VM ware

Chapter – 2

Installing exsi host

 2.INSTALLING ESXi HOST
2.1 Pre Check before installation of ESXi (Configuring ILO )

Inventory Panel

Steps-1
 Go to Inventory panel.
 Click on Administration tab
 Then Create Secondary user login account (In case you forgot or primary user account details are erased)
 Then Update ILO License key.
 Then click on Network tab
 Then click on SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) – Select Time Zone
 Then Click on IVP4 (Internet Protocol version 4) – Here we can change the IP address of ILO or we can keep
as it is if not required.
 Then click on General
 Then enter Host Name( It is compulsory) like USAFLDMRTESX001 (USA is Country, FL is Florida (City),
DMRT is D-Mart client, ESX001 is VM )
Jump Server / Tool server: To perform client operation remotely from anywhere.
STEP-2

2.2 Preparation of Server/Hardware

To check weather all the drives are working or not. There are two types of tests.
 Insight diagnostic test
 Firmware updates
To do this test there are some parameters required. We call it as SPP (Service Pack for ProLiant)
SPP – It’s image file containing Set of Drives.
HP releases SPP twice every year on April/May and Sep/Oct.
1. Insight Diagnostic Test

 Go to Inventory panel of ILO

 Click on Remote Console – To launch the console. Java and .Net will appear to run the console.
 Click on any one of them.
 Console will open.
 Click on Virtual Drives – On these we have to mount the SPP Image files (CD-ROM/DVD)
which we have downloaded.
 Click on Power Switch then click on Momentary Press. To Run the test.
 Then press F11
 Then select ILO Virtual USB option coming at last.
 Then Press Enter.
 Then 2 options will come.
 o Interactive Firmware: To interact with the console.
o Automatic Firmware
 Click on Interactive
 Then select language and click on Accept Terms and Conditions.
 Then Insight Diagnostic will come.
 Then click on Test tab.
 Then click Tick mark which we require. Select Stop on first error and Select All Devices.
 Mention number of Loop (Loop is make repeat the test) required.
 Click on Enter Testing.
 If errors are coming Trouble Shoot the drives.
 If errors are not coming. Then exit Diagnostic.
Hardware Logs: To check who has logged the server at what time and left at what time.
2. Firmware Update (Software Update): Updating the drivers of hardware is called Firmware update.
In order to increase performance of VMs and Hardware.
 Go to Inventory panel of ILO.
 Click on Remote Console – To launch the console. Java and .Net will appear to run the console.
 Click on any one of them.
 Console will open.
 Click on Virtual Drives – On these we have to mount the SPP Image files (CD-ROM/DVD)
which we have downloaded.
 Click on Power Switch then click on Momentary Press. To Run the test.
  Then select ILO Virtual USB option coming at last.
 Then Press Enter.
 Then 2 options will come.
o Interactive Firmware: To interact with the console.
o Automatic Firmware
 Click on Interactive
 Then select language and click on Accept Terms and Conditions.
 Click on Firmware Update.
 3 steps will appear
o Step 1: It shows how many drives need to be updated. Then click on Next.
o Step 2: At this stage it gives the Suggested Components and Selected Components
to be updated. Then click on Deploy to perform the update.
o Step 3: At this stage check and click on Reboot.
 And press F9.

Installation Of ESXi
To install ESXi first we need to download Image file of ESXi from VMware site.
 Login to ILO.
 Go to Inventory panel of ILO.
 Click on Remote Console – To launch the console. Java and .Net will appear to run the console.
 Click on any one of them.
 Console will open.
  Click on Virtual Drives – On these we have to mount the ESXi Image files (CD- ROM/DVD) which we have
downloaded.
 Click on Power Switch then click on Momentary Press. To Run the test.
 Then press F11
 Then select ILO Virtual USB option coming at last.
 Then Press Enter to continue.
 Then press F11 to Accept and Continue VMware End User License Agreement.
 Then select 279 GB Storage and click on Install.
 Select Keyboard Layout (Language) i.e. US Default and press Enter.
 The default Login will be Root.
 Enter required Password and Press Enter.
 Then press F11 to install ESXi.
 Once installation is completed Unmount the installation disc (Remove the installation disc before Reboot) before Reboot.
 Then Press Enter.

