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Introduction - Random Variable

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MA Remoroza, Gillian F
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13 views23 pages

Introduction - Random Variable

Uploaded by

MA Remoroza, Gillian F
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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S TAT I S T I C S A N D P R O B A B I L I T Y

RANDOM
VARIABLE
P R E S E N T E D B Y G IL L IA N F. R E M O R O Z A
RANDOM VARIABLE
A random variable is a function that associates a real
number with each element in the sample space. It is a
variable whose values are determined by chance.
Thus, in dimple words, RANDOM VARIABLE is a
numerical quantity that is derived from the outcomes
of a random experiment.
Example of Random Variables
a. In the experiment of tossing a coin, the number
of times the coin turns up a head is an example of
random variables.
b. Suppose two dice are rolled. The sum of the two
numbers that face up is an example of random
Steps on how to find the value of the random variables on any
event or experiment

1. Assign letters that will represent each


outcome.
2. Determine the sample space (ALL POSSIBLE
OUTCOMES)
3. Count the number of the random variable.
Example 1:
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let X be
the random variable representing the number
of heads that will occur. Find the values of
the random variables X.
So the possible values of random variable X are 0, 1,
2 and 3. we can also say x=
Example 2:

Suppose there are 2 people to be tested in Covid-


19. Let X be the random variable representing the
number of infected person that occur. Find the
values of the random variable X.
The value of random variable X=
2 TYPES OF RANDOM VARIABLES

DISCRETE RANDOM
It can only take a finite (countable) number of
VARIABLES
distinct values. The values are exact and can be
represented by nonnegative whole numbers.
CONTINUOUS
ItVARIABLES
can assume an infinite number of values in an
interval between two specific values. They can
assume values that can be presented not only by
nonnegative whole number but also fraction and
decimals and are often results of measurement.
Solution
a. Number of patients per day at Hospital of
Muntinlupa
b. Temperature of the covid-19 patients
c. The number of male athletes
d. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
e. The number of deaths infected by covid-19 in
Muntinlupa.
S TAT I S T I C S A N D P R O B A B I L I T Y

Thank
You!
PRESENTED BY GILLIAN REMOROZA
S TAT I S T I C S A N D P R O B A B I L I T Y

RANDOM
VARIABLE
P R E S E N T E D B Y G IL L IA N F. R E M O R O Z A
PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
1. The probability of each value of a discrete
random variable is between 0 and 1 inclusive. .
2. The sum of a all probabilities is 1.
Example 1:

a. Determine whether the distribution is a discrete


probability distribution.
x 2 4 6
P(x) 1/2 3/4 -1/4
PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
1. The probability of each value of a discrete
random variable is between 0 and 1 inclusive. .
2. The sum of a all probabilities is 1.
Example 2:

b. Determine whether the distribution is a discrete


probability distribution.
x 5 10 15 20
P(x) 1/8 3/8 1/2 0
Example 3:
a random variable X has the following
probability distribution.
x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.06 0.23 0.35 0.05
a. Find p(2) b. Find P()
c. Find P() d. Find
Example 2:
S TAT I S T I C S A N D P R O B A B I L I T Y

MASS FUNCTION OF A
DISCRETE RANDOM
VARIABLE
P R E S E N T E D B Y G IL L IA N F. R E M O R O Z A
PROBABILITY MASS FUNCTION
(PMF)
A probability distribution describes the probability of each specific value
in a random variable. The probability distribution of a discrete random
variable is called a probability mass function (pmf). The pmf of x is
denoted by
PROPERTIES OF PMF
a. For every element x in the Support S, all the probabilities must be
positive..

b. The sum of all the possibilities for all possible x values in the Support
must be equal to 1.
Example 1:
Suppose a random variable X can only take the four values
(0, 1, 2 and 3). If each has equal probability, what is its pmf
If x=0; f(x)= and its support?
If x=1; f(x)=
If x=2; f(x)=
If x=3; f(x)=
Otherwise; f(x) = 0 𝑆= { 0 , 1 ,2 , 3 }
Example 2:
Let for Find the value of so that satisfies the two properties f
being a probability mass function.
𝒇 (𝒙)≥ 𝟎
∑ 𝒇
𝑘 (1 ) + 𝑘 ( 2 ) + 𝑘 ( 3 ) + 𝑘 ( 4 ) =1
( 𝒙 ) =𝟏
𝑘 +2 𝑘 +3 𝑘 +3 𝑘=1
10 𝑘 1 𝟏
= 𝒌=
10 10 𝟏𝟎
Example 2:
Let for Find the value of so that satisfies the two properties f
being a probability mass function.

𝟏
𝒌=
𝟏𝟎
S TAT I S T I C S A N D P R O B A B I L I T Y

Thank
You!
PRESENTED BY GILLIAN REMOROZA
S TAT I S T I C S A N D P R O B A B I L I T Y

MEAN AND VARIANCE OF


DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
P R E S E N T E D B Y G IL L IA N F. R E M O R O Z A
MEAN AND VARIANCE OF DISCTERE
RANDOM VARIABLE
The mean of a discrete random variable is also called the expected value
of X. It is the weighted average of all the value that the random variable X
would assume in the long run. The discrete random variable X assumes
values or outcomes in every trial of an experiment with their
corresponding probabilities. The expected value of X is the average of the
outcomes that is likely to be obtained if the trials are repeated over and

𝐸 ( 𝑋 )=∑ [ 𝑥𝑃 (𝑥)𝜎] =∑ [ 𝑥 𝑃(𝑥)] − (∑ [ 𝑥𝑃 ( 𝑥 ) ] )


over again. The expected value of X 2is denoted2 by E(X). 2
MEAN AND VARIANCE OF DISCTERE
RANDOM VARIABLE
𝐸 ( 𝑋 )=∑ [ 𝑥𝑃 (𝑥)𝜎] =∑ [ 𝑥 𝑃(𝑥)] − (∑ [ 𝑥𝑃 ( 𝑥 ) ] )
2 2 2
MEAN AND VARIANCE OF DISCTERE
RANDOM VARIABLE
∑ [ ] ∑
2
𝐸 ( 𝑋 )=∑ [ 𝑥𝑃 (𝑥)]
𝜎 = 𝑥2
𝑃(𝑥) 2
− ( [ 𝑥𝑃 ( 𝑥 ) ])

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