UNIT II

Artificial Intelligence and

Machine Learning
 Content
1. Introduction of AI and ML

2. Automating Customer Interactions

3. AI for Data-Based Decision-Making

4. Applications of AI &ML in Marketing & Sales

Finance, Operations, Supply Chain & Human
Resources

5. Introduction to Generative AI
 Introduction
to
AI and ML
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an umbrella term for different strategies
and techniques you can use to make machines more humanlike. AI
includes everything from smart assistants like Alexa to robotic
vacuum cleaners and self-driving cars.
Machine learning (ML) is one among many other branches of AI. ML
is the science of developing algorithms and statistical models that
computer systems use to perform complex tasks without explicit
instructions. The systems rely on patterns and inference instead.
Computer systems use ML algorithms to process large quantities of
historical data and identify data patterns. While machine learning is
AI, not all AI activities are machine learning.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Intelligent Machines
AI refers to the development of computer systems and algorithms that can perform
tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as perception, reasoning, and
learning.

Mimicking Human Cognition

AI aims to create machines that can think, learn, and solve problems in a way that
resembles human cognitive processes.

Automation and Optimization

AI can be used to automate complex tasks and optimize decision-making in a wide
range of industries and applications.
https://youtu.be/ad79nYk2keg?si=rEv1u8zcLE961API

https://youtu.be/ad79nYk2keg?si=rEv1u8zcLE961API
HOW DID ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOP?

• In Alan Turing’s seminal paper from 1950, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," he considered whether machines could think.
In this paper, Turing first coined the term artificial intelligence and presented it as a theoretical and philosophical concept.
• Between 1957 and 1974, developments in computing allowed computers to store more data and process faster. During this period,
scientists further developed machine learning (ML) algorithms. The progress in the field led agencies like the Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to create a fund for AI research. At first, the main goal of this research was to discover whether
computers could transcribe and translate spoken language.
• Through the 1980s, the boosted funding available and the expanding algorithmic toolkit scientists used in AI streamlined
development. David Rumelhart and John Hopfield published papers on deep learning techniques, which showed that computers
could learn from experience.
• From 1990 to the early 2000s, scientists achieved many core goals of AI, like beating the reigning world chess champion. With more
computing data and processing power in the modern age than in previous decades, AI research is now more common and accessible.
It's rapidly evolving into artificial general intelligence so software can perform complex tasks. Software can create, make decisions,
and learn on their own, tasks previously limited to humans.
AI in Business
•AWS In 5 Minutes | What Is AWS? | AWS Tutorial For Beginners | AWS Training | Simpli
learn (youtube.com)
HOW CAN AWS SUPPORT YOUR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
REQUIREMENTS?

• Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides the most comprehensive services, tools, and resources to meet your AI technology
requirements. AWS makes AI accessible to organizations of all sizes so anyone can build innovative, new technology without
having to worry about infrastructure resources.
• AWS artificial intelligence (AI) offers hundreds of services to build and scale AI applications for every type of use case. Here are
examples of services you can use:
• Amazon CodeGuru Security to detect, monitor, and fix code security vulnerabilities
• Amazon Fraud Detector to detect online fraud and enhance detection models
• Amazon Monitron to detect infrastructural issues before they occur.
• Amazon Rekogniton to automate, streamline, and scale image recognition and video analysis
• Amazon Textract to extract printed text, analyze handwriting, and automatically capture data from any document
• Amazon Transcribe to convert speech to text, extract key business insights from video files, and improve business outcomes
MACHINE LEARNING
WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING?

• Machine learning is the science of developing algorithms and statistical models that
computer systems use to perform tasks without explicit instructions, relying on patterns
and inference instead.
• Computer systems use machine learning algorithms to process large quantities of
historical data and identify data patterns. This allows them to predict outcomes more
accurately from a given input data set.
• For example, data scientists could train a medical application to diagnose cancer from x-
ray images by storing millions of scanned images and the corresponding diagnoses.
WHERE IS MACHINE LEARNING USED?

• Manufacturing

Machine learning can support predictive maintenance, quality control, and innovative research
in the manufacturing sector. Machine learning technology also helps companies improve
logistical solutions, including assets, supply chain, and inventory management. Healthcare
and life sciences
The proliferation of wearable sensors and devices has generated a significant volume of health
data. Machine learning programs can analyze this information and support doctors in real-time
diagnosis and treatment. Machine learning researchers are developing solutions that detect
cancerous tumors and diagnose eye diseases.
WHERE IS MACHINE LEARNING USED?