2.4 ILO is only used to access the Hardware.

Until 6.0 the VMs can be accessed by 3 tools.

1. Vsphere Client (Tool Access)

GUI (Graphical User Interface)
2. Web client (Web Access)
3. Putty (Tool Access) CLI (Command Line Interface)

In very rare cases we use Putty when Vsphere and Web client are not working.
By all these tools we can Create and Manage VMs. Through we can manage and control both
Hardware and OS.
From 6.5 onwards VMs can be assessed by 2 tools.
1. Web Client
2. Putty
2.5 Creating Virtual Machines
 Install Workstation.
 Open Workstation
 Click on Create New Virtual Machine. Then 2 option will come to choose
o Typical
o Custom
 Select Typical
 Next there will be options to choose that I will install OS (ESXi) Later or Include OS at that time only.
 Select VMware ESXi
 Name the Hardware
 Select Folder Path to save the files of VM.
 Enter Storage
 Click on Finish
 Click on Created VMs if OS is not installed. Install the ESXi OS.
Cursor
 To work on VMs Double Click on the Gray and Yellow Screen.
 If you want Cursor to come out press Ctrl+Alt. Cursor will come out.
2.6 Login to VMs
 Click on the created VM and Power On/Run the VM.
 The VM will reboot for some time.
 After reboot Gary and Yellow Screen will appear.
 Press F2 at that time to login.
 For some Laptops we have to press Fn+F2.
 By default Root will be User Login. Enter the password which you have entered while installing the OS.
 On LHS different options will come.
 Click Enter on Configure Management Network
o Network Adapter: In we have to make sure that all Adapters are connected. To connect or disconnect Press Space Bar.
o VLAN (Optional)
o IP Configuration: To access the particular OS and VMs
Make sure IP is Static not dynamic. Because if IP is Dynamic whenever ESXI boots the IP changes. So need to
choose Static. By choosing this we are giving permanent IP to the VM. Whenever it boots same IP will be assigned to
VM.
o IPV6: Make it Disable.
o DNS (Domain Naming System): In this we can change the IP of VM and Host Name.
o Suffixes: Domain Suffix can be given like .com, .in etc.
 After all changes Press Escape (ESC) and Save Changes and Reboot.
 Then click on Troubleshooting Option
o Enable ESXi shell
 By default it will be Disable. Make it Enable by pressing Enter.
o SSH (Secured Shell) Enable
 This should be Enable so that we can use Putty.
  To enable SSH through Vcenter.
o Open Vcenter.
o Click on Host.
o Click on Configure.
o Go to Security Profile and click.
o Click Edit.
o Tick Mark SSH Server.
o Click Ok.
o SSH is Enabled

For full screen CTRL+ALT+Enter

2.7 Installing Vsphere Client
 Install Vsphere client.
 Open Vsphere Client
 Enter Credentials like VM IP Address, Login ID and Password.
 Press Enter.
Note: After installing Workstation and Vsphere client make sure that Virtualization is enabled in system. We have to enable
Virtualization because if it is disable we can’t run Vsphere client.
To enable Virtualization follow these steps
 Restart or Power on your Laptop/Desktop.
 When it reboot Press F2 for BIOS menu.
 Go to Advanced Tab.
 Below Virtualization will be there make it Enable by pressing Enter if it is Disable.
Request from Clients to create VMs
 Whenever the client requires new VM he will place a request through Email to Service Desk.
 Then the Service Desk will raise a Ticket (Request Number will be given) and redirect to the
VM Admins to carry forward further.
 Then VM Admins will acknowledge a mail to client saying that your request is being proceeded and also attaching a
document SRF (Service Request Form).
 SRF: It is a excel sheet containing all required VM configuration to deploy VM.
 Once the client sends SRF by filling all required VM configuration then we can proceed
building VMs.
Creating VMs through Vsphere Client
 Open Vsphere client (For accessing the ESXi Host)
 Login to Vsphere client by IP address, User ID and Password.
 Once login completed.
 Click an Administrator.
 Window will open with ESXi host.
 Right click on the Host.
 Click on Create New Virtual Machine. 2 options will come.
o Typical
o Custom
 Click on Custom.
 Give VM Name.
 Click on Next.
 Select Storage for Data storage.
  Give Number of CPUs.
 Select Memory to Store.
 Creating Disk- 20GB.
 Click on Finish.
 After that a Blank VM is created without any OS.

