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Week 1 - Meaning of Housing

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25 views23 pages

Week 1 - Meaning of Housing

Uploaded by

winnifredeugeniaquartey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WEEK 1:

MEANING OF HOUSING AND ITS IMPORTANCE

1
Outline of the Lecture

• Introduction
• Objectives of the lecture
• The Concept of housing
• Perspectives about housing
• Importance of Housing
• Housing situations in Global South
• Conclusion
2
Introduction
 Housing is considered as a basic need.

 Governments have focussed on meeting this


basic need of the citizenry.

 But what is housing? How should it be viewed?

3
Objectives of the Lecture

A student who has met the objectives of the lecture


should:

1. appreciate the meaning of the concept of housing.

2. have an insight into the nature of housing in the


Global South.

3. know some of the factors housing policies should


consider in improving housing conditions.
4
Meaning of the Concept of
Housing

5
The Concept of Housing

 Williams (2007):- housing as a dwelling place,


constructed as a home for one or more
persons.

 Godwin (1998) defines it as the space that one


can call his/her own, that gives him/her privacy
and shelters him/her from the weather and
intrusions of unwanted people.

6
The Concept of Housing – cont’d

• Will you call these


housing?

1. Are they not structures


accommodating people?

2. Can’t they provide


privacy?

7
The Concept of Housing – cont’d

 the physical structure that man uses for shelter


and the environs of that structure including all
necessary services, facilities, equipment, and
devices needed or desired for the physical,
mental, and social wellbeing of the family and
individual.

8
The Concept of Housing – cont’d

 The definitions are based on standards often termed


as “minimum conditions”.

 Maximum Room Occupancy: 1.5 p.p.r in low density


areas to 2 p.p.r in high density areas:
• Low density (or high class) area: 88 p.p.ha
(maximum)
• Medium density (or middle class): 89 p.p.ha
(minimum) & 175 p.p.ha (maximum)
• High density (including high rise apartments: 176
p.p.ha (minimum) & 330 p.p.ha (maximum)
9
Housing Perspectives

10
Functions of Housing

1. It helps to meet health


and security needs.

2. Provides employment.

3. It indicates households
with a particular culture.
Sirigu in Northern Ghana
4. It functions as a
commodity to be
produced and traded for
profit.
12
Functions of Housing – cont’d

5. To redistribute population

6. To segregate population
(SSNIT Flats, Regimanuel
Estates, etc)

7. Integration of population.

13
Housing Situation in the Global
South

14
Housing Situations in LDCs

Low income communities:


• Poor housing conditions
(deteriorated buildings due to
poor maintenance culture and
poor designs).

• High densities (houses per hectare


and high room occupancy).
– Housing density is 7 per hectare
– Room occupancy is between 6 and 8.

15
Low income communities – cont’d
 Low level of services (e.g. no toilet facilities, etc)
 Only two public latrine serving about 10,000 people at
Atonsu
 Long queues during the mornings and evenings.
 Indiscriminate defecation.
 Landlords are the sole users of available toilet facilities
exist.

 Strong social interaction


 Informal relationships
 Have several domestic associations (fun clubs, organise
communal labour, etc) 16
High Income Communities
 Mainly single-family high income
housing in the forms of villas,
bungalows or flats on large
plots.
 Low densities
 Room occupancy is approx. 2 and
sometimes lower in high income
communities.
 High level of services (water in
dwelling, etc)
 Weak social interaction 17
 Elitists’ groups.
Slums and Informal settlements

18
What is the Data telling Us?

 Unprecedented slum growth in


the developing world:
• 1 million new slum dwellers per
year during 1990-2000

 Slum population has risen from


767 million in 2000 to an
estimated 828 million 2010.

19
What is the Data telling Us?

20
What is the Data telling Us? – cont’d

 Urbanization as a synonym to slums

Region Urban Growth Growth in Slum


(%) population (%)
SSA 4.6 4.5
Southern Asia 2.9 2.2
Western Asia 2.9 2.7

21
Factors that affect housing situation

 Income levels
 Low income areas have poor conditions. The vice versa is
the case in high income communities. Any examples in
Ghana?

 Rate of population (mostly urban) growth


 High population growth rate often outpace housing
supply leading to poor conditions.

22
Factors that affect housing situation
– cont’d

 Nature of housing policies


 Discriminatory housing policies affect housing
conditions.
 Unavailability of serviced lands.
 Poor financing mechanisms.
 Non-utilisation of local building materials, etc

23
Conclusion
 Standards in housing are necessary to protect the
health of individuals.

 Standards must be based on local conditions


instead of foreign ones.

 Emphasis should be on services in order to address


slums.

24

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