• Financial services
Financial machine learning projects improve risk analytics and regulation. Machine learning technology can allow investors to identify
new opportunities by analyzing stock market movements, evaluating hedge funds, or calibrating financial portfolios. In addition, it can
help identify high-risk loan clients and mitigate signs of fraud.
• Retail
Retail can use machine learning to improve customer service, stock management, upselling and cross-channel marketing. For
example, Amazon Fulfillment (AFT) cut infrastructure costs by 40 percent using a machine learning model to identify misplaced
inventory. This helps them deliver on Amazon’s promise that an item will be readily available to customers and arrive on time, despite
processing millions of global shipments annually.
• Media and entertainment
Entertainment companies turn to machine learning to better understand their target audiences and deliver immersive, personalized, and
on-demand content. Machine learning algorithms are deployed to help design trailers and other advertisements, provide consumers with
personalized content recommendations, and even streamline production.
HOW DOES MACHINE LEARNING WORK?

• The central idea behind machine learning is an existing mathematical relationship between any input and output
data combination. The machine learning model does not know this relationship in advance, but it can guess if
given sufficient data sets. This means every machine learning algorithm is built around a modifiable math
function. The underlying principle can be understood like this:
1. We ‘train’ the algorithm by giving it the following input/output (i,o) combinations – (2,10), (5,19), and (9,31)
2. The algorithm computes the relationship between input and output to be: o=3*i+4
3. We then give it input 7 and ask it to predict the output. It can automatically determine the output as 25.
• While this is a basic understanding, machine learning focuses on the principle that all complex data points can be
mathematically linked by computer systems as long as they have sufficient data and computing power to process
that data. Therefore, the accuracy of the output is directly co-relational to the magnitude of the input given.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS?

Algorithms can be categorized by four distinct learning styles depending on the expected
output and the input type.
1. Supervised machine learning
2. Unsupervised machine learning
3. Semi-supervised learning
1. SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

• Data scientists supply algorithms with labeled and defined training data to assess for correlations.
The sample data specifies both the input and the output of the algorithm. For example, images of
handwritten figures are annotated to indicate which number they correspond to. A supervised-
learning system could recognize the clusters of pixels and shapes associated with each number,
given sufficient examples. It would eventually recognize handwritten numbers, reliably
distinguishing between the numbers 9 and 4 or 6 and 8.
• The strengths of supervised learning are simplicity and ease of design. It's useful when predicting a
possible limited set of outcomes, dividing data into categories, or combining results from two other
machine learning algorithms. However, labeling millions of unlabeled data sets is challenging. Let’s
take a closer look at this:
1. SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

• What is data labeling?

• Data labeling is the process of categorizing input data with its corresponding defined output
values. Labeled training data is required for supervised learning. For example, millions of
apple and banana images would need to be tagged with the words “apple” or “banana.” Then
machine learning applications could use this training data to guess the name of the fruit when
given a fruit image.However, labeling millions of new data can be a time-consuming and
challenging task. Crowd-working services such as Amazon Mechanical Turk can overcome this
limitation of supervised learning algorithms to some extent. These services provide access to a
large pool of affordable labor spread across the globe, making data acquisition less challenging.
2. UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

• Unsupervised learning algorithms train on unlabeled data. They scan through new data, trying to establish
meaningful connections between the inputs and predetermined outputs. They can spot patterns and categorize
data. For example, unsupervised algorithms could group news articles from different news sites into common
categories like sports, crime, etc. They can use natural language processing to comprehend meaning and emotion
in the article. In retail, unsupervised learning could find patterns in customer purchases and provide data analysis
results like — the customer is most likely to purchase bread if also buying butter.
• Unsupervised learning is useful for pattern recognition, anomaly detection, and automatically grouping data into
categories. As the training data does not require labeling, set up is easy. These algorithms can also be used to
clean and process data for further modeling automatically. The limitation of this method is that it cannot give
precise predictions. In addition, it cannot single out specific types of data outcomes independently.
3. SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING

• As the name suggests, this method combines supervised and unsupervised learning. The
technique relies on using a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled
data to train systems. First, the labeled data is used to train the machine-learning
algorithm partially. After that, the partially trained algorithm itself labels the unlabeled
data. This process is called pseudo-labeling. The model is then re-trained on the resulting
data mix without being explicitly programmed.
• The advantage of this method is that you do not require large amounts of labeled data. It is
handy when working with data like long documents that would be too time-consuming for
humans to read and label.
DEEP LEARNING
WHAT IS DEEP LEARNING?

