moving upward at a
constant speed of 0.50 m/s?
(c) What does the scale read if the cab accelerates upward at 3.20 m/s 2 and
downward at 3.20 m/s2?
 Solution:
a).

FN = m(g + a)
b).For any constant velocity (zero or otherwise),
the acceleration a of the passenger is zero,
we find:
c). FN = mg= (72.2 kg)(9.8 m/s2 ) = 708 N.

c)
.For a 3.20 m/s2

F N = (72.2 kg)(9.8 m/s2 +3.20 m/s2 = 939 N,

For a = - 3.20 m/s2a 3.20 m/s2
FN = (72.2 kg)(9.8 m/s2 -3.20 m/s2 = 477 N
3, FRICTION FORCE

If we either slide or attempt to slide a body over a surface, the motion is resisted by a bonding
between the body and the surface. The resistance is considered to be a single force called either
the frictional force or simply friction. This force is directed along the surface, opposite the
direction of the intended motion. Sometimes, to simplify a situation, friction is assumed to be
negligible (the surface is friction less)
Frictional forces are unavoidable in our daily lives. If we were not able to
counter act them, they would stop every moving object and bring to a halt
every rotating shaft. About 20% of the gasoline used in an automobile is
needed to counteract friction in the engine and in the drive train. On the
other hand, if friction were totally absent, we could not get an automobile to
go anywhere, and we could not walk or ride a bicycle. We could not hold a
pencil, and, if we could, it would not write. Nails and screws would be
useless, woven cloth would fall apart, and knots would untie
 B. Friction between solid and fluid: Drug foce(D)

When there is a relative velocity between a fluid and a body (either

because the body moves through the fluid or because the fluid moves
past the body), the body experiences drag force (D) that opposes the
relative motion and points in the direction in which the fluid flows
relative to the body
D = ½ CρAv^2
, (mass per volume) and A is the effective
where 𝜌 is the fluid density
cross-sectional area of the body (the area of a cross section taken
perpendicular to the velocity v). The drag coefficient C (typical values
range from 0.4 to 1.0)
 Example 3:
Figure below shows a force of magnitude F = 12.0 N applied to an 8.00
kg block at a downward angle of θ = 30.0°. The coefficient of static
friction between block and floor is 𝜇 s = 0.700; the coefficient of
kinetic friction is 𝜇k = 0.400. Does the block begin to slide or does it
remain stationary? What is the magnitude of the frictional force on the
block?
 Example-4:

If a car’s wheels are “locked” (kept from rolling)during emergency

braking, the car slides along the road. Ripped-off bits of tire and
small melted sections of road form the “skid marks” that reveal that
cold-welding occurred during the slide. The record for the longest
skid marks on a public road was Reportedly set in 1960 by a Jaguar
on the M1 Highay in England – the marks were 290 m long!
Assuming that μk=0,6 and the car’s acceleration was constant during
the braking, how fast was the car going when the wheels become
locked.
 vo

Only kinetic friction force that act on the

car and deaccelerate the car until stop
 -fk = -k N= -k mg =maa= -k g
Equation of motion for constant acceleration

So v0 was at least 210 km/h.

 5. Tension of the rod (T)

T= W ( when the object Is at static )

object Is at static
Block

W = mg
mg
 5, Centripetal/centrifuge force .

Centrifuge force

Centripetal force

A car moves around a curved banked road at

constant speed v
 Example-5:

This problem is quite challenging in setting up but takes only a few lines of algebra to solve. We deal
with not only uniformly circular motion but also a ramp. However, we will not need a tilted
coordinate system as with other ramps. Instead we can take a freeze-frame of the motion and work
with simply horizontal and vertical axes. As always in this chapter, the starting point will be to apply
Newton’s second law, but that will require us to identify the force component that is responsible for
the uniform circular motion. Curved portions of highways are always banked (tilted) to prevent cars
from sliding off the highway. When a highway is dry, the frictional force between the tires and the
road surface may be enough to prevent sliding. When the highway is wet, however, the frictional force
may be negligible, and banking is then essential. Figure below represent a car of mass m as it moves
at a constant speed v of 20 m/s around a banked circular track of radius R = 190 m. (It is a normal
car, rather than a race car, which means that any vertical force from the passing air is negligible.) If
the frictional force from the track is negligible, what bank angle θ prevents sliding?
Newton second law of motion for Rotational motion
A judo hip throw (a)
correctly executed and (b)
incorrectly executed
 Torque calculation

a
Pivot point
a
R
R

Pivot point
(A) (B)
 Newton second law of motion for Rotational motion
= I 
I is rotational inertia,  is rotational acceleration and  is the net
torque that act on the object

The values of rotational inertia (I) depend on the position of rotational axis
I = Icom + Mh2 (parallel-axis theorem)
Table-1. Some rotational inertia
 Example 5:

Figure below shows an overhead view of a horizontal bar that is

rotated about the pivot point by two horizontal forces, F1 and F2,
with F2 at angle φ to the bar. Rank the following values of φ
according to the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the bar,
greatest first: 90°, 70°, and 110°.

Key idea b


a

If I and  are constan, how  changes with  ?

 Example 6:

Figure below shows an arrangement of 15 identical disks that have been glued
together in a rod-like shape of length L = 1.0000 m and (total) mass M = 100.0
mg. The disks are uniform, and the disk arrangement can rotate about a
perpendicular axis through its central disk at point O. (a) What is the rotational
inertia of the arrangement about that axis? (b) If we approximated the
arrangement as being a uniform rod of mass M and length L, what percentage
error would we make in using the formula in Table 1 e to calculate the
rotational inertia?
Key idea
THANK YOU
UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA