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Earth Science NonRenewableResources

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Marin Jr., Reynaldo J.
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8 views29 pages

Earth Science NonRenewableResources

Uploaded by

Marin Jr., Reynaldo J.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO TAGUM COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
NON-RENEWABLE
ENERGY
RESOURCES
---------------------
NON-RENEWABLE
ENERGY
RESOURCES
---------------------
NON-RENEWABLE
---------
ENERGY
• Comes from the sources that will run out or will not be
replenished in our lifetimes-or even in many, many lifetimes.

• Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: Coal,


Petroleum, and Natural Gas.

• Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels. For this reason, the
time period that fossil fuels formed (about 360-300 million
years ago) is called the Carboniferous Period.

EARTH SCIENCE
COAL:
ITS
FORMATION
AND
VARIETIES
(COAL FORMATION)- - - - - - - - - - - - -
• Formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with
huge swampy forests where plants – giant ferns, reeds and
mosses – grew.

COALIFICATION
PROCESS
EARTH SCIENCE
(COAL FORMATION)- - - - - - - - - - - - -

EARTH SCIENCE
STAGES (COAL FORMATION) - - - - - - - - - - - -
Stage1 -PEAT
• Is a fibrous, soft, spongy substance in which plant remains are
easily recognizable.

• It contains a large amount of water and must be dried before


use.

EARTH SCIENCE
STAGES (COAL FORMATION) - - - - - - - - - - - -
Stage2 -LIGNITE

• Formed when peat is subjected to increased vertical pressure


from accumulating sediments.

• It crumbles easily and should not be shipped or handled before


use.

EARTH SCIENCE
STAGES (COAL FORMATION) - - - - - - - - - - - -
Stage3 -BITUMINOUS COAL (soft coal)
• Added pressure has made it compact and virtually all traces of
plant life have disappeared.

• It is greatly used in industry as a source of heat energy.

EARTH SCIENCE
STAGES (COAL FORMATION) - - - - - - - - - - - -
Stage4 -ANTHRACITE (hard coal)

• It is hard and has a high lustre. It appears to have been formed


as a result of combined pressure and high temperature.

• Burns with short flame and little smoke.

EARTH SCIENCE
COAL BED
METHANE
WHAT IS CBM (COAL BED METHANE) ?- - - - - - - - - - -
• It is a gas that occurs in association with coal. During
coalification process, large amount of gas are produced, some
of this gas escapes into other rocks or into the atmosphere but
some still remain in coal.

• Coal bed methane is similar to Natural gas , differing only in


the way that it is formed and stores in the Earth’s crust.

EARTH SCIENCE
CHARACTERISTICS (COAL BED METHANE)- - - - - - - - -
1. Porosity- the porosity of coal bed reservoirs is usually very
small, ranging from 0.1 to 10%.
2. Fracture Permeability- the fracture permeability acts as the
major channel for the gas to flow.
3. Thickness of formation and initial reservoir pressure- the
thickness of the formation may not be directly
proportional to the volume of gas produced in some areas.
4.Other properties- coal density, initial gas phase
concentration, critical gas saturation.

EARTH SCIENCE
PETROLEUM
AND
NATURAL
GAS
-----------------------
PETROLEUM
• Is the cleanest of all fossil fuels (can reduce the emissions of
pollutants into the atmosphere).

• The main products of natural gas combustion are carbon


dioxide and water vapor (carbon dioxide is a less potent
pollutant).

• Doesn’t contribute much to smog (emits low levels of nitrous


oxide and almost no particulate matter).

• Can be used to fuel vehicles (cut down on the emissions from


gasoline and diesel).

EARTH SCIENCE
NATURAL GAS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
• Is the cleanest of all fossil fuels (can reduce the emissions of
pollutants into the atmosphere).

• The main products of natural gas combustion are carbon


dioxide and water vapor (carbon dioxide is a less potent
pollutant).

• Doesn’t contribute much to smog (emits low levels of nitrous


oxide and almost no particulate matter).

• Can be used to fuel vehicles (cut down on the emissions from


gasoline and diesel).

EARTH SCIENCE
HEAVY
CRUDE AND
OIL SANDS
HEAVY CRUDE- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
• Is highly-viscous oil that cannot easily flow to production wells
under normal reservoir conditions.

• Is a type of crude oil that is different from conventional crude


oil insofar as they are much more difficult to recover from the
subsurface reservoir.
• Can be found in shallow, young reservoirs, with rocks from the
Pleistocene, Pilocene, and Miocene (younger than 25 million of
years). In some cases, it can also be found in older Cretaceous,
Mississipian, and Devonian reservoirs. These reservoirs tend to
be poorly sealed, resulting in heavy oil and oil sands.

EARTH SCIENCE
OIL SANDS (TAR SANDS)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
• A mixture of sand or clay, water and extremely viscous
petroleum called bitumen, often referred to as unconventional
oil.

• Primary reserves found in Canada (Alberta) and Venezuela.


20% of US oil comes from Canada, 50% oil sands.

EARTH SCIENCE
SHALE OIL
AND
SHALE GAS
SHALE OIL (KEROGEN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SHALE)

• One of the first sources of mineral used by humans, early 14th


Century.

• The term “shale oil” is also used for crude oil produced from
shale of other very low permeability formation. However, to
reduce the risk of confusion of shale poil produced from oil
shale with crude oil-oil bearing shales, the term “tight oil” is
preferred or latter.

EARTH SCIENCE
SHALE GAS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

EARTH SCIENCE
URANIUM
-----------
SETTING DEPOSIT OF URANIUM

• Some deposits are carried by groundwater.


• It lies between the boundary of two groundwater forming
arcuate called “roll-front”.

• Some are deposited by unconformities.


• Some appears in pipe or cone-shaped filled with angular
fragments.
• Uranium is mined using underground or open-pit mining
methods.
• If Uranium ore is close to the surface it is generally more
economical and mined using open pit.

EARTH SCIENCE
USES OF URANIUM- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

• Uranium gas has a wide variety of use including the ff. :

- Medical use
- Weapon
- Energy provider

- Since Uranium is widely used in nuclear Power plant it has


also some positive and negative effects in all aspects.

EARTH SCIENCE
-------------------
POSITIVE EFFECT

• No CO2 (carbon dioxide) released compare to gthe 4.5 million


tons of CO2 from Coal-fired Electric Plant.
• No Acidic Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen released than 300 tons
of SO2-and 100 tons of Nitrogen Oxide per day.
• It is believed that 1 pound of highly enriched Uranium is
comparable to million gallons of gasoline.
• 1 million times as much as energy compare to another 1 pound
of coal.
• Prevent 5.1 million tons of sulfur and 2.4 million tons of Nitrogen
Oxide and 164 metric tons of Carbon annually.

EARTH SCIENCE
------------------
NEGATIVE EFFECT

• Cost highly from mining to utilization since Uranium is rare


element.
• It is highly dangerous specially when there is a massive
earthquake that can destroy the Powerplant.
• The increase of risk in Leukemia from the firefighters and
cancer possibilities.
• Chernobyl accident in Ukraine the most worst nuclear accident
in the world.
• Long duration of health hazard specially if gas is intake from
accident.

EARTH SCIENCE
- - - - - - - - - - - - - THE END - - - - - - - - - - - -

EARTH SCIENCE

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