• Deep learning is a type of machine learning technique that is modeled on the human brain.
• Deep learning algorithms analyze data with a logic structure similar to that used by humans.
• Deep learning uses intelligent systems called artificial neural networks to process
information in layers.
• Data flows from the input layer through multiple “deep” hidden neural network layers
before coming to the output layer.
• The additional hidden layers support learning that’s far more capable than that of standard
machine learning models.
WHAT IS AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK?

• The deep learning layers are artificial neural network (ANN) nodes that operate like
human brain neurons. Nodes can be a combination of hardware and software. Each layer
in a deep learning algorithm is made up of ANN nodes. Each node, or artificial neuron,
connects to another and has an associated value number and threshold number. A node
sends its value number as an input to the next layer node when activated. It is activated
only if its output is above the specified threshold value. Otherwise, no data is passed
along.
WHAT IS COMPUTER VISION?

• Computer vision is a real-world application of deep learning. Just like artificial

intelligence enables computers to think — computer vision enables them to see, observe,
and respond.
• Self-driving cars use computer vision to “read” road signs. A car’s camera captures a
photo of the sign. This photo is sent to the deep learning algorithm in the car. The first
hidden layer detects edges, the next differentiate colors, and the third layer identifies the
details of the alphabet on the sign. The algorithm predicts that the sign reads STOP, and
the car responds by triggering the brake mechanism.
DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS
APPLICATIONS
• Natural language processing
NLP uses deep learning algorithms to interpret, understand, and gather meaning from text
data. NLP can process human-created text, which makes it useful for summarizing
documents, automating chatbots, and conducting sentiment analysis.
• Computer vision
Computer vision uses deep learning techniques to extract information and insights from
videos and images. Using computer vision, a computer can understand images just like a
human would. You can use computer vision to monitor online content for inappropriate
images, recognize faces, and classify image details. It is critical in self-driving cars and
trucks to monitor the environment and make split-second decisions.
 DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS
• Generative AI APPLICATIONS
Generative AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that can create new content and
artifacts such as images, videos, text, and audio from simple text prompts. Unlike past AI
limited to analyzing data, generative AI leverages deep learning and massive datasets to
produce high-quality, human-like creative outputs.
Speech recognition
Speech recognition software uses deep learning models to interpret human speech, identify
words, and detect meaning. The neural networks can transcribe speech to text and indicate
vocal sentiment. You can use speech recognition in technologies like virtual assistants and
call center software to identify meaning and perform related tasks.
IS MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE THE
SAME?

• The short answer is no. While the terms Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
may be used interchangeably, they are not the same.
• Artificial Intelligence is an umbrella term for different strategies and techniques used to
make machines more human-like. AI includes everything from smart assistants like Alexa
to robotic vacuum cleaners and self-driving cars.
• Machine learning is one among many other branches of Artificial Intelligence. While
machine learning is AI, all AI activities cannot be called machine learning.
ARE MACHINE LEARNING AND DATA SCIENCE THE SAME?

• No, machine learning and data science are not the same.
• Data science is a field of study that uses a scientific approach to extract meaning and
insights from data. Data scientists use a range of tools for data analysis, and machine
learning is one such tool.
• Data scientists understand the bigger picture around the data like the business model,
domain, and data collection, while machine learning is a computational process that only
deals with raw data.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINE
LEARNING?

• Advantages of machine learning models: • Disadvantages of machine learning models:

• Can identify data trends and patterns that • Initial training is a costly and time-consuming
humans might miss. process. It may be hard to implement if sufficient
• Can work without human intervention after set up. For data is not available.
example, machine learning in cybersecurity software
• It is a compute-intensive process requiring heavy
can continuously monitor and identify irregularities in
network traffic without administrator input. initial investment if the hardware is set up in-
house.
• Results can become more accurate over time.
• It can be challenging to interpret results correctly
• Can handle a variety of data formats in dynamic, high
volume, and complex data environments.
and eliminate uncertainty without expert help.
AI-Powered
Customer
Interactions
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing customer interactions,
empowering businesses to provide more efficient, personalized, and
seamless experiences. From intelligent chatbots to predictive analytics,
AI-driven solutions are transforming the way companies engage with
their clients.
Chatbots and Virtual Assistants

Conversational Experiences
AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants provide natural, human-like interactions, delivering personalized
responses and seamless support.

Automated Assistance
These intelligent systems can handle a wide range of customer inquiries and tasks, freeing up human agents to
focus on more complex issues.

24/7 Availability
Chatbots and virtual assistants are available around the clock, ensuring customers can get the help they need
whenever they need it.
Predictive Analytics for Personalized Experiences

Predictive Insights Personalized Optimized Interactions

Recommendations
AI-powered predictive analytics can AI can analyze customer interactions
identify customer patterns and By leveraging customer data, AI can to identify areas for improvement,
preferences, enabling businesses to suggest personalized product ensuring businesses deliver the most
anticipate and address their needs recommendations, content, and effective and satisfying experience.
proactively. offers, enhancing customer
engagement and loyalty.
Automating Customer Service
Workflows
Intake
AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can collect initial customer
information and route inquiries to the appropriate channels.

Resolution
Automated workflows can quickly access relevant data and provide
personalized solutions, streamlining the customer service process.

Feedback
AI can analyze customer feedback to continuously improve service quality
and identify areas for optimization.
 AI
for
Data-Based Decision-
Making
Examples of Data based Decision-making

Predictive Maintenance Personalized Fraud Detection

Recommendations
AI-powered predictive maintenance Financial institutions employ AI-
algorithms can analyze sensor data E-commerce giants like Amazon and powered fraud detection systems to
from machinery, detecting early Netflix utilize AI to analyze identify suspicious transactions in
signs of potential failures. This customer behavior and preferences, real-time, preventing fraudulent
allows companies to proactively providing personalized product and activities and protecting their
schedule maintenance, reducing content recommendations. This customers' assets.
downtime and improving operational enhances the customer experience
efficiency. and drives increased sales.
Predictive Analytics: Forecasting Trends and
Opportunities
1 Demand Forecasting 2 Risk Mitigation 3 Opportunity Identification
AI-powered predictive analytics Predictive models can help
can analyze historical sales data, organizations identify and AI can uncover hidden patterns
market trends, and external mitigate potential risks, such as and insights in data, enabling
factors to forecast future changes in consumer behavior, businesses to identify emerging
demand, enabling businesses to market disruptions, or supply market trends, potential growth
make more informed inventory chain disruptions, allowing them opportunities, and areas for
and production decisions. to proactively address these product or service innovation.
challenges.
AI-Driven Personalization for Improved
Customer Experience

Predictive Search
AI-powered search algorithms can anticipate user intent and provide personalized, relevant search results,
enhancing the customer's ability to find the products or information they are looking for.

Personalized Recommendations
AI can analyze customer behavior, preferences, and past interactions to suggest personalized product or content
recommendations, leading to increased engagement and sales.

Intelligent Chatbots
AI-driven chatbots can provide personalized, conversational support to customers, addressing their inquiries
and concerns in real-time, improving customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Integrating AI into Strategic Decision-Making Processes

Scenario Planning
AI can be used to simulate different business scenarios, allowing decision-makers to explore the potential
impact of various strategic choices and better prepare for possible future events.

Resource Allocation
AI algorithms can analyze data on resources, costs, and expected outcomes to help organizations optimize the
allocation of their financial, human, and technological assets, ensuring maximum return on investment.

Strategic Insights
AI-powered data analysis can uncover hidden trends, patterns, and correlations that would be difficult for
humans to detect, providing valuable insights to inform strategic decision-making.

Adaptive Planning
AI can enable organizations to continuously monitor and adjust their strategies in response to changing market
conditions, ensuring they remain agile and responsive to new challenges and opportunities.
 AI and ML
in
Marketing and Sales
Personalized Product Recommendations
Increased Conversion Rates Enhanced Customer Operational Efficiency
Experience
ML algorithms can automate the
AI-powered recommendations can Personalized recommendations recommendation process, reducing
suggest products tailored to each create a seamless and engaging the burden on marketing and sales
customer's unique preferences, shopping experience, building brand teams.
leading to higher conversion rates loyalty and customer satisfaction.
and revenue growth.
Predictive Customer Churn
Analysis
1 Data Collection
Gather relevant customer data, such as purchase history, engagement
metrics, and customer service interactions.

