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Aspects of Connected Speech 968

This document summarizes aspects of connected speech in English, including rhythm, assimilation, elision, and linking. It discusses stress-timed rhythm and rhythm units in English. It defines and provides examples of regressive, progressive, and place, manner, and voice assimilation. It defines elision as the disappearance of sounds in rapid speech and provides examples of consonant and vowel elision. It also discusses linking identical consonants and intrusive /r/ between words.

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Đinh Thế Trung
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191 views25 pages

Aspects of Connected Speech 968

This document summarizes aspects of connected speech in English, including rhythm, assimilation, elision, and linking. It discusses stress-timed rhythm and rhythm units in English. It defines and provides examples of regressive, progressive, and place, manner, and voice assimilation. It defines elision as the disappearance of sounds in rapid speech and provides examples of consonant and vowel elision. It also discusses linking identical consonants and intrusive /r/ between words.

Uploaded by

Đinh Thế Trung
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aspects of connected speech

Rhythm
Syllable-timed rhythm Stressed-timed rhythm

Rhythm
Definition: Stress-timed rhythm is speech rhythm in which the stressed syllable are said to recur at equal intervals of time. Eg. One day last week I went for a walk in the country.

Rhythm
Rhythm unit / foot: from a stressed syllable up to the following stressed syllable

Rhythm
Eg. ||Yes/ter/day I |saw/ him /in /the
|ci/ne/ma||.

Assimilation
Definition. Types of assimilation Rules of assimilation

Assimilation
Definition: (1) When a speech sound changes and become more like another sound which follows it or precedes it, this is called assimilation.

Assimilation
Definition: (2) In connected speech, adjacent sounds frequently influence each other so that they become more alike, or assimilate. This is called assimilation.

Types of assimilation
Regressive / anticipatory: Eg. White coat : /t/ /k/ Progressive: Eg. Books : / s / dogs : /z/

Rules of assimilation
Assimilation of place Assimilation of manner Assimilation of voice

Assimilation of place
Final alveolar/t/ + becomes bilabial /p/ before bilabials: eg. That man : /t/ /p/ Light blue : /t/ /p/ + becomes dental before dentals eg. Get there: /t/ dentalised + becomes velar /k/ before velars eg. That car : /t/ /k/ that girl : /t/ /k/

Assimilation of place
Final alveolar/d/ + becomes bilabial /b/ before bilabials eg. Good morning : /d/ /b/ + becomes dental before dentals eg. Dead thief : /d/ dentalised + becomes velar /g/ before velars eg. Bad cold : /d/ in bad /g/

Assimilation of place
Final alveolar /n/: + becomes bilabial /m/ before bilabials eg. Ten bags : /n/ /m/ + becomes dental before dentals eg. Main thing : /n/ /m/ + becomes velar // before dentals eg. Ten cars : /n/ / /

Assimilation of place
Final alveolar /s/ becomes // and /z/ becomes // before // or /j/ eg. This shop : /s/ these years : /z/

Assimilation of manner

Final plosive becomes a fricative or a nasal eg. That song : /t/ /s/ bad news : /d/ /n/

Assimilation of voice
Final voiced consonants have no voicing when followed by initial voiceless consonants. Eg. /v/ in have /f/ in have to /z/ in has /s/ in has to

Elision
Definition Types of elision

Elision

Definition: elision is the leaving out / disappearance of sounds or sounds in rapid speech.

Types of elision
Disappearance of consonant Disappearance of vowel

Disappearance of consonant
Disappearance of final /t/ in the cluster/st/ before an initial stop, nasal or fricative eg. best dish : /t/ disappears best friend : /t/ disappears first night : /t/ in first disappears west side : /t/ disappears

Disappearance of consonant
Disappearance of final /d/ in cluster /md/ or /nd/ before an initial weak stop or nasal eg. Blind man : /d/ disappears It seemed good : /d/ in seemed disappears

Disappearance of consonant
Avoidance of complex consonant clusters: + In clusters with 3 plosives or 2 plosive + 1 fricative, the middle plosives disappears Eg. Acts : /t/ disappears looked back : /t/ disappears + final consonant cluster of a word disappears if it is identical to initial cluster of the following. Eg. Next street : /st/ in /nekst/ disappears

Disappearance of consonant
Disappearance of /v/ in of before consonants: Eg. Full of children : /v/ in of disappears waste of money : /v/ in of disappears

Disappearance of vowel
Disappearance of weak vowel after /p,t,k/: Eg. Potato : / / disappears today : / / disappears

Linking
Linking identical consonants Eg. This side : identical /s/ bad day : identical /d/ Linking /r/ before initial vowels Eg. Here are four eggs /r/ in here and four pronounced Intrusive /r/ eg. Law and order: /r/ pronounced after law

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