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Deareator Training Topic OCT 2022

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84 views17 pages

Deareator Training Topic OCT 2022

Uploaded by

mizharmuisst
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Feedback power operation and maintenance

Site: 2*15 MW Kariangau power , Indonesia.

Training program
OCT 2022
by
Operation Team

Subject: DEAREATOR
Deaerators
Deareator is commonly employed in any chemical process
industry or in Power Plants wherever boiler is utilized for
steam production from boiler feed water. Deareators solves
the aim of removal of unwanted dissolved gases and
dissolved oxygen from the boiler feed water before going
in boilers. Most of the Deareators are designed in such how
that the dissolved oxygen content within the outlet water is
regarding 7 ppb by wt%.
Deaerators
Principle of Dearators
Deareator commonly works based on the subsequent principles.
Henry’s Law
According to Henry’s law liquid and gas solubility is directly proportional to the
partial pressure. thus if we tend to decrease the partial pressure of the dissolved
gas by adding steam in Deareator, its solubility decreases and also the gas is
faraway from water.

Inverse Solubility of Water


When the temperature of water is growing, the dissolved oxygen content within
the water is decreases. Thus the water temp. is growing by inserting steam in
Deaerator, the dissolved gas solubility is reduced and also the gases are
withdrawal from water.
Deaerators

What is Deaeration?
The process through which the dissolved corrosive gases are
removed from the Boiler Feed water is called Deaeration. The
equipment, which is used in this method, is called Deaerator.
Deaerators
The necessity of deaeration :
Deaeration is needed to control the corrosion processes in the
downstream system. In water, the presence of dissolved gases,
particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, causes accelerated corrosion.
Oxygen is the most violent. The elimination of oxygen cannot be
ignored. Even little concentrations of oxygen gas cause serious
corrosion and pitting problems. The primary function of the
deaeration and deaerator is to prevent this corrosion by removing the
dissolved gases from all sources of water entering the downstream
system such as lines, piping, especially boilers, condensate lines, etc.
Types of Deaerators

1. Tray type Deaerator

2. Spray type Deaerator


Types of Deaerators
1. Tray type Deaerator
Tray type Deareators contain perforated
trays within the top of the Deaeration
section. The bottom portion volume is
high for used as storage for boiler feed
water. Feed water to Deareator enters into
the perforated trays wherever the area
and residence time is growing to contact
with steam. Then the water goes to the
horizontal storage section wherever steam is pass through sparger pipe to withdrawn the
remaining traces of dissolved gases and keep the stored water at its saturation temperature..
Types of Deaerators
2. Spray type Deaerator
Spray Deareator type Deareator contains spray nozzle in feed water entry
space. it’s then preheated and deaerated and sent to storage section. In storage
section also steam is additional to stay the water at its saturation temperature.
Process control system in Deaerator
Deaerator operate in very low pressure steam about 0.5 to 1.5 kg/cm2 with can
produce in process plant. The low steam sources could also be anyone of the
following: Extraction from back pressure turbines, Flash steam recovered from
Boiler blow down or letdown steam from high pressure steam header through
pressure reducing valve. Steam pressure within the Deaerator should be
maintained to facilitate the removal of dissolved gases from water and also to
produce adequate NPSH to boiler feed pump. Deareators are commonly put in at
high elevation so as to produce enough NPSH within the event of failure in steam
pressure control conjointly. Pressure safety valve is additionally fitted to avoid
pressurization of Deaerator because of malfunctioning of pressure control valve.
Process control system in Deaerator
Water Level control
Main sources of raw water to Deaerator are Treated water from water treatment
plant and steam condensate from the condensing type turbines. During the stable
plant operation the water balance is maintained and through any upset within the
higher than said sources water level fluctuates and control is important. High
level and low level alarms are provided. Low level might lead to starvation of
feed water in pump and High level leads to water entry into steam header. Thus
overflow drain is put in to drain the water if very high level is reached.
Water Level control
Deaerator Steam Consumption
The deaerator steam consumption is equal to the steam required to heat
incoming water to its saturation temperature, plus the amount vented with
the non condensable gases, less any flashed steam from hot condensate or
steam losses through failed traps. The heat balance calculation is made with
the incoming water at its lowest expected temperature. The vent rate is a
function of deaerator type, size (rated feed water capacity), and the amount
of makeup water. The operating vent rate is at its maximum with the
introduction of cold, oxygen-rich makeup water.
Deaerators
Additional Benefits :
Deaerators provide the water storage capacity and the net positive suction head
necessary at the boiler feed pump inlet. Returned condensate is mixed with
makeup water within the deaerator. Operating temperatures range from 100° to
more than 350°F, which reduces the thermal shock on downstream preheating
equipment and the boiler.

Insulation :
The deaerator section and storage tank and all piping conveying hot water or
steam should be adequately insulated to prevent the condensation of steam and
loss of heat.
Deaerators
Function Clarification :
The deaerator is designed to remove oxygen that is dissolved in the entering
water, not entrained air. Sources of “free air” include loose piping connections on
the suction side of pumps and improper pump packing.

Pressure Fluctuations :
Sudden increases in free or “flash” steam can cause a spike in deaerator vessel
pressure, resulting in re-oxygenation of the feed water. A dedicated pressure-
regulating valve should be provided to maintain the deaerator at a constant
pressure.

………………
THANKS

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