2 Model Training
Use ML algorithms to identify patterns and predict which customers
are at risk of churning.

3 Targeted Interventions
Proactively reach out to high-risk customers with personalized
retention strategies to prevent churn.
Automated Lead Scoring and
Prioritization
1 Lead Scoring
AI-driven models analyze lead data to assign a score based on their
likelihood of conversion.

2 Lead Prioritization
Automatically prioritize the most promising leads, allowing sales
teams to focus their efforts effectively.

3 Predictive Insights
ML algorithms can identify patterns and trends to forecast future
lead behavior and sales opportunities.
Intelligent Chatbots for Customer Support

24/7 Availability
Chatbots can provide instant, around-the-clock customer support, improving response times and
availability.

Personalized Interactions
Chatbots can tailor their responses based on customer data, creating a more personalized support
experience.

Scalable Solutions
Chatbots can handle multiple customer queries simultaneously, reducing the burden on human customer
service representatives.

Continuous Learning
Chatbots can leverage ML to continuously improve their responses and capabilities over time.
Optimized Pricing and Promotions

Pricing Optimization
AI-powered models can analyze market data, customer behavior, and competitor pricing to recommend
optimal pricing strategies.

Promotional Targeting
ML algorithms can identify the most effective promotional offers and target them to the right customers.

Revenue Maximization
Integrated AI and ML solutions can help businesses maximize revenue through dynamic pricing and
personalized promotions.
Targeted Digital Advertising and
Campaigns
Audience Segmentation
AI can analyze customer data to create highly targeted audience segments for
digital advertising and marketing campaigns.

Content Optimization
ML models can optimize the content, messaging, and creative elements of digital
ads to maximize engagement and conversions.
 AI & ML
in
Finance
The financial industry has been at the forefront of adopting artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies to drive
innovation and gain a competitive edge. From fraud detection and
personalized recommendations to algorithmic trading and credit risk
modeling, AI and ML have transformed various aspects of the finance
sector, offering increased efficiency, improved decision-making, and
enhanced customer experiences.
Fraud Detection and Prevention
Real-Time Monitoring
AI-powered fraud detection systems continuously monitor financial transactions in real-time, identifying
suspicious patterns and anomalies that may indicate fraudulent activity. These systems can quickly flag and
stop potentially fraudulent transactions, protecting both businesses and customers from financial loss.

Predictive Analytics
Machine learning algorithms analyze large datasets of past fraud cases to identify key indicators and
develop predictive models. These models can then be used to proactively detect and prevent new instances
of fraud, reducing the overall risk and impact on financial institutions.

Adaptive Learning
AI-based fraud detection systems have the ability to learn and adapt over time, continuously improving
their accuracy and effectiveness. As new fraud patterns emerge, the systems can quickly update their
models to stay ahead of the evolving threat landscape.
Personalized Financial Recommendations
Intelligent Wealth Customized Product Offerings Automated Financial Planning
Management

AI and ML-powered robo-advisors By leveraging customer data and AI- AI-powered chatbots and virtual
can analyze an individual's financial driven analytics, financial institutions assistants can provide customers with
goals, risk tolerance, and investment can create highly personalized real-time, personalized financial
history to provide personalized product and service advice, helping them manage their
recommendations for asset recommendations, such as tailored budgets, track spending, and plan
allocation, portfolio diversification, insurance plans, loan options, or for their financial future. This level
and investment strategies. This savings accounts. This enhances of automation and personalization
helps customers make more informed customer engagement and loyalty, as empowers customers to take a more
and data-driven decisions about their well as increases the likelihood of active role in their financial well-
financial well-being. customers finding the right financial being.
solutions for their needs.
Credit Risk Assessment and Modeling
1 Predictive Modeling
AI and ML algorithms can analyze vast amounts of customer data, including credit histories, financial
behaviors, and demographic information, to develop predictive models that more accurately assess the
creditworthiness of individuals and businesses. This helps financial institutions make more informed
lending decisions and reduce the risk of default.

2 Early Warning Systems

AI-powered credit risk models can also be used to develop early warning systems that detect signs of
financial distress or potential defaults, allowing financial institutions to proactively manage and
mitigate credit risk. This can lead to reduced losses and improved portfolio performance.

3 Personalized Credit Decisions

By leveraging AI and ML, financial institutions can move beyond one-size-fits-all credit scoring models
and instead make more personalized credit decisions based on a deeper understanding of each
customer's unique financial profile and risk factors.
 AI and ML
In
Operations and Supply Chain
 AI and ML In Operations and Supply Chain

Predictive Maintenance

Siemens uses AI to predict equipment failures before they happen.