Installing OS in VM
 Right click on VM.
 Click on Edit Settings.
 Go to CD/DVD option and click on it.
 Choose option Data store ISO file.
 Browse file and mount Server ISO image file.
 Then press Enter.
 Click on Host.
 Go to Configuration Tab.
 Click on Storage.
 Then Right Click on Storage.
 Then Browse file of OS.
 Upload file to Data Store (DS).
 Then click on Import File (Image file of OS).
 After these steps the OS will start installing.
 To check OS is installing or not Right Click on VM and Click on Open Console.
Removing VMs
 To remove VM first the VM must be Power Off.
 Right click and Click on Delete from Disk.
 Then VM will be removed.
Note
 ESXi is providing only CPU and RAM.
 Data Store: It stores the Data of the VMs and it is present in Data Center
Step-3
2.10 Post Checks
Note: Disk volume can be Increased, New Disk can be Created, Disk can be remover but Disk volume can’t be Decreased.
1. Need to bring Disk online.
a. Adding Additional Disk.
i. Right Click on Created VM
ii. Click on Edit Setting.
iii.Click on Hard disk Option.
iv. Then click on Add
v. Then click on Create New Hard Disk
vi.Then click on Thin Provision
vii.Then click OK.
viii.But still the New Disk is not added to the VM.
ix.To make the Disk online Open console.
 x. Search Computer Management and open it.
xi. Then go to Disk Management.
xii. There we can see the Created Disk in Black (Which says that the space is not allocated)
xiii. Right click on the Created Disk.
xiv. Then click on Initialize Disk.
xv. After Initializing Disk.
xvi. After that Disk will be Online.
xvii.Next Right click on the Disk.
xviii. Select New Simple Volume
xix. Enter required details and click on finish.
xx. Then New Disk will be created in the VM.
b. Extension Of Disk
i. Right Click on Created VM
ii. Click on Edit Setting.
iii. Click on Hard disk Option.
iv. Extend the Hard Disk volume of VM.
v. Then Click on OK.
vi. But still the new Disk is not added to the VM.
vii. To make the volume online Open console.
viii.Search Computer Management and open it.
ix. Then go to Disk Management.
x. Then Click on Action Tab.
xi. Then Click on Refresh.
xii. Then the Added Disk Volume will appear.
xiii. Go to the Disk where we have added the extra volume. Right click on it.
xiv. Then click on Extend Volume. Then click Next.
xv. Click on Finish and then the New volume will be Added.
c. Removing the Disk
i. Right Click on Created VM
ii. Click on Edit Setting.
iii. Click on the Disk which needs to be removed.
iv. Then Click on Remove Button.
v. 2 option will come.
1) Remove from VM
2) Remove from VM and Delete Files from Disk.
vi. Choose any option and Click on OK.
2. The Disk will be Permanently Deleted. Assigning an IP to VM (IP is assigned so that Client/Customer can access the VM)
a. On VM.
b. Search ncpa.cpl
c. Network Adapter will appear.
d. Right click on it.
e. Then click on Properties.
f. Select IPV4 option
g. Then click on Properties.
h. Then select Static IP.
i. Then enter the IP address which are mentioned in SRF(Server Request Form)
j. Then Press OK.
2. Add VM to Domain (This has to be done so that client can access the VM from anywhere through Remote Desktop
Connection (RDC)).
 By this we can give the Access to the particular persons in the organization
 By this we can restrict the user Access
a. On VM.
b. Search dsa.msc
c. Click on Corp Local
d. Go to Computer.
e. Right Click on it.
f. Click on Create New Computer.
4. Right Click on Disk PC/My Computer/Computer
a. Click on Properties.
b. Then Click on Change Settings
c. Then click on Change
d. Select Domain. Enter Domain. Ex: Google.com
e. Change the VM Name ( Make sure that both VM Name and Computer Name are same)
f. Then Click OK.
g. And VM will Reboot.
5. After performing all the steps VM is ready for the client use and we can deliver the VM to Client.
6. If the client want any application to be installed on VM. Then we have to reach the
Application Department Team and telling that client require Application to be installed in VM. After applications are installed
we can deliver VM to client.
All the process can be performed only when the VM is Power On.
To Extend or Decrease CPU and RAM/Memory the VM has to be Power Off. Without Power Off CPU and RAM can’t be
extended or decreased.
Note:
 CPU and RAM are Hardware Resources can be Increased or Decreased.
 Storage is a Datastore – Hard Disk which can’t be Decreased only can be Increased.
2.11 How to mount an ISO Image and Applications to VM
There are 3 ways.
Host Device: In this case the client asks us to install ISO Image or Application which are with him. We ask the client to copy the ISO
Image file in Pen Drive/CD and tell him to insert the Pen Drive to the USB ports of the Virtual Machine or Insert the CD in CD Drive of
the Virtual Machine. When This steps are done then we Login to VM and install the ISO Image file or Application.
 Right click on VM
 Click on Edit Settings
 Click on CD/DVD
 Then click on Host Device and Upload the ISO Image file/Application
Client Device: Local Device (Own Laptop) containing the ISO Image file/Applications which are need to be installed in VM. Client
Device will only work when the VM is Power ON.
 Right click on VM
 Click on Edit Settings
 Click on CD/DVD
 Then click on Client Device and Upload the ISO Image file/Application
Data Store ISO File:
 Right click on VM
 Click on Edit Settings
 Click on CD/DVD
 Then click on Data Store ISO File and Upload the ISO Image file/Application
2.12 How the Data is stored in VM.
VM data will always be saved in File State only. There are different types of Virtual Machines Files when VM is created.
1. VM Name.vmx - Containing Virtual Machine Configuration File( Base Files/Main Files of VM (Details like Number of CPUs,
Hard Disk, Memory etc.))
2. VM Name.vmxf – Descriptor File(Provides Teaming assistance to Base file)
3. VM Name.vmdk – Contains VM Hard Disk Files.
4. Flat.vmdk – Whenever Read/Write Operations are performed on VM Disk level all files are saved in this file.
5. VM Name.vmss – Contains Suspended State file whenever the VM is suspended. This file will automatically create when
VM is suspended and automatically removed when VM is Power ON.
6. VM Name.nvram – Contains BIOS file.
7. VM Name.vmsn – Contains Memory Snapshot Files.
8. VM Name.vmsd – Contains Data Snapshot Files
9. Delta.vmdk – Contains Snapshot Background/Mother File.
10.VMware.log – Contains the data of Users Login and Logout details and what work has been performed.
11.VM Name.vswap – Contains Virtual Memory Files.
12.VM Name.vmtx – Contains VM Templates files.
By default when VM is created these files are created. They are
 .vmx
 .vmxf
 .vmdk
 Flat.vmdk
 .nvram
 VMware.log
 .vswap
How to Check File of VM
 Click on VM whose files need to be viewed.
 Click on Datastore tab.
 Right click on the Datastore.
 Click on Browse files.
 Then we can view the Files of VM.
2.14 Can CPU and RAM/Memory increased when VM is Power On
 This can be done when CPU and RAM/Memory Hot Plug is enabled.
 To enable Hot Plug first we should Power Off VM.
 Right Click on VM.
 Click on Edit Setting.
 Click on CPU
 Extend it and Enable CPU Hot Plug.
 Then click on RAM/Memory
 Extend it and Enable RAM/Memory Hot Plug.
 Then Click Ok.
 After that Power On the VM.
 And we can Increase/Decrease CPU and RAM/Memory even the VM is Power On/Online
Note:
 According to VMware Increase/Drecrease CPU and RAM/Memory when VM is Power Off is good for better Performance
of VM. Increase/Drecrease CPU and RAM/Memory is Offline Activity because it requires Down Time.
 Whereas Hard disk can be Added, Extended or Removed while the VM is Power On because it does not require any
Down Time for doing this activities.
.