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Daksh Soil

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28 views8 pages

Daksh Soil

Uploaded by

vidhanparmar511
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biofertilizers

 Defination:- A biofertilizer is a
substance which contains living
micro-organisms which, when applied
to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil,
colonize the rhizosphere or the interior
of the plant and promotes growth by
increasing the supply or availability of
primary nutrients to the host plant.
About biofertilizers:-

 In nature, there are a number of useful soil micro organisms which can help
plants to absorb nutrients.
 Their utility can be enhanced with human intervention by selecting efficient
organisms, culturing them and adding them to soils directly or through seeds.
 The cultured micro organisms packed in some carrier material for easy
application in the field are called bio-fertilizers. Thus, the critical input in
Biofertilizers is the micro organisms.
Types and features of biofertilizers

 Based on type of microorganism, the bio-fertilizer can also be classified as


follows:
• Bacterial Biofertilizers: e.g. Rhizobium, Azospirilium, Azotobacter, Phosphobacteria.
• Fungal Biofertilizers: e.g. Mycorhiza
• Algal Biofertilizers: e.g. Blue Green Algae (BGA) and Azolla.
• Actinimycetes Biofertilizer: e.g. Frankia.
 Bio-fertilizer are mostly cultured and multiplied it the laboratory. However, blue
green algae and azolla can be mass-multiplied in the field.
Characteristics Features of common Biofertilizers

• Rhizobium : Rhizobium is relatively more effective and widely used biofertilizer.


Rhizobium, in association wit legumes, fixes atmospheric N. The legumes and their
symbiotic association with the rhizobium bacterium result in the formation of root
nodules that fix atmospheric N. Successful nodulation of leguminous crop by rhizobium
largely depends on the availability of a compatible stain for a particular legume.
Rhizobium population in the soil is dependent on the presence of legumes crops in field.
In the absence of legumes the population of rhizobium in the soil diminishes.
• Azospirillum : Azospirillum is known to have a close associative symbiosis with the
higher plant system. These bacteria have association with cereals like; sorghum, maize,
pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet and other minor millets and also fodder grasses.
• Azotobacter : It is a common soil bacterium. A. chrococcum is present widely in Indian
soil. Soil organic matter is the important factor that decides the growth of this bacteria.
• Blue Green Algae (BGA) : Blue green algae are referred to as rice organisms because
of their abundance in the rice field. Many species belonging to the genera, Tolypothrix,
Nostic, Schizothrix, Calothrix, Anoboenosois and Plectonema are abundant in tropical
conditions. Most of the nitrogen fixation BGA are filamenters, consisting of chain of
vegetative cell including specialized cells called heterocyst which function as a
micronodule for synthesis and N fixing machinery.
Factor affecting their application
 Storage conditions: To sustain the viability of the microorganisms that make up
biofertilizers, proper storage conditions are crucial. Their shelf life may be impacted by
elements like temperature, moisture, and sunlight. It’s crucial to adhere to the
manufacturer’s storage instructions to guarantee the biofertilizer product’s vitality.
 The way that biofertilizers are applied can affect both their survival and effectiveness.
Successful colonization depends on the biofertilizer making excellent contact with soil
or plant roots.
 Environment of the soil: The survival and activity of biofertilizer microorganisms can
be influenced by the soil’s properties, such as pH, texture, and organic matter content.
Some strains may be better suited than others to particular soil conditions.
 Competing microorganisms: For resources and niches in the soil, native soil
microorganisms may engage in competition with biofertilizer microorganisms. The
successful installation of biofertilizer may be hampered by the presence of large
populations of native microorganisms.
CONTD…..

 Host plant
 Soil Fertility
 Cropping Practices
 Biological & Environmental Factors
Factor affecting biofertilizer responce
 Efficiency of any inoculant and micro-organism to be determined by host
plant and genotype.
 Quality of inoculant largely influences its results in terms of nitrogen fixation
and solubilization of particular nutrients.
 Package of practices and management of crop after results of bio-fertilizers.
 Soil physical and chemical properties highly influence impact of different
inoculants and micro-organism.
 Climatic condition like temperature, relative humidity , rainfall and
photoperiod affect response of biofertilizers significantly.
Thank you

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