Sensors collect data from machinery, and AI analyzes this data to
predict when maintenance is needed. This helps avoid unexpected
breakdowns and reduces downtime.
Inventory Management
Walmart uses machine learning algorithms to predict customer demand
and manage inventory levels more efficiently. By analyzing sales data
and other factors, Walmart can ensure that products are in stock when
customers need them, reducing the chances of overstocking or
stockouts.
 AI and ML In Operations and Supply Chain

Demand Forecasting
Amazon employs AI to forecast customer demand for products. By
analyzing past sales data, customer behavior, and external factors like
holidays and weather, Amazon can predict which products will be in
high demand and adjust their inventory and supply chain accordingly.

Supply Chain Optimization

P&G uses AI to optimize its supply chain by analyzing data from
suppliers, manufacturing plants, and distribution centers. This helps
them improve delivery times, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.
 AI and ML In Operations and Supply Chain

Warehouse Automation

Ocado, an online grocery retailer, uses AI-powered robots to automate

warehouse operations. These robots pick and pack groceries with high
precision and speed, improving the efficiency of the order fulfillment
process.

Quality Control
BMW uses AI for quality control in its manufacturing process. AI
systems analyze images of car parts to detect defects that human
inspectors might miss. This ensures that only high-quality parts are
used in their cars.
 AI and ML In Operations and Supply Chain

Logistics and Route Optimization

DHL stands for Dalsey Hillblom Lynn. It is a German logistics
company providing international shipping and courier services. DHL
uses AI to optimize delivery routes for its logistics operations. By
analyzing traffic patterns, weather conditions, and delivery schedules,
AI can find the most efficient routes, saving time and reducing fuel
consumption.
Supplier Relationship Management
PepsiCo uses AI to manage relationships with suppliers. AI systems
analyze data on supplier performance, prices, and delivery times to
identify the best suppliers and negotiate better contracts.
 AI and ML In Human Resource Management

Recruitment and Talent Acquisition

Resume Screening: AI systems can scan resumes for keywords, skills,
and qualifications to find the best matches for job openings.
Example: Hilton Worldwide uses AI to sift through thousands of
resumes quickly, allowing recruiters to focus on the best candidates.

Interview Scheduling
AI can automate the scheduling of interviews, saving time for HR
teams.
Example: L’Oreal uses AI to manage interview schedules, reducing
administrative workload and speeding up the hiring process.
 AI and ML In Human Resource Management

Employee Onboarding
Virtual Assistants: AI chatbots can answer new employees' questions
and guide them through the onboarding process.
Example: T-Mobile uses a virtual assistant named Tinker to help new
hires complete paperwork and learn about company policies.

Personalized Onboarding & Training Program

ML can create tailored onboarding programs based on the new hire's
role and background.
Example: IBM personalizes onboarding experiences, ensuring new
employees get relevant training and information.
 AI and ML In Human Resource Management

Performance Management
Continuous Feedback: AI tools can provide real-time feedback to
employees based on their performance metrics.
Example: General Electric (GE) uses AI to analyze employee
performance data and give instant feedback, helping employees
improve continuously.

Objective Evaluations
ML algorithms can reduce bias in performance reviews by focusing on
data and outcomes.
Example: Adobe uses AI to ensure fair and unbiased performance
evaluations by analyzing objective performance data.
 AI and ML In Human Resource Management

Performance Management
Continuous Feedback: AI tools can provide real-time feedback to
employees based on their performance metrics.
Example: General Electric (GE) uses AI to analyze employee
performance data and give instant feedback, helping employees
improve continuously.

Objective Evaluations
ML algorithms can reduce bias in performance reviews by focusing on
data and outcomes.
Example: Adobe uses AI to ensure fair and unbiased performance
evaluations by analyzing objective performance data.
 AI and ML In Human Resource Management

Employee Retention
Predictive Analytics: AI can predict which employees are at risk of
leaving by analyzing factors like engagement levels, workload, and
career progression.
Example: IBM’s AI system predicts potential employee turnover,
allowing HR to intervene with retention strategies.

