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Lecture 4

about Aviation

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4 views26 pages

Lecture 4

about Aviation

Uploaded by

minhalgallian12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wild Life On The Ground

 The hazard to the safe flight of aircraft from other wildlife is


usually considered under this category. Airport Risk
Assessment and control of bird hazards is usually carried out
within the wider context of wildlife hazards.
 As with Birds, most animals quickly adapt to the normal
noise and activity conditions of a chosen habitat and have no
innate fear of aircraft or vehicles on airports.
Wild Life On The Ground
 In Rural and urban areas, it is not uncommon for animals to
wander onto the runway.
PET CARGO
 The Cargo area itself is climate controlled just like the
passenger cabin above.
 Airlines that are not “Pet Friendly” take all of their cargo to
the plane at one time. Animals often end up waiting on the
tarmac while the cargo is loaded or unloaded.
 All Pets are kept in a climate-controlled area of the airline’s
cargo offices until all of the people and luggage have been
loaded on the plane.
PET CARGO
PET CARGO
Class Discussion
 Is PET CARGO hold cabin pressurized or not ?

 How we can get our Pets safely travelled ?

 Describe main reasons why and how our animals can die
on board?
Bird Strike
 Collision between and airborne animal (usually a bird or
bat) and a manmade vehicle, especially and aircraft is
called bird strike.
 Aircraft have reduced airspeeds and altitudes during takeoffs
and landings, they are more at risk to bird strike damage.
Over 93% of all bird strikes reported occur below 2000 feet
above the ground level.
Bird Strike
Reasons of Birds Activity
 Landfills near airports increase greatly the risk of possible
bird strikes.
 Long or Short grass on airport land.
 Bushes and Tree near Airport.
 Airport in Urban area.
Landfills
Long Grass
Bushes & Trees
Airport in Urban Area
First Bird Strike
 First Bird strike was reported in 1912, In the united states,
the bird was a seagull.
 The threat of bird strikes became serious in 1950, when high
speed aircraft started to fly.
 The FAA currently considers a large bird to weight more
then four pounds, and engine of the aircraft has to be
shutdown in case the birds hits the engine.
Bird Hit Damages
 A majority of Birds Strikes during the day, about 25% occur
during the night.
 Bird Can be seen at altitudes from 7,000 Feet to 20,000 Feet.
 Bird Strikes have also been reported at 37,000 to 54,000
Feet.
How to Minimize Birds Strike
 There are Three General ways to minimize airplane bird
strikes

1: Modifying the birds Habitat

2: Controlling the Birds

3: Modifying Aircrafts behavior.


Modifying the birds Habitat
 Removing Seed bearing plants to eliminate food sources
 Using insecticides or pesticides to eliminate food sources for
insect-eating birds
 Covering nearby ponds with netting to prevent birds from
landing.
 Removing Brush and trees that serve as attractive nesting
sites
 Keeping grass mowed short so it is not as suitable for bird
shelter.
Controlling the Birds
 Using sonic cannons, recorded predator calls and other noise
generators to disrupt birds.
 Using lasers at dawn and dusk to simulate predators and
scare birds away.
 Flying trained falcons over roosting areas to disrupt birds
before they nest.
 Training dogs to track through the habitat and teach birds
that the area has many predators.
Modifying Aircrafts Behavior
 Training spotters with binoculars and scopes to pinpoint
hazardous birds areas and directing planes to different
runways or approaches
 Using radar equipment to track the movement and density of
bird flocks to predict their behavior and manage control
techniques more effectively.
 Adjusting flight times to avoid the busiest hours for bird
activity, such as early morning and late evening or during
peak migration periods.
Action Taken after Bird Strike
 Ascertain extent of damage & Control of Aircraft.
 If significant damages, visible or suspected then maintain
height.
 Check controls for free movements.
 Find out new stalling speed/ Min controllable speed.
 Check controllability at normal approach speed and call to
ATC of Bird strike and come for land/go around.
Communication Audio
 Discussion between pilot and Controller after bird strike.
 Track 22
 Track 23
 Track 24
Language development on this
topic
Bird Scarer, CCTV cameras, Metal Detectors, Perimeter fence, Poison, Police unit,
Security worker, Sensor ,Sniffer Dog, Traps.

1: A_____ is a used in airports to detect illegal items in people’s luggage.

2: Every person boarding a flight must walk through____

3: A_____ is a piece of equipment that reacts to physical changes such as heat, light or
movement.

4:___ are sometimes used for catching animals near a runway.

5: A ____’s job is to protect a building and / or its surroundings.

6: A ____ is a strcture made of wire that surrounds an airport for security.

7: ____ are placed around an airport to monitor what is happening.

8: A ____’s role is to frighten birds from the aerodrome airspace.

9: ____ is often used to kill animals or birds found near a runway.

10: Some airports have their own ____ to deal with any crimes on location.
Assignment
 What is Ultra light category of aircraft and how many we
have in Pakistan?
 Write down any two ultra light category aircraft’s
specifications.

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