Sentiment Analysis
AI analyzes employee feedback from surveys, emails, and social media
to gauge morale and job satisfaction.
Example: Goldman Sachs uses sentiment analysis to monitor employee
satisfaction and address issues proactively.
 AI and ML In HRM: Training and Development

Personalized Learning Paths

ML algorithms create customized training programs for employees
based on their roles, skills, and career goals.
Example: Walmart uses AI to offer personalized training, helping
employees develop the specific skills they need for their jobs.

Virtual Training Assistants

AI can deliver interactive training sessions and track progress.
Example: Accenture employs virtual training assistants to conduct
interactive and engaging training modules for its employees.
 AI and ML In HRM: Workforce Planning

Demand Forecasting
AI predicts future workforce needs based on business trends and
market conditions.
Example: PepsiCo uses AI to forecast staffing needs and optimize
workforce levels, ensuring the right number of employees are available
when needed.

Talent Pool Management

AI helps HR maintain a database of potential candidates and match
them with future job openings.
Example: LinkedIn Talent Solutions uses AI to connect employers with
the best-fit candidates from its vast user base.
 AI and ML In HRM: Economic Benefits

Cost Savings: Automating routine tasks saves time and money.

Increased Productivity: Employees focus on high-value

tasks, improving overall productivity.

Better Decision Making: Data-driven insights lead to more

informed HR decisions.

Enhanced Employee Experience: Personalized and timely

interventions improve job satisfaction and retention.
INTRODUCTION TO
GENERATIVE AI
 After engaging with this presentation, we hope you
can...
• Recognize different types of generative AI tools and
understand how this technology is continuously evolving.

LEARNING • Explain the basics of what generative AI tools like ChatGPT

can do, including their strengths and limitations.

OUTCOMES • Safely and responsibly use a variety of generative AI tools

for personal, research, professional, or educational purposes,
whether paid or freely available, especially in a classroom
setting.
WHAT IS GENERATIVE AI
&
WHAT CAN IT DO?
 GENERATIVE AI TOOLS
• Nov. 2022
ChatGPT • Developed by OpenAI
• https://chat.openai.com/

• Feb. 2023
Bing AI • Developed by Microsoft
• https://www.bing.com

• Mar. 2023
Google Bard • Developed by Google
• https://bard.google.com/

Others • Notion, Jasper, DALL-E, and many more.

 HOW DOES GENERATIVE AI WORK?
• Generative AI (Gen AI): Refers to deep-learning models that can generate
high-quality text, images, and other content based on the data they are
trained on.
• ChatGPT: Large Language Model-based chatbot

Transformer =
GPT: Generative = Pre-Trained = uses machine
Generative Pre- creates billions of text files to learning model that
respond determines
Trained text responses
Transformer possible
outputs
based on probability.
 HOW DOES GENERATIVE AI WORK?
Step One Step Three
Step Two
• ChatGPT identifies keywords and
•User inputs a prompt or question ChatGPT uses a deep phrases in the prompt to understand the
context of the question
into learning algorithm to
• Command: Write an essay in
ChatGPT analyze the prompt and 150- words
•Prompt: Write a 150-word generate a response • Topic: Impressionism characteristics,
essay on the Impressionism 19th century France
movement in 19th-century
France and its characteristics.

Step Four Step Five Step Six

•ChatGPT accesses its •ChatGPT uses natural ChatGPT presents the
database of information to find language processing to response to the user, who can
relevant information related to generate a response that is choose to continue the
the prompt. grammatically correct and conversation or provide
•What does it know about contextually relevant to its additional prompts.
writing essays? What does it dataset
know about the time, country,
and characteristics of this
artistic movement?
GENAI: END
 GENERATIVE AI: FUNCTIONS
Language and Information Language Text Writing Conversational
Content
Retrieval Translation Summarization Assistance Assistance
Generation

Can create Can answer most

content of many basic, non-
Idea generator
types, including academic
code questions
"Summarize the
"Translate this "Improve the
key plot points in
sentence in following
Bradbury's
English into sentence for
Fahrenheit
Italian...." 451..." clarity..."
"Explain the
"Generate three
concept of
Unique ideas for a five-
photosynthesis
responses page essay on..."
in a simple and
clear manner..."
 GENERATIVE AI: LIMITATIONS

Incorrect or nonsensical responses

• Produces hallucinations
• Can not verify the accuracy of
information (disinformation)

Over reliant on the data it is trained on:

information contains biases
Doesn't have genuine comprehension
▪ "ChatGPT may produce inaccurate generates text based on patterns in data
information about people, places, or
facts." - ChatGPT disclaimer